Why do men die earlier than women? The latest research makes it known that the reason could be that men’s hearts go into rapid decline（下降） when they reach middle age.
The largest study of the effects of ageing on the heart has found that women’s longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose their pumping power with age.
“We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25 percent between 18 and 70 years of age,” said the head of the study, David Goldspink of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK.
“Within the heart there are millions of cells that enable it to beat. Between the age of 20 and 70, one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men,” said Goldspink. “This is part of the ageing process.”
What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells. A healthy 70-year-old woman’s heart could perform almost as well as a 20-year-old one’s. “This gender（ 性別） difference might just explain why women live longer than men,” said Goldspink. They studied more than 250 healthy men and women between the ages of 18 and 80, focusing on healthy persons to remove the confusing influence of disease. “The team has yet to find why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart,” said Goldspink.
The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise. Goldspink stressed that women also need regular exercise to prevent their leg muscles becoming smaller and weaker as they age.
小題1:The underlined word “l(fā)ongevity” in the second paragraph probably refers to “________”.
A．healthB．a(chǎn)geingC．long lifeD．effect
小題2:The text mainly talks about ________.
A．men’s heart cellsB．women’s ageing process
C．the gender differenceD．hearts and long life
小題3:According to the text, the UK scientists have known that ________.
A．women have more cells than men when they are born
B．women can replace the cells that enable the heart to beat
C．the female heart loses few of the cells with age
D．women never lose their pumping power with age
小題4:If you want to live longer, you should ________.
A．exercise regularly to keep your heart healthy
B．find out the reason for ageing
C．enable your heart to beat much faster
D．prevent your cells from being lost
小題5:We can know from the passage that ________.
A．the reason why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart has been found out
B．scientists are on the way to finding out why the male heart loses more of the cells
C．the team has done something to prevent the male from suffering the greater loss
D．women over 70 could lose more heart cells than those at the age of 20

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:A
小題5:B
文章講述的是一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女性比男性長壽的原因在于心臟，并且講到了心臟和年齡之間的關(guān)系
小題1:猜測詞義題，根據(jù)第一段的Why do men die earlier than women可知，這里講的主題就是女性比男性更長壽
小題2:主旨大意題，根據(jù)第一段的The latest research makes it known that the reason could be that men’s hearts go into rapid decline（下降） when they reach middle age可知，文章主要講述的是最新的關(guān)于心臟和年齡之間的關(guān)系。
小題3:事實細節(jié)題，根據(jù)第五段的What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells可知
小題4:事實細節(jié)題，根據(jù)最后一段的The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise可知
小題5:推理判斷題，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的The team has yet to find why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart可知
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The clock rules our lives. The more we try to save time, the less time we seem to have. In every area of our lives we are doing things faster. And many of us live in towns and cities which are getting noisier and more stressful as each day passes. But now a worldwide movement, whose aim is to slow life down, has started. Its supporters are people who believe that a happier and healthier way of life is possible.
The Slow Food movement was founded the day that an Italian journalist, Carlo Petrini, saw that McDonald’s had opened a restaurant in a beautiful square in Rome. He thought it was sad that many people today live too quickly to sit down for a proper meal and only eat much fast food. He decided that he had to try to do something about it and so he started the Slow Food movement. Slow Food has become a global organization ever since and now has more than 80,000 members in 100 countries.
Slow Food also encourages people to eat local and regional food, to use local shops and markets, to eat out in small family restaurants, and to cook with traditional recipes.
The idea of Slow Cities was inspired by the Slow Food movement. The aim of Slow Cities is to improve people’s quality of life. Towns which want to become a Slow City have to reduce traffic and noise, increase the number of green areas, plant trees, build pedestrian zones, and promote local businesses and traditions. Now it has spread to other countries all over the world, from the UK to Japan and Australia. There are now 135 Slow Cities in 24 countries across the world that have been named since founding of the organization in 1999. Gao Chun County, in east China’s Jiangsu Province, is expected to be named the first “Slow City” in China next year.
“Slow Cities are about having a community life in the town,” said a local resident. “It is not ‘slow’ as in ‘stupid’. It is ‘slow’ as in the opposite of ‘worried’ and ‘stressful’.”
But not everybody is happy. For teenagers, who have to go 25km to Norwich, the nearest city, to buy CDs, living in a Slow City is not very attractive. “It’s all right here,” says Lewis Cook, 16. “But if you want excitement, you have to go to Norwich. We need more things here for young people.”
小題1:What’s the aim of the Slow Food movement?
A．To call on people to eat out.
B．To make people enjoy cooking.
C．To drive McDonald’s out of Rome
D．To encourage people to slow down.
小題2:All the following are necessary to be a Slow City EXCEPT ______.
A．reducing traffic and noise
B．increasing the number of green areas
C．building more department stores
D．promoting local businesses and traditions
小題3:From the fourth paragraph, we know that ______.
A．the Slow Food was founded in 1999
B．there is no Slow City in China now
C．Slow Cities are mainly in the UK
D．there are about 24 Slow Cities in the world
小題4:What’s Lewis Cook’s attitude to living in a Slow City?
A．PositiveB．NeutralC．NegativeD．Indifferent
小題5:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Slow down and you’ll move fast
B．Time flies never to be recalled.
C．Eat slowly and you’ll be healthy.
D．Pay attention to the quality of life.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Increasingly, over the past ten years, people--- especially young people –have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, especially processed food(加工過的食品), is not good for the health. As a result, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives(添加劑) and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers(化肥), widely used in farming today.
Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple words, this means that the soil has been nourished(給…營養(yǎng)) by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount—but not the quality—of foods grown in commercial farming area.
Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed move freely in healthy pastures(牧場). Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry(家禽)：there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.
There are other sides of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually unnecessary food. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals, and no fibre.
小題1:People have become more interested in natural foods because______.
A．they want to keep healthy
B．they want to taste all kinds of foods
C．natural foods are more delicious than processed foods
D．they want to return to nature
小題2:Chickens raised in poultry farms are all of the following EXCEPT that _____.
A．they are fed on food which is little better than garbage
B．they live in very crowded condition
C．the eggs they produce lack vitamins
D．they are allowed to move about and eat freely
小題3:According to the passage, ______.
A．people can only find sugar to give them energy
B．sugar is bad for the health
C．the use of sugar is habit forming
D．sugar only sweetens food, but provides us with nothing useful

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

LONDON—Life for Cathy Hagner and her three children is set to permanent(永久的) fast-forward.
Their full school day and her job as a lawyer's assistant are busy enough. But Hagner also has to take the two boys to soccer or hockey or basketball while dropping off her daughter at piano lessons or Girl Scout Club.
Often, the exhausted family doesn't get home until 7 pm. There is just time for a quick supper before homework. In today's world, middle-class American and British parents treat their children as if they are competitors racing for some finishing line.
Parents take their children from activity to activity in order to make their future bright. It seems that raising a genius has become a more important goal than raising a happy and well-balanced child.
"Doctors across the country are reporting a growing number of children suffering from stomachaches and headaches due to exhaustion and stress," says child expert William Doherty of the University of Minnesota.
Teachers are dealing with exhausted kids in the classroom. It's a very serious problem. Many children attend after-school clubs by necessity. But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities. They include sports, language, music and math classes for children as young as four.
"There is a new parenting trend under way which says that you have to tap all your child's potential at a young age; otherwise you will let him down,” says Terry Alter, a Cambridge-based child and adolescent psychiatrist （青少年精神病專家）
"It isn't entirely new: there have always been pushy parents. But what was previously seen as strange behaviour is now well accepted."
小題1:From the second paragraph of this passage we can find that ______.
A．Hagner wastes much time helping her children's lessons
B．Hagner doesn't spend much time on her full-time job
C．Hagner is interested in spots and music
D．Hagner busies herself by following a trend
小題2:British parents, as the writer described in this passage, _____.
A．treat their children as spots players
B．pay no attention to their children's lessons
C．bring up their children in a simple way
D．give their children little time to develop freely
小題3:The writer's opinion about after-school clubs is that ______.
A．a(chǎn)ctivities in the country are too competitive
B．children should attend four clubs at a time
C．some clubs result in competitive pressures
D．clubs should have more subjects for school children
小題4:The last paragraph tells us that in Britain ______.
A．parents used to take their children to every club
B．parents used to be wise on how to raise children
C．parents have all benefited from children's clubs
D．parents have come to know the standard of education

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Long ago, operation usually had to be done while the sick man could feel everything. The sick man had to be held down on a table by force while the doctors did their best to save him. He could feel all the pain if his leg or arm was being cut off, and his fearful cries filled the room and the hearts of those who watched.
Soon after 1770, Josept Priestley discovered a gas which is now called “l(fā)aughing gas”. Laughing gas became known in America. Young men and women went to parties to try it. Most of them spent their time laughing, but one man at a party, Horace Wells, noticed that people didn’t seem to feel pain when they were using this gas. He decided to make an experiment on himself．He asked a friend to help him．
Wells took some of the gas, and his friend pulled out one of Wells’ teeth. Wells felt no pain at all.
As he didn’t know enough about laughing gas, he gave a man less gas than he should have. The man cried out with pain when his tooth was being pulled out. 
Wells tried again, but this time he gave too much of the gas, and the man died. Wells never forgot this terrible event.
小題1:Long ago，when the sick man was operated on, he _________．
A．could feel nothingB．could not want anything
C．could feel all the painD．could do anything
小題2:Using the laughing gas, the people did not seem to _________．
A．be afraid of anythingB．feel painC．want to go to the partiesD．be ill
小題3:If a man took less laughing gas than he should have when an operation went on, he _________．
A．felt nothingB．felt very comfortable
C．still felt painD．would die
小題4:One who took too much of the laughing gas _________．
A．would laugh all the timeB．would be very calm
C．would never feel painD．would die.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

The findings come ___36___ a study of nearly 1,000 US people that looked at diet, calorie intake and body mass index (BMI) - a measure of obesity.___37___ is found that those who ate chocolate a few times a week were, on ___38___, slimmer than those ___39___ ate it occasionally. Even though chocolate is loaded with calories, it contains ingredients（材料）that may favour weight loss ___40___ than fat synthesis, scientists believe.___41___ boosting calorie intake, regular chocolate consumption was related to lower BMI in the study, ___42___ is published in Archives of Internal Medicine. The link remained even when other factors, like how ___43___ exercise individuals did, were taken into ___44___.And it appears it is how often you eat chocolate that is important, rather than how much of it you eat. The ___45___ found no link with quantity consumed.
___46___ to the researchers, there is only one chance in a hundred that their findings could be explained by chance alone. Lead author Dr Beatrice Golomb, from the University of California at San Diego, said: "Our findings appear to add to a body of information suggesting that the composition of calories, not just the number of them, matters for determining their ultimate impact on weight."This is not the first time scientists ___47___ that chocolate may be healthy for us. Other studies have claimed chocolate may be good for the heart. Consumption of certain types of chocolate has been linked to some favourable changes in blood pressure, insulin（胰島素）sensitivity and cholesterol（膽固醇）level. And chocolate, ___48___ dark chocolate, does contain antioxidants（抗氧化劑）which can help to mop up harmful free radicals - unstable chemicals that can damage our cells.
Dr Golomb and her team believe that antioxidant compounds, called catechins（兒茶素）, can improve lean muscle mass and reduce weight  ___49___ studies in rodents would suggest this might be so. Mice ___50___ for 15 days with epicatechin (present in dark chocolate) had improved exercise performance and observable changes to their muscle composition.They say clinical trials are now needed in humans to see ___51___ this is the case.
But before you reach ___52___ a chocolate bar, there are still lots of unanswered questions. And in the absence of conclusive evidence, experts advise caution.While there's no harm in allowing yourself a treat like ___53___ now and again, eating too much might be harmful because it often ___54___ a lot of sugar and fat too.And if you are looking to change your diet, you are ___55___ to benefit most from eating more fresh fruits and vegetables.
小題1:
A．toB．inC．from D．with
小題2:
A．AsB．ItC．WhichD．What
小題3:
A．wholeB．a(chǎn)verageC．generalD．short
小題4:
A．who B．that C．whichD．why
小題5:
A．otherB．ratherC．less D．more
小題6:
A．ThoughB．Even ifC．when D．Despite
小題7:
A．that B．whichC．whereD．when
小題8:
A．muchB．oftenC．long D．many
小題9:
A．thoughtsB．mind C．a(chǎn)ccountD．effect
小題10:
A．newsB．reportC．study D．book
小題11:
A．AccordingB．BasedC．ReplyD．Response
小題12:
A．had suggestedB．suggestedC．have suggestedD．suggest
小題13:
A．speciallyB．particularlyC．luckilyD．unfortunately
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)t leastB．a(chǎn)t mostC．in factD．by accident
小題15:
A．feedingB．fedC．to feedD．feed
小題16:
A．if B．what C．whyD．that
小題17:
A．outB．forC．with D．into
小題18:
A．noodlesB．chocolateC．rice D．nuts
小題19:
A．includesB．takesC．a(chǎn)bsorbsD．contains
小題20:
A．probableB．possible C．likelyD．a(chǎn)bout

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In 1955, a man named Raymond Kroc together with two brothers named McDonald opened a popular restaurant in California which sold food that was easy to prepare and serve quickly. Hamburgers, French fries, and cold drinks were the main food there. Kroc opened similar eating places under the same name, “McDonald’s”, and they were an instant success. He later took over the company, and today it is one of the most famous and successful “fast-food” in America and around the world.
Why was his idea successful? Probably the most important reason was that his timing was right. In the 1950s, most married women stayed home to keep house and take care of their children. In the 1960s, many women returned to the workplace. This meant that they had less time or energy to prepare meals, so they spent more on “ TV dinners ” and fast-food restaurants. Single parents also have little time to spend in the kitchen. People living alone also depend on this type of food, since cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth.
Fast-food is not part of the diet of all Americans. Another trend of the 1960s, sometimes called the back-to-nature movement influenced many people to avoid food that was packaged (包裝) or processed(處理). This preference for natural food continued to this day.
From the success of Raymond Kroc’s fast-food business, we can say that social economic trends influence where and what we eat.
小題1:The underlined sentence “Cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth” means that ______.
A．cooking for some people is worth more money
B．it is not worthwhile to take too much time to cook for one person
C．there are more problems when one person cooks
D．cooking for one person cost more money
小題2:Para 3&4 seem to imply (暗示) that ________.
A．many married women began to work in the 1960s
B．natural foods are still popular today
C．fast food is not part of the diet of all Americans
D．divorce (離婚) causes people to change their eating habits
小題3:Which of the following is NOT the reason for McDonald’s success?
A．people living alone tend to depend on fast food
B．single parents have little time to spend in the kitchen
C．many women returned to the workplace in the 1960s
D．Kroc chose the “Mc Donald” brothers as his partners
小題4:The main purpose of the passage is to tell us________.
A．Raymond Kroc is the most successful fast-food business owner in the world
B．social and economic changes affect eating habits
C．fast-food is easy to prepare and serve quickly
D．Americans eat either fast food or natural food

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Are you nervous about climbing because you think it’s too dangerous? Do you feel you’re not fit enough to climb? Do you know how to start climbing?
Let’s consider the idea that climbing is dangerous. Being afraid is natural, but if you use suitable ropes and other climbing equipments you will feel completely safe. Climbers are usually very careful because they know what they are doing is dangerous. Accidents happen, but when they do, they tend to attract a lot of publicity. As a result, people think there are many more accidents than there are in reality.
You cannot expect to start climbing straight away. Climbing is a challenge and challenges take time. It is necessary first of all that you achieve a good level of fitness. Begin as soon as you become interested in climbing—go to the gym, go swimming, take up jogging and continue to do so throughout your training period.
Discover as much as you can about climbing. Visit the library and find books especially for beginners or buy climbing magazines and look for articles which describe your situation. Look up information on the Internet. Find out about equipment, methods and places to go.
Next, take a course on a climbing wall. There are plenty of climbing walls all over the country which have trained and qualified people as instructors. Call your local leisure centre to find out if there is one in your area. These training sessions are a quick way to get experience and you are likely to meet other beginners. After this, you can do an outside course or join a club where you can meet climbers of all abilities and eventually join in group-climbing events.
At first you may not understand the importance of a good training period, but after you have completed your first climb and you are standing safely at the top of a rock feeling thrilled, then you will know it was the right thing to do.
小題1:The article is written by ______.
A．a(chǎn) doctorB．a(chǎn)n experienced climber
C．a(chǎn) beginnerD．a(chǎn) fitness instructor
小題2:The writer thinks a new climber should ______.
A．begin by becoming fit
B．be aware of the causes of the accidents
C．have the courage to meet the challenges
D．do enough sports to get interested in climbing
小題3:By climbing walls you can ______.
A．join a club you like B．become qualified instructors
C．gain controlled experienceD．take part in group-climbing events
小題4:The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably means ______.
A．the climbB．the trainingC．the equipmentD．the achievement

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Psychology(心理學) has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy（療法） seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.
The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient's body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient's physical problems, but the patient's mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor's treatment must help the patient change that. Simonton's method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.
The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton's psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor（腫瘤） in the body. In the mental picture, the patient "sees" a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient's positive attitude fight the disease.
Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.
Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance（催眠狀態(tài)）. Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patient's mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.
Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic（慢性的）diseases. Asthma （哮喘） is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.
Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had Excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.
Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine.
小題1:What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children.
B．How modern therapy focuses on the disease.
C．Responses from the medical world.
D．How to use the mind against disease.
小題2:How does psychological therapy work?
A．The patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him.
B．The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patient's problems.
C．The doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease.
D．The patient uses his mind to cure himself.
小題3:What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.?
A. The medical treatment can cure the patient's mental disease.
B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.
C. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.
D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.
小題4:The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that            .
A．the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without it
B．the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cells
C．the patients' attitudes towards themselves have changed
D．the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them
小題5:It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to            .
A．help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseases
B．help the patients with chronic diseases
C．help change some bad habits
D．help cure patients of insomnia（失眠癥）
小題6:According to the passage, which of the following remains unknown so far?
A．The value of mental therapy.
B．The effectiveness of suggestion therapy.
C．The working principle of suggestion therapy.
D．The importance of psychology in medical treatment.

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