A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 36 of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 37 on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only 38 for truth. He always 39 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of 40 science may perhaps be considered to 41 as far back as the 42 of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who live 43 the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle 44 to suggest that we must learn science 45 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 46 many important discoveries.
Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later (1564-1642), was the greatest of several great men, 47 in Italy, France, Germany, or England, began by 48 to show how many important 49 could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 50 towards the earth than small ones, 51 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 52 of the leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 53 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo’s 54 of going direct to Nature, and proving our 55 and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
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【小題1】A
【小題2】B
【小題3】A
【小題4】B
【小題5】D
【小題6】A
【小題7】B
【小題8】C
【小題9】B
【小題10】B
【小題11】B
【小題12】A
【小題13】B
【小題14】A
【小題15】B
【小題16】B
【小題17】C
【小題18】D
【小題19】A
【小題20】B
解析試題分析：本文主要以某些科學(xué)家他們的做法為例來說明觀察和實驗在科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)中的重要性，科學(xué)真理必須以事實為根據(jù)，必須通過實踐來檢驗。
【小題1】考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. use 使用；B.time時間；C.speed速度；D. trust相信。make use of 利用;使用；make full use of 充分利用。根據(jù)A successful scientist is generally a good observer.他充分利用他觀察到的任何事實，故選A。
【小題2】考查動詞及語境的理解。A. worked 工作；B.based基礎(chǔ)；C.lived 居�。籇.written寫。be based on/upon 以……為基礎(chǔ)；基于…….根據(jù)He makes full 36 of the facts he observes.他不能接受不以事實為依據(jù)（be based on/upon）的觀點，故選B。
【小題3】考查名詞及語境的理解。A. reason原因；B.cause原因；C.advice建議；D.result結(jié)果。reason 能夠?qū)σ粋�事物的發(fā)生或它的性質(zhì)作出解釋的東西；它與for連用；cause 是導(dǎo)致一個事物發(fā)生的條件或原因。它與 of連用.根據(jù)句子意思，是指“不能接受某種權(quán)威來說明真理的合法性”，應(yīng)用reason。故選A。
【小題4】考查動詞及語境的理解。A. thinks認為；B.checks 檢查；C.has 有；D.learn學(xué)會。check. v. 證明無誤, 核對無誤。意思最恰當。他總是要檢查一下這個觀點并且做很多實驗來證明它，故選B。
【小題5】考查形容詞及語境的理解。A. natural 自然的；B.physical 物理的；C.ancient古代的；D.modern現(xiàn)代的。根據(jù)最后一句話中has led to all the discoveries of modern science. 的modern science“現(xiàn)代科學(xué)”，此處選modern意思最恰當。故選D。
【小題6】考查動詞及語境的理解。 A. date日期；date back 詞組，意為“回溯至”。 B.keep 保持；C.look 看；D.take拿�，F(xiàn)代科學(xué)的時代最遠能追溯到（date back）培根時代，故選A。
【小題7】考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. study 學(xué)習(xí)；B.time n. 這里指“時代，年代”。C. year 年；D.birth出生�，F(xiàn)代科學(xué)的時代最遠能追溯到（date back）培根時代（time），故選B。
【小題8】考查代詞及語境的理解。A. both 兩者都；B.each每個；C.between與and連用，表示“在……和……之間”;D.among表示三者以上。培根生活在1214-1292期間，故選C。
【小題9】考查名詞及語境的理解。A. Schools學(xué)校； B.Ages，The Middle Ages n.中世紀；中古時代，專有名詞。C.Days天；D.Count計數(shù)；他可能是中古時代（he Middle Ages）的第一個讓我們通過對我們周圍事物的觀察和實驗來學(xué)科學(xué)，故選B。
【小題10】考查介詞及語境的理解。by + doing 表示“通過做……（的途徑）”，慣用法；with + sth 表示“用……（來做……）”。他可能是中古時代的第一個讓我們通過對我們周圍事物的觀察和實驗來學(xué)科學(xué)，故選B。
【小題11】考查動詞及語境的理解。make, do 與名詞有固定搭配關(guān)系：do + one’s best / one’s duty / sb a favour / harm / good /…；make + a discovery / an appointment / arrangements / a bed / a change / a decision…這里是make discoveries他自己有了很大的發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選B。
【小題12】考查連詞及語境的理解。 A. who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾 great men ； B.when在定語從句中只能作狀語；C.that 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句； D.where在定語從句中只能作狀語；根據(jù)句意故選 A。
【小題13】考查名詞及語境的理解。A. ways 方法；B.degrees， by degrees 詞組，相當于副詞，意為：逐漸地。C.levels 水平；D.chance機會。伽利略逐漸地顯示出通過觀察而得到的事實是多么地重要，故選B。
【小題14】考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. truths 事實；B.problems問題；C. people人們； D. subjects學(xué)科。根據(jù)上文意思，He doesn’t accept ideas which are not on obvious facts應(yīng)為：truths. 事實, 真理, 原理，故選A。
【小題15】考查副詞及語境的理解。 A. slowly慢慢地；B.rapidly迅速地； C.lightly輕輕地； D.heavily重重地。rapidly. adv. 快，迅速地。意思最恰當。根據(jù)常識在伽利略以前有學(xué)問的科學(xué)家都認為大的物體比小的物體落地要快，故選B。
【小題16】考查連詞及語境的理解。A. although 盡管；B.because因為； C.when當……時候； D.If如果。根據(jù)句子意思，應(yīng)為because conj. 因為在伽利略以前有學(xué)問的科學(xué)家都認為大的物體比小的物體落地要快，因為亞里士多德是這樣說的，故選 B。
【小題17】考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. place地方；B. foot腳； C. top頂部；D. ceiling天花板。根據(jù)常識但是伽利略走到比薩的斜塔的頂部，拿著兩個不等重量的石頭，要證明亞里士多德是錯誤的，故選C。
【小題18】考查形容詞及語境的理解。A. big大的；B. small小的； C. equal相等的；D.unequal不等的。根據(jù)上文Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more towards the earth than small ones, Aristotle said so. 可知他必須拿著不同大小的球做實驗來證明，故選D。
【小題19】考查名詞及語境的理解。A. spirit精神；B. skill 技術(shù)； C. theory 理論；D. discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)。spirit of going direct to Nature對自然不斷探索的精神。 science spirit 科學(xué)精神；world spirit時代精神, 世界潮流。根據(jù)上文可知伽利略對自然不斷探索的精神，故選A。
【小題20】考查名詞及語境的理解。A. plans計劃； B. opinions 意為“觀點”，“通過實驗證明我們的觀點和理論”。 C. world世界； D. ability 能力。通過實驗來證明我們的觀點和理論，從而導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的出現(xiàn)，故選B。
考點：科普類短文。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
A few days ago I got a call from my old college friend whom I haven’t seen for a very long time. The topic, which was about all the good old times that we had changed to a touching story when he started talking about his father.
His father’s declining health made him stay at the hospital. Because of his illness, his father suffered from insomnia(失眠) and often talked to himself. My friend, who had not been able to sleep for a few days as he had to keep watching his father’s condition, became irritated and told his father to keep silent and try to get some sleep. His father said that he really wanted to sleep well because he was very tired and told my friend to leave him alone in the hospital if he did not want to keep him company.
After his father finished talking, he fell unconscious. My friend was very sorry for speaking the ill words towards his father. My friend, whom I knew as a tough person, cried as a baby on the other end of the telephone. He said that from that moment on, he prayed every day, asking God to let his father wake up from his coma. He promised himself that whatever words came out from his father’s mouth after he regained his consciousness, he would gladly take them. His only hope for God was to give him a chance to rectify his past mistake.
Often, we complain when we have to accompany or watch over our parents for years, months, days, hours or even minutes. But do we realize that our parents keep us company and watch over us for as long as we (or they)live? From the day we were born to our adulthood, and even when deaths come to us, they are always at our side.
Imagine how sad our parents will be when they hear a seemingly innocent word of “no” come out from our mouths. We can make promises to ourselves that from now on there will be no more complaints that come out from our mouths when we have to watch over or accompany our parents. No more complaints come out from our mouths when we feel that our parents have treated us like little children. There are so many unlucky ones who have neither fathers nor mothers. They long to have the things that we most complain about, but never have them.
Actually, it takes only a second to think and light the lamp that will bring us to a place where peace is dwelling.
【小題1】Which of the following word can be used to describe the writer’s friend?
| A．Sad | B．Sorry | C．Regretful | D．Pitiful |
| A．put…right | B．recite…by heart | C．realize | D．recognize |
| A．Your parents will keep talking to themselves when they are old. |
| B．Be good to your parents when you still have the chance. |
| C．You will regret in your life if you don’t show your kindness to your parents. |
| D．It is not easy to take good care of sick old parents. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
"Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me."
You probably heard those lines in grammar school, but do you really agree that harsh (嚴厲的) or negative words do not harm us? Words have power. Surely we all have had our feelings hurt by something someone said.
We may not say words to hurt others, but the way we interpret (解釋) them and how we say them may cause great harm. Here’s an example:
An ancient king dreamed all his teeth had fallen out. He sent for a wise man to explain his dream to him: the dream means that all your relatives will die and you will be left alone!
The king was very angry and threw the interpreter into prison. He then sent for another interpreter who said, "Congratulations! King! You will live many more years. In fact, you will survive all your relatives. Long Live the King!"
Both interpreters gave the same interpretation, but there was a huge difference in the way they said it.
Our speech must be understood by those who hear our words, but the way we say things and the intention behind them have as much power as the words themselves. Words can cause anger or appreciation. Which would you rather receive?
People who say harsh and negative things may not mean to harm, but have you ever known anyone who is a naysayer? They often look at the dark sides of things. They always see the glass as half empty rather than half full. How do you feel when you are around this type of person? Remember words have power. Use them wisely.
【小題1】The author mentions the story of the ancient king to show that _____.
| A．one dream sometimes has different explanations |
| B．good words can bring good luck to people |
| C．people should be careful when talking to a king |
| D．different ways of saying things have different effects |
| A．has a negative attitude | B．likes to be praised |
| C．talks big | D．likes to repeat what others say |
| A．By sharing different life experiences |
| B．By accepting different habits. |
| C．By properly using words |
| D．By recognizing different values. |
| A．show how the dark sides of things affect people |
| B．a(chǎn)dvise people to see and say things positively |
| C．show how harsh and negative words hurt people |
| D．a(chǎn)dvise people to stay away from negative people |
| A．the power of words | B．the cruelty of the king |
| C．how to understand others | D．how to build good relationships |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition . Some value it highly , believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity . Others say that competition is bad ; that it sets one person against another ; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people .
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied (依賴)on how well they performed at tennis and other skills . For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit ( 追求)of success , the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten .
However ，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed , others take an opposite attitude .In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players , they strongly blame competition . Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society . Teaching these young people . I often observe in them a desire to fail . They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success . By not trying , they always have an excuse : “I may have lost . but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try . “What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot . Such a loss would be a measure of their worth . Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves . Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others . Both are afraid of not being valued . Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition .
【小題1】What does this passage mainly talk about ?
| A．Competition helps to set up self-respect . |
| B．Opinions about competition are different among people |
| C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development . |
| D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition |
| A．It pushes society forward . | B．It builds up a sense of duty . |
| C．It improves personal abilities . | D．It encourages individual efforts |
| A．those who try their best to win |
| B．those who value competition most highly |
| C．those who are against competition most strongly |
| D．those who rely on others most for success |
| A．Every effort should be paid back . |
| B．Competition should be encouraged . |
| C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter . |
| D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：單選題
While learning the science lessons, I used to get a doubt--why ear, nose, tongue and eyes should be called as special senses? The basic reason is that these are the channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings. Though apparently it may feel like these are individual sensory organs, they do show some connectivity. Interestingly, our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food. Isn’t it good for a sound nap after a stomach-full meal? That does not mean we go deaf after a meal, but the hearing pitch（強度）does change after a heavy meal.
We usually give credit of the taste to our tongue, but do you know that unless saliva（唾液）dissolves something, our tongue cannot recognize the taste of the food eaten. Taste is nothing but the food chemicals dissolved in the saliva being sensed by the taste buds（味蕾）present on the tongue. Try to dry off your tongue and mouth with a tissue paper and then taste something.
Women are much better smellers than men. They are born with this characteristic ability and can correctly recognize the exact fragrance of the sample. We all can store almost 50,000 different smells, which are strongly tied to the memories.
Pupils（瞳孔）do not respond to light alone, but to the slightest bit of noise around too. Thus surgeons, watchmakers and those professionals who have to perform a much delicate job do prefer to have a sound-free environment. Even a small noise can enlarge their pupils, change the focus and make their vision less clear.
Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell, which is unique to us, except the twins. This smell is very subtle yet can be sensed even by a newborn. It may be due to this smell that the newborn recognizes the presence of his parents around.
【小題1】What may happen after you have had a rich lunch?
| A．Your eyes become weak and can not see well. |
| B．You may feel energetic and fresh. |
| C．Your hearing pitch may be decreased. |
| D．Your tongue may lose the function of taste. |
| A．Our tongues can’t be dried while eating something. |
| B．If your tongue is dried without any saliva on it, it will not work. |
| C．A tissue paper is the only thing that can be used to dry our tongues. |
| D．If your tongue is dried with a tissue paper, it may work as well as before. |
| A．The number of sensory organs. |
| B．The functions of sensory organs. |
| C．The particular smell of a person. |
| D．The style of one’s behavior. |
| A．The Sensitivity of Sensory Organs |
| B．The Functions and Connections of Sensory Organs |
| C．A Newborn’s Sensory Organs |
| D．Different Senses Between Men and Woman |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Researchers have developed new software using smart phones’GPS and imaging abilities that determine the exact location of distant objects as well as monitor the speed and direction of moving objects．The software could eventually allow smart phone-armed soldiers to target the location of their enemies．On the home front，the software could be used by everyone，including golfers judging distance to the green and biologists documenting the location of a rare animal without disturbing it．
“The great advantage of a Smartphone is that it provides so many tools in a single，readily available，relatively inexpensive package，”said Qia Wang，a doctoral student who led the development of the software．“For example，on the battlefield，a soldier needs a rangefinder，compass，GPS and other tools to get information before calling in an air strike．With our software，the soldier can have all those instruments in one device that can be purchased off the shelf．When that soldier returns from War，she can use the same Software to protect her family by clocking a speeder near her children’s school and catching the criminal on video．”
Wang and his colleagues developed their software to locate and track：
Targets of known size—when the size of the target is known．a(chǎn) single image is enough to pinpoint the target’s location．
Targets of unknown size—If the exact size of a target is unknown，the software uses two images to triangulate the location of the target·
Moving targets—By taking a short video of a moving target，the smartphone software can calculate how fast the target is moving and in what direction it is going.
“Currently，our software is limited by the physical abilities of smartphone hardware，but the devices are improving rapidly，”Wang said．“We expect that improvements in GPS accuracy，battery life and camera resolution will allow our software to make even more accurate observations．”
【小題1】．From Paragraph 1 we can know that the new software can_______.
| A．determine the speed of moving objects |
| B．1ocate objects in the distance exactly |
| C．defend soldiers against their enemies |
| D．help biologists protect rare animal |
| A．make an advertisement |
| B．describe the software briefly |
| C．show the benefits of the software |
| D．present the functions of smartphones |
| A．By taking a short video． | B．By locating its position. |
| C．By taking a single image． | D．By measuring real-life size. |
| A．Casual． | B．Optimistic． |
| C．Cautious． | D．Flexible |
| A．Qia Wang，a Talented Doctoral Student |
| B．Use Smartphones to Their Full Potential |
| C．Targeting and Tracking With Smartphones |
| D．Smartphone-armed Soldiers on the Battlefield |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
How do you know if your home is an easy aim for thefts? Around the holidays, many families don’t consider taking proper measures to prevent their homes from suffering holiday thefts. With just a few simple steps, you can better make sure of the safety of your home during all of the holiday celebrations. Here are a few tips for making it difficult to tell you are away from home.
●Either have a trusted neighbor pick up your mail and newspapers, or tell your mailperson to hold your mail until you return. Nothing says “Hey, we are not home!” like when your postbox is filled with all kinds of mails and you have many different newspapers in your driveway.
● Set several different lights in your house on random timers（隨機定時器）. Don't leave your outdoor lights on all the time. Instead, put your outside light on timers to be on during the nights. If an outdoor light remains on for days at a time, it means that nobody is home to turn it off.
● If you have pets that you are not taking with you on vacation, leave them with friend, rather than having someone come into your house every day to take care of them. When thefts see a neighbor or friend entering your house every day, they will know you are not home.
● Close all your curtains when you leave town. This is effective to deter possible thefts, as no one can see what is in your house. If they don't know what there is to take, then the risk is even greater for them to break in.
This article just has suggested a few tips to help you keep your house safe on holiday. Nothing can truly protect your home unless you have it monitored by a professional home security system.
【小題1】What is the main idea of the passage?
| A．To let the outdoor lights on all the time. |
| B．To tell us how to prevent the thefts around the holidays. |
| C．To tell us many families suffering from the thefts while they are on holiday. |
| D．To tell us to have our neighbor go to our house to take care of our pets. |
| A．be turned on only once a day |
| B．be kept on all the night |
| C．be replaced by random timers |
| D．be lit in an irregular way |
| A．Equip your home with security system. |
| B．Stop your mail service at once. |
| C．Turn to your close neighbors or friends. |
| D．Have all the curtains closed. |
| A．discover | B．surprise |
| C．discourage | D．a(chǎn)ttract |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
In the north of Scotland there is a lake called Loch Ness. It is the biggest lake in Britain. It is over thirty kilometres long and in places nearly 300 meters deep. It is cold and dark and not many people went there until after 1930. Then a road was made around the lake. Holiday makers began to use the road, and this was when the stories began.
Someone said that he had seen a monster in the lake. He said it was twelve meters long. It had a long neck and a small head. Then someone else said he had seen it. Others said the same thing and in 1933 a London doctor took a photo. It looked like a monster with a long neck and a thick body but the photo was not dear. The newspapers printed the picture and called it the Loch Ness monster, or "Nessie".
Then the argument began. Some people, however, were certain there was something living in the lake. Others said there was nothing there.
In 1961, a lot of people joined together to make a real effort to see and photograph the monster if there was one! Several times people thought they saw something but after ten years there was still no real proof.
Later underwater television cameras were used, but no one found any real proof. However, they did find something interesting: a huge underwater cave. It was big enough to be home of a monster, but of course, this was not a proof.
In 1975, however, some American scientists formed a search group. They used an underwater camera. It took pictures every seventy seconds. Some of the pictures seemed to show a red-brown creature. Its body was about four meters long and had a very ugly head on the end of a four meter neck. Many people then began to believe in the monster. But even today we can not be certain.
【小題1】Before 1930, ____.
| A．few people went to Loch Ness Lake |
| B．many people had been there |
| C．nobody went to the lake |
| D．nobody knew about the lake |
| A．It looked like a horse. |
| B．It was a creature with a long neck and a small head. |
| C．It looked beautiful. |
| D．It was tiny and pretty. |
| A．An American |
| B．A television camera |
| C．A holiday-maker |
| D．A doctor from London |
| A．found the monster itself |
| B．found a huge cave under water |
| C．believed that there wasn't any monster at all |
| D．took some pictures which seemed to show a monster |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
You can’t hide a natural disaster from children, so how do we prepare them for it? First of all, you should explain to them that acts of nature aren’t necessarily disasters but can become one. These may include floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, winter storms, wild fires, and earthquakes. The way to prepare children for these disasters is to educate them about what each type is and then make it fun by making them “Disaster Masters” or whatever title you can think of.
Making them a Disaster Master won’t be easy. They must know what’s in a disaster emergency kit(工具箱) and why it’s included. You can get your friends involved, too. If your friends have children, they may want to be involved in your emergency preparations. Make it a group project. This is the opportunity for everyone to become familiar with the equipment.
We have to be aware of our conduct and the way we react to stress. The children will be easily influenced by your attitude and demeanor. The calmness, steady manner, and good humor of your spouse (配偶) and you will go a long way toward the easing or the reduction of stress.
Explain to them what they’re likely to encounter or see and describe how people may react. Disasters can come and go very quickly and generally don’t last long. If you must stay away from home, try to get into a routine quickly and encourage them to make new friends. Let them know they can look to their parents and other adults if they become scared or confused. And it’s important to let them know it’s OK to cry during a disaster.
It’s sometimes helpful to let the children draw pictures of what they’ve experienced. Encourage them to write what they learned and what could have been done better. Save the story. Make it part of a documented family history!
【小題1】This passage was written mainly to tell us about ______.
| A．the importance of mutual help in disaster preparation |
| B．tips for preparing children for a natural disaster |
| C．the importance of educating children about natural disasters |
| D．ways to raise children’s courage in natural disasters |
| A．when a natural disaster will come |
| B．why there are natural disasters |
| C．how to use a disaster emergency kit |
| D．how to teach others about emergency preparations |
| A．personality | B．lifestyle |
| C．emotion | D．behavior |
| A．must write down what they see and how they feel |
| B．should believe that the disaster will never last long |
| C．can cry if they are frightened |
| D．should help other children despite the danger |
| A．parents | B．young children |
| C．teachers | D．college students |
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