The Healthy Habits Survey shows that only about one third of American seniors(年長(zhǎng)者) have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
·Finding：About 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
·Step：Remove the 300 kinds of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2.How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
·Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number that doctors advise.
·Step：We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day-often inviting germs（病菌）to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs?
·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
·Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge（海綿）that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
【小題1】What is found out about American seniors?
| A．Most of them have good habits. |
| B．Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week . |
| C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected . |
| D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day |
| A．twice a day | B．three times a day |
| C．four times a day | D．eight times a day |
| A．We should stop touching our faces. |
| B．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet. |
| C．There are less than 300 kinds of bacteria in the mouth. |
| D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle. |
【小題1】D
【小題2】D
【小題3】B
解析試題分析：本文是關(guān)于健康習(xí)慣的調(diào)查。在一天刷幾次牙，洗手沐浴幾次，以及多久考慮過(guò)和細(xì)菌戰(zhàn)斗一次等方面，描述了一些美國(guó)老年人的習(xí)慣并給出了專家建議。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知大約三分之一的美國(guó)老年人一天只刷一次牙，故選D
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day----half of the number doctors recommend.”一天洗4次手是專家建議的一半，可知專家建議每天洗8次手。故答案選D
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海綿)that can carry more germs than anything else?”可知廚房里的海綿比任何其他東西（包括廁所）攜帶的細(xì)菌都多。所以B是正確的。
考點(diǎn)：健康保健類閱讀。
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People around the world drink about 180 billion liters of soda a year. That translates to more than 29 liters per person. Experts say the amount of carbonated soft drinks we consume(消費(fèi)) is growing. New research from the American Heart Association finds that drinking soda, even diet soda, may significantly increase your risk for heart disease. Dr. Ramachandran Vasan led the study. "Drinking just one or more sodas a day may not be as innocuous as people think."
In a large study of 9,000 people, doctors discovered that those who drank one or more sodas a day had a 30% increased risk for obesity(肥胖), a 25% increase in the risk for abnormal(非正常的) blood sugar levels, and a 32% increase in the odds of having low levels of good cholesterol(膽固醇).
All of these factors increase the risk for heart disease. And there was no difference in the results for those who drank diet soda over regular soda. It’s something that surprised even the researchers.
Critics of the study say diet soda may not be the cause of increased risk of heart disease. Connie Diekman is president of the American Dietetic Association. "It does not conclusively say that this will cause that."
In other words, it could be that unhealthy people like soda. Dr. Vasan found those who drink soda generally tend to have greater caloric intake. They eat more saturated fat and trans fats. They also eat less fiber and exercise less. Diet soda drinkers may also share this unhealthy lifestyle. Dr. Vasan agrees that the link he found between heart disease risk and diet soda needs additional study.
【小題1】 What does the underlined word “innocuous” in the first paragraph probably mean?
| A．popular. | B．harmless. | C．effective. | D．risky. |
| A．Only people who overdrink sodas have high risk for heart disease. |
| B．In the study, about one quarter of people have high blood level. |
| C．Both regular and diet sodas can probably increase the risk for heart disease. |
| D．Dr. Vasan is the leader of the American Heart Association. |
| A．All the experts agree with the results of the study. |
| B．Sodas of any kind are certain to increase the risk for heart disease. |
| C．People have expected the results of the research. |
| D．More studies are needed to prove the results. |
| A．By comparing opinions. | B．By giving advice. |
| C．By showing facts. | D．By discussing information. |
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“We need to take more seriously the possibility that a positive emotional style is a major player in disease risk,” says psychologist Sheldon Cohen, the study’s lead researcher.
In a previous study, Cohen and his colleagues found that people who tended to be cheerful and lively were least likely to develop sniffles, coughs, and other cold symptoms(癥狀).
Those findings were interesting, but they didn’t prove that a person’s attitude affects whether he or she gets sick. Instead, it was still probable that a person’s underlying personality is what matters.
Evidence suggests, for instance, that certain people are naturally more likely to be outgoing and optimistic, with high self-respect and a sense of control over life. This would mean that who we are, not how we feel, finally decides our chances of catching colds.
To figure out which mattered more (personality or emotions), the CMU team interviewed 193 healthy adults. The researchers talked to each person over the phone every evening for 2 weeks. They told the researchers about the positive and negative feelings they had experienced that day.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get infected. Their symptoms, however, differed depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the previous 2 weeks.
Among those who reported good moods and had been infected with the flu virus, for example, 28 percent developed coughs and stuffy(堵塞)noses. On the other hand, those symptoms struck 41 percent of people who had been less positive. Scientists argue about whether negative emotions or positive emotions have a stronger effect on how healthy we are. For now, it can’t hurt to look on the bright side more often than not!
【小題1】What is the text mainly about?
| A．how to get rid of colds | B．Attitude determines life |
| C．Smiles turn away colds | D．Different opinions about colds |
| A．ignorant | B．well-informed | C．energetic | D．in low spirits |
| A．health. | B．personality. | C．quality | D．mood |
| A．positiveemotionsareasgoodasnegativeemotions |
| B．itisnotnecessarilygoodforyouifyoualwayslookatproblemspositively |
| C．itwillbegoodforyourhealthtoalwayskeepupanoptimisticstateofmind |
| D．thesaying---everycoinhastwosides. |
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【小題1】We may learn from Paragraph 1 that_________.
| A．the decline of exercise rates is newly discovered |
| B．the study suggests 31% of female adults get too little exercise |
| C．the good enough data has been collected from only one country |
| D．the industrial revolution has changed the way people live to some degree |
| A．have little time to exercise |
| B．hate to get regular exercise |
| C．take more exercise to lose weight |
| D．exercise more than men in their country |
| A．powerful | B．rich | C．lazy | D．unpopular |
| A．Worldwide Lack of Enough Exercise |
| B．New Health Discovery |
| C．Evolvement of Human Beings |
| D．Benefits of Taking Exercise |
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Shakira Suglia, a famous expert, says they’ve found that children who drink the most soda are more than twice as likely as those who drink no soda to show signs of aggression.
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The aggressive behaviors include destroying possessions belonging to others, taking part in fights and physically attacking people.
The researchers have determined the link after considering factors like the child’s age and sex. They have also considered other possible influence, such as whether the boys and girls are eating sweets or giving fruit drinks on a normal day. In addition, the researchers have examined parenting styles and other social conditions that may be taking place in the home.
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【小題1】What section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?
| A．Scientific Technology | B．Science Fictions |
| C．Social News | D．Health Report |
| A．backward | B．unsocial | C．generous | D．friendly |
| A．a(chǎn)ge | B．sex | C．games | D．parents |
| A．Mothers were asked to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a three-month period. |
| B．4 percent of the youngsters have even four or fewer sodas to drink every day. |
| C．Children who drink no soda show fewer aggressive behaviors. |
| D．Children with the highest sugar levels tend to carry weapons and show signs of negative social behavior. |
| A．soft drinks | B．a(chǎn)ttention problems |
| C．caffeine | D．social conditions |
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Christian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called beri-beri. He was going there to try and find a cure.
At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (細(xì)菌) caused beri-beri. He raised some chickens. He didn’t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate — refined white rice (精煉米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery — that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (維生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a person’s food.
Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the food they eat. If they don’t, they can also take vitamin pills.
【小題1】The underlined word “cure” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______.
| A．a(chǎn) medical treatment | B．a(chǎn) kind of vitamin | C．a(chǎn) kind of germ | D．a(chǎn) kind of rice |
| A．spend his holiday |
| B．find ways to grow better crops |
| C．do some research about the island |
| D．help the Javanese with their illness |
| A．To eat them. |
| B．To carry out his experiments. |
| C．To give the Javanese a surprise. |
| D．To make money by selling them. |
| A．eat more rice | B．eat more meat | C．eat some chicken | D．eat vitamin pills |
| A．beri-beri was caused by chickens |
| B．the Javanese didn’t like vitamins |
| C．Christian Eijkman’s experiment was successful |
| D．the Javanese’s disease was caused by a kind of germ |
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Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being immediately by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no levels of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be serious. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed immediately. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated（輻射）and feel fine, then die for cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
【小題1】Which of the following statements is true?
| A．Nuclear radiation is just like common radio waves. |
| B．Nuclear radiation can cause cancer to human beings. |
| C．Nuclear radiation can be detected by human senses. |
| D．Nuclear radiation can be safe to human beings if its level is low. |
| A．By damaging its heart. | B．By killing a few cells. |
| C．By hitting any place in its body. | D．By killing many cells in important organs. |
| A．die of cancer after many years | B．die immediately |
| C．have a child who may be born weak | D．a(chǎn)ll of the above |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
C.O.P.D(慢性障礙性肺病) blocks air flow through the lungs. It makes breathing difficult. The leading cause of C.O.P.D. is cigarette smoking. Experts at the National Institutes of Health in the United States say there is no cure to the damage to the lungs.
Dawn Demeo is an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. She said, “By 2020, C.O.P.D. may be the third leading cause of death across the world.”
C.O.P.D. is a new name for emphysema（肺氣腫） and chronic bronchitis（慢性支氣管炎）. These are the two most common forms of the disease. Many people with C.O.P.D. have both of them. And Doctor Demeo says more women than men now die from the disease.
She is the lead author of a study by a team from Harvard’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the University of Bergen in Norway. The new study adds to findings that women may be more at risk than men from the damaging effects of smoking.
The team examined results from a Norwegian study of 954 people with C.O.P.D. Inga-Cecilie Soerheim co-wrote the team’s findings. Doctor Soerheim says they show that women suffered the same level of C.O.P.D.as men. But the female smokers were younger and had smoked a lot less.
The team also looked at two groups among the people in the study. These were people under the age of 60 and those who had smoked for less than 20 years. In both cases, women had more serious C.O.P.D. and a greater loss of lung function (功能）than men.
【小題1】Which of the following statements about C.O.P.D is NOT true ______.
A. Cigarette smoking is likely to cause C.O.P.D.
B. C.O.P.D. makes it hard for a person to breathe
C. C.O.P.D will be one of the most life-threatening diseases.
D. Many people with C.O.P.D. have either emphysema or chronic bronchitis.
【小題2】It can be known from the study that_____.
A. female smokers die faster than male ones.
B. women are more likely to suffer from the damaging effects of smoking than men.
C. women who suffer the same level of C.O.P.D as men were older and weaker.
D. in the group of people under the age of 60, men suffered more from C.O.P.D than women.
【小題3】Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A .Smoking Kills
B. Smoking Triggers Diseases
C. The Leading Causes of C.O.P.D.
D. Women Suffers More from C.O.P.D. than Men
【小題4】In which part of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?
| A．Science | B．Health report | C．Education | D．Business report |
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Feel tired lately? Has a doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.
Then , consider this: you might be in a state of sub - health （亞健康）.
Sub - health, also called the third state or gray state, is explained as a borderline state between health and disease.
According to the survey by the National Health Organization, Over 45 percent of sub - healthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam week.
Symptoms （征兆）include a shortage of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia （失眠）and poor memory , Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
The key to preventing and recovering from sub - health, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, ale mate work and rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities.
As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar . They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish because they are rich in nutritional elements - vitamins and trace elements - that are important to the body.
Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract （消化道）. They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub - health.
【小題1】When you are in a state of sub - health, you should________.
| A．stay home and keep silent |
| B．go to a doctor and buy some medicine |
| C．not consider it very serious |
| D．find out the reasons and relax yourself |
| A．they have used up their energy |
| B．they have lost their living hopes |
| C．they have more pressure in life and work. |
| D．they have changed their way of life |
| A．keep on working regularly | B．go to sleep a bit earlier |
| C．form good living habits | D．take medicine if necessary |
| A．we should never eat meat |
| B．we should have variety of food |
| C．we should eat less than usual |
| D．we should have meals without sugar |
| A．a(chǎn)rrange by turns | B．cause to take place |
| C．make up for | D．keep away from |
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