Many of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all.
We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors.
It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage（野人） is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently—this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done—is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized people ought to be able to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has it won, but because it has won, it had been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might（權利） is right.
小題1:The author thinks that the conquerors and generals and soldiers ________.
A．only appear glorious in history books
B．a(chǎn)re greater than any other people
C．a(chǎn)re not as great as described in history books
D．do not really help civilization forward
小題2:As it is indicated in the passage, the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier is put on the highest pillars in the great cities of the world mainly because ________.
A．people respect them very much
B．they fought bravely to protect their cities
C．people think they fought too brutally（野蠻地）
D．they conquered many cities and countries
小題3:What is the writer’s attitude towards the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries ?
A．Positive.B．Critical.C．Ironic.D．Respectful.
小題4:The author says that civilized people________.
A．should not have any quarrels to settle
B．should not fight when there are no quarrels to settle
C．should settle their quarrels without fighting
D．should settle their quarrels by killing the other side

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:C
文章講述的是通過戰(zhàn)爭，通過屠殺，通過暴力來獲得的成功都是不文明的，文明的人不會通過打斗在解決問題。
小題1:推理判斷題，根據(jù)第一段可知，真正推動歷史前進的人都沒有被提到，所以提到的不是真正推動歷史進步的人。
小題2:推理判斷題，根據(jù)第二段People think a great deal of them可知，人們對他們評價很高，尊重他們
小題3:推理判斷題，根據(jù)最后一段可知作者認為這些做法都是不文明的，所以作者的態(tài)度是批評性的。
小題4:事實細節(jié)題，根據(jù)最后一段and civilized people ought to be able to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won可知
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