Life in space will certainly take some getting used to！But the space station has been designed to keep the astronauts as comfortable as possible—the modules(艙) are roomy，bright，and kept at a constant 70 degrees Fahrenheit.It’s important the crew members are comfortable because they’ll be busy aboard the station.In a typical workday，crew members will spend 14 hours working and exercising,1.5 hours preparing and eating meals，and 8.5 hours sleeping.Here are some other fun facts about life aboard the station：
Food
Come mealtime，astronauts will have a special dining kitchen.Space food just keeps getting better—and more like food we enjoy here on Earth.In early space missions，astronauts could eat only freeze­dried food that didn’t require any preparation.But the space station is equipped with water，microwave ovens，and refrigerators，allowing the folks on board to eat more “normal” types of food，including fruit，vegetables，and ice cream!
Sleep
Each crew member has a private room.With no gravity，they’ll need to tie themselves to their beds，or they will float away！That might sound like a strange way to sleep，but astronauts from past space missions report that sleeping in space is actually pretty great!
Exercise
You might not think it，but exercise is even more important on the station than it is on Earth.There is not much gravity in space.Astronauts don’t stand up，sit down or walk in space，so their muscles and bones don’t have to work much—and this muscle and bone loss can be dangerous back on Earth.To fight this，astronauts on the station will exercise on bikes，rowing machines，and other equipment about two hours every day.
Clothing
Astronauts will have to wear special space suits while traveling aboard the U．S.shuttle or Russian rockets.But once they’re safe inside the space station，crew members can wear regular clothing.Of course，a specially designed，pressurized space suit is required for space walks.It has to withstand(經(jīng)受住) flying pieces and protect the astronauts from dramatic temperature changes.It can range from 120 degrees below Fahrenheit in the shadow of the station to 250 degrees in the hot sun.
Personal Cleanliness
Simple tasks like brushing your teeth can be challenging in a weightless environment.A little water doesn’t flow in a stream—it suspends in a bubble！Astronauts will use a freshwater hose(軟管) to take showers，shampoo，and wash off—then a second vacuum hose to suction(吸) off the dirty water.And how do you go to the bathroom in space？With a special “air toilet” that uses flowing air instead of water to dispose of waste.
小題1:The facts about life in space are all mentioned EXCEPT ________.
A．clothingB．entertainment
C．sleepD．exercise
小題2:What can be learned from the paragraph “Clothing”？
A．The temperature is quite different in different places in space.
B．Astronauts must wear special space suits all the time in space.
C．Astronauts can wear regular clothing for space walks now.
D．Astronauts wear pressurized space suits just to keep warm.
小題3:Why is exercise more important in space than on earth?
A．It can make astronauts feel relaxed in space.
B．It can help astronauts spend their spare time happily.
C．Astronauts’ lives are more important in space than on earth.
D．It can prevent astronauts from causing muscle and bone loss.
小題4:What do we know about space food from the text?
A．Astronauts could eat apples in space in the past.
B．Astronauts eat only fruit，vegetables and ice cream now.
C．Fresh food isn’t available to astronauts in space.
D．Space food is getting better now than before.

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:D
小題4:A

小題1:B
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文可知，第三段是關(guān)于sleep；第四段是關(guān)于exercise；第五段是關(guān)于clothing，文章并未提到宇航員的娛樂活動(entertainment)，故答案為B項。
小題2:D
解析　推理判斷題。第二段第二句指出，太空食物越來越像我們在地球上所吃的食物，接著指出在過去宇航員只能吃凍干的食物，但現(xiàn)在能吃水果蔬菜等平常食物。由此判斷，太空食物比過去好了。
小題3:D
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第三、四句“...their muscles and bones don’t have to work much—and this muscle and bone loss can be dangerous back on Earth.To fight this...”可知，由于太空無重力，人不用坐立行走，運(yùn)動的機(jī)會極少，容易給人的肌肉及骨頭造成危害，因此宇航員必須每天鍛煉兩小時，由此可知正確答案為D項。
小題4:A
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“It can range from 120 degrees below Fahrenheit in the shadow of the station to 250 degrees in the hot sun.”可知，太空中不同地方溫差是非常大的，故答案為A項。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels，yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for.We do know，however，that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.
The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia.It is over 5,100 years old.Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn’t become popular for a while，though.This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.
But it could also be because of a difficult situation.While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces，roads with smooth surfaces weren’t going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.Eventually，road surfaces did become smoother，but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.
In the mid­1700s，a Frenchman came up with a new design of road—a base layer(層) of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones.A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong，lasting road surface became a reality.At around the same time，metal hubs (the central part of a wheel)came into being，followed by the pneumatic tyre(充氣輪胎) in 1846.Alloy wheels were invented in 1967，sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路)．As wheel design took off，vehicles got faster and faster.                          (2013·重慶，C)
小題1:What might explain why transport wheels didn’t become popular for some time?
A．Few knew how to use transport wheels.
B．Humans carried farming tools just as well.
C．Animals were a good means of transport.
D．The existence of transport wheels was not known.
小題2:What do we know about road design from the passage?
A．It was easier than wheel design.
B．It improved after big changes in vehicle design.
C．It was promoted by fast­moving vehicles.
D．It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.
小題3:How is the last paragraph mainly developed?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order.
D．By making classifications.
小題4:What is the passage mainly about?
A．The beginning of road design.
B．The development of transport wheels.
C．The history of public transport.
D．The invention of fast­moving vehicles.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Electric cars are dirty.In fact，not only are they dirty，they might even be more dirty than their gasoline­powered cousins.
People in California love to talk about “zero­emissions vehicles”，but_people_in_California_seem_to_be_clueless_about_where_electricity_comes_from.Power plants mostly use fire to make it.Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells，we get our electricity from generators.Generators are fueled by something—usually coal，oil，but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants.There are a few wind farms and geothermal(地?zé)岬? plants as well，but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.
In other words，those “zero­emissions” cars are likely coal­burning cars.It’s just because the coal is burned somewhere else that it looks clean.It is not.It’s as if the California Greens are covering their eyes—“If I can’t see it，it’s not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle；a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it.But when you take that gas(or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity，you waste a nice part of that energy，mostly in the form of wasted heat—at the generator，through the transmission(傳送) lines，etc.
A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far—so electric cars burn more fuel than gas­powered ones.If our electricity came mostly from nukes；or geothermal，or hydro，or solar，or wind，then an electric car truly would be clean.But for political，technical，and economic reasons，we don’t use much of those energy sources.
In addition，electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill.And finally，when cars are the polluters，the pollution is spread across all the roads.When it’s a power plant，though，all the junk is in one place.Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are too concentrated，but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.
小題1:What does the underlined part mean in Paragraph 2?
A．People see the California Greens everywhere.
B．People in California love to talk about zero­emissions vehicles.
C．People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cells.
D．People in California have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal，oil，etc.
小題2:What is the main idea of the text?
A．Electric cars are not clean at all.
B．Electric cars are better than gasoline­powered ones.
C．People cast doubts on electric cars’ batteries.
D．Gasoline is an efficient way to power a vehicle.
小題3:The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run ________.
A．not less than 25 miles
B．a(chǎn)s far as 50 miles
C．a(chǎn)s far as 25 miles
D．not more than 25 miles
小題4:It can be inferred from the text that ________.
A．being green is good and should be encouraged in communication
B．electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something
C．zero­emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment
D．electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline­powered cousins

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

How far would you be willing to go to satisfy your need to know？Far enough to find out your possibility of dying from a terrible disease？These days that’s more than an academic question，as Tracy Smith reports in our Cover Story.
There are now more than a thousand genetic(基因的) tests，for everything from baldness to breast cancer，and the list is growing.Question is，do you really want to know what might eventually kill you？For instance，Nobel Prize­winning scientist James Watson，one of the first people to map their entire genetic makeup，is said to have asked not to be told if he were at a higher risk for Alzheimer’s(老年癡呆癥)．
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“Every ache and pain，” Smith suggested，could be understood as “the beginning of the end.”“That’s right.If you ever worried you were at risk for Alzheimer’s disease，then every time you can’t find your car in the parking lot，you think the disease has started.”
Dr.Green has been thinking about this issue for years.He led a study of people who wanted to know if they were at a higher genetic risk for Alzheimer’s.It was thought that people who got bad news would，for lack of a better medical term，freak_out.But Green and his team found that there was “no significant difference” between how people handled good news and possibly the worst news of their lives.In fact，most people think they can handle it.People who ask for the information usually can handle the information，good or bad，said Green.
小題1:The first paragraph is meant to________.
A．a(chǎn)sk some questions
B．introduce the topic
C．satisfy readers’ curiosity
D．describe an academic fact
小題2:Which of the following is TRUE of James Watson?
A．He is strongly in favor of the present genetic tests.
B．He is more likely to suffer from Alzheimer’s disease.
C．He believes genetic mapping can help cure any disease.
D．He doesn’t want to know his chance of getting a disease.
小題3:According to Paragraphs 3 and 4，if a person is at a higher genetic risk，it is________.
A．a(chǎn)dvisable not to let him know
B．impossible to hide his disease
C．better to inform him immediately
D．necessary to remove his anxiety
小題4:The underlined part “freak out” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．break downB．drop out
C．leave offD．turn away

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When times get tough，we all look for ways to cut back.When we're hungry，we eat at home instead of going out.We take buses instead of taxis.And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer.With college expenses at all?time highs，high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.

One cost?cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor's degree in three years instead of four.Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient.But there's a question：Would the quality of undergraduate(本科生)education suffer？ Few US universities have formally approved a “three?year degree”model.
I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three?year curriculum(課程)any time soon.For one thing，most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits(學(xué)分)．In addition，at famous universities，the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly “throw out”one quarter of the required credits.Professors will resist “diluting(稀釋)”the quality of the education they offer.
In my opinion，a quality four?year education is always superior to a quality three?year education.A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major.It is not a good idea to water down education，any more than it's not a good idea to water down medicine.If we want to help students find their way through university，we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation.We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible.We should give them a chance to earn money as interns(實習(xí)生)in meaningful part?time jobs that relate to their university studies，such as the five?year co?op program at Northeastern University.
小題1:The first paragraph serves as a(n) ________.
A．explanationB．definition
C．introductionD．comment
小題2:In most US universities，________.
A．college students are offered the co?op program
B．electives' credits make up one quarter of the required credits
C．a(chǎn)ll students are required to finish four?year education before graduation
D．some excellent students can graduate ahead of time
小題3:We can infer that ________.
A．the author is a college professor
B．the author thinks the cost of a university education is too high for people to afford
C．the author considers the university education quality very important
D．the author pays special attention to the all?round development of college students
小題4:Which of the following can be the best title?
A．It's time to shorten the learning process
B．Best learning takes place over time
C．University education should be watered down
D．College education calls for reform

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

“Enough” with the multivitamins already. That’s the message from experts behind three new studies that tackled an often debated question: Do daily multivitamins多種維生素make you healthier?
“We believe that the case is closed - supplementing(補(bǔ)充) the diet of well-nourished adults with (most) mineral or vitamin supplements has no clear benefit and might even be harmful,” concluded the authors of the editorial summarizing the new research papers. They urge consumers to not ‘waste’ their money on multivitamins. “The ‘stop wasting your money’ means that perhaps you’re spending money on things that won’t protect you long term,” editorial co-author, Dr. Edgar Miller said, “What will protect you is if you spend the money on fruits, vegetables, nuts, beans, low fat dairy, and things like that. Exercising would probably be a better use of the money.”
The strong message was based on a review of the findings from three studies that tracked multivitamins link to cancer protection, heart health, and brain and cognitive(認(rèn)知的) measures. The first study looked at vitamin supplementation’s role in preventing chronic(慢性的) disease. The next study looked at whether long-term use of multivitamins would have any effect on slowing cognitive decline. The third study looked specifically at multivitamins and minerals role in preventing heart attack. “The three studies found no difference in rates of chronic disease, heart attack and the need for hospitalization between vitamin-takers and placebo(安慰劑)-takers.” Dr. Edgar Miller stated.
One expert agreed some nutrient-deficient people may still benefit from multivitamins. “There might be an argument to continue taking a multi(vitamin) to replace or supplement your not healthy diet,” Dr. Edgar Miller added. He also notes that vitamins can benefit people with celiac disease and those who are pregnant.
小題1:This text is likely to be selected from a book of           .
A．medicineB．educationC．foodD．business
小題2:Which of the following is NOT Dr. Edgar Miller’s opinion according to the passage?
A．Vitamins should not be used for chronic disease prevention. Enough is enough.
B．Having a balanced diet and exercising would probably be a better way to keep healthy.
C．The three studies do not provide support for use of multivitamin supplements.
D．Taking vitamins to replace or supplement your healthy diet is necessary.
小題3:What can be inferred from the text?
A．Vitamin supplements have proved harmful to the health of adults.
B．Vitamin supplements are beneficial in certain conditions.
C．Nowadays taking vitamin supplements is common to most people.
D．Daily multivitamins will make you healthier.
小題4:The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to___________.        .
A．persuadeB．describeC．informD．instruct

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

For many students in the UK today, deciding whether or not to go to university can be as much about affordability as it is about ambition and aspiration.
In the past, students in the UK could apply to a university or college. They were sure that even if they came from a low income family, their tuition fees and some of their living (or maintenance) costs would be covered by a local authority grant(撥款). A university education was, in a financial sense, open to all and the number of students attending university grew yearly.
Sadly, it seems, those days are long gone. The turning point came in 1998, when the Labour Government introduced tuition fees of ￡1,000 a year and, instead of giving students a maintenance grant, asked them to cover their own living expenses with a repayable student loan. Only students on the lowest incomes were entitled to a grant.
The flood gates had been opened. As time passed, the ceiling on tuition fees rose, and although applicants from Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales still qualified for varying levels of subsidy(補(bǔ)貼), by 2009/10 students in England often found themselves facing tuition fees over￡3,000 a year.
In 2011 the Government announced that, from 2012, universities could charge fees of up to ￡9,000 a year. Although the Government sweetened the pill by stating that postgraduates did not have to begin repaying their student loans until they were earning more than ￡21,000 a year, the news created over-dissatisfaction. Many students argued that it was unfair that students should have to begin their work life loaded with huge debt, while others complained that the changes would bring back a class divide to university education. These views were reflected in the number of students applying for a university place, which by January 2012 fell by more than 22,000. The Universities Minister, David Willetts, stood by the decision to increase tuition fees, saying that they would not “put universities’ finance on a bearable footing” and that they would accelerate “a stronger focus on high quality teaching.”
小題1:From the first paragraph, we can infer that _____ in attending university.
A．a(chǎn)ffordability plays more important roles than ambition and aspiration
B．a(chǎn)mbition and aspiration are more important than affordability
C．a(chǎn)ffordability is as important as ambition and aspiration
D．a(chǎn)mbition and aspiration make a greater difference
小題2:We can put the sentence “But the biggest change was still to come” at the beginning of Paragraph _____.
A．2B．3C．4D．5
小題3:The underlined part “sweetened the pill” in the last paragraph possibly means_____.
A．made a sweet pillB．made the change appear good
C．increased the pillD．reduced the pill
小題4:The writer _____ the change about university education fees.
A．is in favor ofB．is opposed to
C．takes no notice ofD．is neither for nor against

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.
On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.
Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.
No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.
小題1:The underlined word “maintain” in Para.1 probably means_______.
A．keepB． buildC．recreateD．evaluate
小題2:According to the author, the teacher should _______.
A．free students from outside pressures
B．set the standards and rules on his own
C．be responsible for a well-organized class
D．focus more on instruction and evaluation
小題3:From the passage we can learn that ______.
A．rules cannot be changed once they’re formed
B．outside pressures can not cause tension among students
C．if the teacher well unites his students, he then will finish his task
D．if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess
小題4:What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?
A．To provide information for teaching.
B．To show the importance of teaching a class.
C．To study the teacher’s behavior in the classroom.
D．To compare the teacher’s behavior with the students’ in class.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It's a fact that we all dream. Some dreams seem to last for hours, others only for seconds. Some of us have strange dreams, some have interesting dreams, and some of us have unpleasant dreams. Tests in the 1980s showed that these dreams occur within 90-minute cycles, each cycle made up of six stages. In the last stage people experience rapid eye movement, known as REM, and it is in this stage that dreaming takes place. Eighty percent of people who were woken during this sixth stage could easily remember their dreams. On the other hand, when during the first five stages (NREM), only seven percent could describe a dream.
However, of these same people woken during the first five stages, 74% were able to remember thinking activity, although they would not call it a dream. NerysDee, who has written about dreams in a book called "Your Dreams and What They Mean" says: "Perhaps during NREM sleep we are sorting out our outer mundane problems, but in REM sleep we are dealing with inside matters." She also makes the following statement about 90-minute cycle: It may also prove the reason why insomniacs who wake in the middle of the night find it impossible to get to sleep again for at least an hour and a half. In other words, until they have missed out one complete 90-minute sleep period.
小題1:Which of the following statements about dreams is TRUE?
A．Everyone dreams but very few can recall what they dream.
B．Some people have long dreams and others have very short ones.
C．People can only remember unpleasant dreams.
D．More than eighty percent of people can remember their dreams.
小題2:According to the tests in the 1980s, dreaming takes place­­______.
A．between each 90-minute cycle
B．a(chǎn)t any time during 90-minute cycles
C．during the first five stages of 90-minute cycles
D．in the last stage of 90-minute cycles
小題3:People woken during REM sleep can______.
A．hardly remember their dreams
B．easily remember their dreams
C．only remember their dreams
D．partly remember their thinking activity
小題4:"Insomniacs" are persons who______.
A．can always remember their dreams
B．have trouble getting into sleep at night
C．experience rapid eye movement
D．usually wake after each 90-minute sleep period

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