If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker(貼畫) for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said.
Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster”, did not work as well.
The study found that when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables—either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas—in laboratory taste tests, the study said.
Researchers randomly assigned (分派) 173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where Parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.
Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day for 12 days. Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables—and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround(轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)) also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once-disliked vegetable three months later.
Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.
小題1:The purpose of writing the passage is      .
A．to show the procedure of an experiment on children’s diet
B．to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables
C．to explain why children hate to eat vegetables
D．to present a proper way of verbal praise to parents
小題2:The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_______”.
A．shoot from behind the back
B．make a fire in the backyard
C．produce an unexpected result
D．a(chǎn)chieve what was planned
小題3:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.
B．Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables.
C．Oral praise works quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.
D．It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.
小題4:What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Children like rewards, not verbal praise.
B．Parents should give up verbal praise.
C．Children are difficult to inspire.
D．Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone.

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:D

試題分析：如果你的孩子不喜歡吃蔬菜，像貼畫這樣的一個(gè)小小的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)能夠讓孩子變得對原先不喜歡的蔬菜產(chǎn)生興趣。當(dāng)然，這項(xiàng)研究仍然存在爭議。
小題1:根據(jù)“a small reward like a sticker(貼畫) for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods ...The study found that when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. ...Researchers randomly assigned (分派) 173 families to one of these groups.”可知，文章主要講的是一項(xiàng)研究的成果，給孩子一些物質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)能夠引導(dǎo)他們改掉不喜歡吃蔬菜的習(xí)慣。故選B。
小題2:根據(jù)第一段“If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery”可知，這只是一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況，排除A；根據(jù)“the idea is actually controversial”可知，這項(xiàng)研究是有爭議的，根據(jù)“rewards can...cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked”可知，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)可能會(huì)使孩子對喜歡的食物失去興趣，由and表并列可知，backfire指的是不好的事情，在此意為“適得其反”，故選C。
小題3:根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The turnaround(轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)) also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once-disliked vegetable three months later”可知，這種轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)似乎可以持續(xù)很久，但并未提到愛吃蔬菜的習(xí)慣永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失，排除B；根據(jù)最后一段“Why didn’t the verbal praise work?”可知，口頭表揚(yáng)沒有起作用，排除C；故選D。
小題4:根據(jù)最后一段“Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.”口頭表揚(yáng)不起作用，是因?yàn)楦改傅目陬^表揚(yáng)不夠真誠。由此可見，父母在表揚(yáng)孩子時(shí)，要使用真誠的語氣�？芍�，故選D。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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D．most people went abouttheirbusine00
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Do you like seahorses? What do you know about them?
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A．a(chǎn)re beautiful, and live on seaweed
B．a(chǎn)re as big as regular horses
C．live near deep channels
D．like to be alone
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A．male seahorses lay eggs
B．seahorses mate in spring or autumn
C．male seahorses give birth to babies
D．seahorses mate in warmer waters at night
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A．Their fast speed of swimming.
B．Their ability to change colours.
C．Their unique eyes.
D．Their strong tails.
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A．Eat.B．Hold.C．Make.D．Handle.

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