Do you like seahorses? What do you know about them?
The seahorse is actually not a horse but a fish, and much smaller than any regular horse. In general, a seahorse is about an inch long. It is a beautiful fish that likes warm waters, swims upright (直立的), and looks a little like a chess piece.
Seahorses are an unusual kind of animal because the males (雄性) give birth to babies. Mating (交配) takes place in cooler waters on spring and summer nights with a full moon. The females (雌性) put their eggs into the bodies of the males, and the males give birth to baby seahorses.
The seahorse can use each eye separately, which allows it to search for food without moving the rest of its body. Seahorses situate themselves near deep, fast-running channels rich in plankton, a kind of life on which they feed. They can catch food from an inch and a half away. Seahorses can change from gray or black to yellow or purple within seconds to fit in with their surroundings, and in this way escape from most of their enemies.
One of the surprising facts about seahorses for most people is that they are vertebrates (脊椎動物). They can turn and curl freely, and like to swim in pairs connected by their tails. Their tails are powerful, and they can use them to grasp the surrounding seaweed (海藻) to keep themselves from being swept away. So seahorses are usually found in warm water filled with seaweed.
Now that you know all these facts about seahorses, don’t you find them more interesting?  
小題1:We can learn from the passage that seahorses _______.
A．a(chǎn)re beautiful, and live on seaweed
B．a(chǎn)re as big as regular horses
C．live near deep channels
D．like to be alone
小題2:The third paragraph tells us that _______.
A．male seahorses lay eggs
B．seahorses mate in spring or autumn
C．male seahorses give birth to babies
D．seahorses mate in warmer waters at night
小題3:Which of the following protects seahorses from being eaten by their enemies?
A．Their fast speed of swimming.
B．Their ability to change colours.
C．Their unique eyes.
D．Their strong tails.
小題4:Which of the following can replace the underlined word "grasp"?
A．Eat.B．Hold.C．Make.D．Handle.

小題1:C
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:B

試題分析：文章主要講述了有關(guān)海馬這種海洋生物的一些知識。海馬其實不是馬，它比馬小的多。雄性海馬負責生育寶寶，海馬以浮游生物為生，它們能變換身體顏色來逃過天敵。
小題1:根據(jù)第四段“Seahorses situate themselves near deep, fast-running channels rich in plankton”可知，海馬生活在富含浮游生物的較深的、快速流動的水域，故選C。
小題2:根據(jù)第三段“Seahorses are an unusual kind of animal because the males (雄性) give birth to babies.”可知，第三段講的是，雄性海馬負責生育寶寶，故選C。
小題3:根據(jù)第四段“Seahorses can change from gray or black to yellow or purple within seconds to fit in with their surroundings, and in this way escape from most of their enemies.”可知，海馬通過快速變換身體顏色來躲避天敵，故選B。
小題4:根據(jù)“...to keep themselves from being swept away”可知，grasp在此意為“抓住”，hold與其同義，故選B。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper，published this March in Psychology and Aging，examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受訪者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10，among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction，while middle­aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older，however，were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would，the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，”wrote Frieder R．Lang，a professor at the University of Erlangen­Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (預(yù)防措施)，”the authors wrote.
Surprisingly，compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes，respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also，the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness，medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However，the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood，individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic，to accurate，to pessimistic，”the authors concluded.
小題1:According to the study，who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A．Optimistic adults.
B．Middle­aged adults.
C．Adults in poor health.
D．Adults of lower income.
小題2:Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people________.
A．to fully enjoy their present life
B．to estimate their contribution accurately
C．to take measures against potential risks
D．to value health more highly than wealth
小題3:How do people of higher income see their future?
A．They will earn less money.
B．They will become pessimistic.
C．They will suffer mental illness.
D．They will have less time to enjoy life.
小題4:What is the clear conclusion of the study?
A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B．Good financial condition leads to good health.
C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

(2013·宜春五校聯(lián)考)Technology is making life easier for some dairy farmers.They use robotic systems to milk their cows.Cows are trained to follow a series of paths that lead to milking stations.Only one cow at a time can enter a station.
Once inside，the cow is rewarded with food.As the cow eats，a robotic arm cleans and connects the animal to the milking machine.A few minutes later，milking is complete.The gate is opened，the cow is released and the next cow enters.
The robotic systems are designed to operate 24 hours a day.The cows get to decide when they want to be milked.Cows are milked an average of about three times a day.Some are milked four to six times a day.
The cows wear collars around their necks that identify them to the system.A computer keeps records on their eating and milking.A cow is released from the station if the computer decides it should not be milked.
The automated system also measures the temperature and color of freshly produced milk.Milk is thrown away if it does not pass the tests.
Professor Plaut believes the systems will appeal especially to the next generation of farmers.She means young people who are more interested in technology and less interested in working all the time on the farm.Still，she says the price of robotic milking systems will continue to limit their use.
Doug and Tina Suhr have more than 100 cows on their family farm.Last year it became the fourth farm in southeast Minnesota to get a robotic milking system.A recent story in a local agricultural newspaper said the first robot costs 175,000 dollars.The second costs 150,000 dollars.
Doug told AgriNews that wages that would have been paid for one employee in five years will pay for one robot.He says the increase in milk production reaches a high of more than six kilograms per cow per day.
小題1:From the first paragraph，we can infer ________.
A．the robotic system is designed to reduce labor
B．cows can be raised by robots in the future
C．robots direct cows into milking stations
D．cows are kept clean by robots on some farms
小題2:Besides milking cows，the robotic system also can ________.
A．a(chǎn)djust the temperature of milking stations
B．judge the quality of fresh milk
C．improve the appetite of cows
D．keep fresh milk for two weeks
小題3:Why is the robotic system not popular now?
A．Because young people have no interest in it.
B．Because it is difficult to learn how to use it.
C．Because people can't afford to buy it.
D．Because it usually causes the waste of milk.
小題4:According to Doug，what is the wage of an employee per year?
A．$150,000～$175,000.
B．over $75,000.
C．$150,000～$30,000.
D．$30,000～$35,000.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker(貼畫) for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said.
Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster”, did not work as well.
The study found that when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables—either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas—in laboratory taste tests, the study said.
Researchers randomly assigned (分派) 173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where Parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.
Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day for 12 days. Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables—and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround(轉(zhuǎn)機) also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once-disliked vegetable three months later.
Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.
小題1:The purpose of writing the passage is      .
A．to show the procedure of an experiment on children’s diet
B．to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables
C．to explain why children hate to eat vegetables
D．to present a proper way of verbal praise to parents
小題2:The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_______”.
A．shoot from behind the back
B．make a fire in the backyard
C．produce an unexpected result
D．a(chǎn)chieve what was planned
小題3:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.
B．Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables.
C．Oral praise works quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.
D．It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.
小題4:What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Children like rewards, not verbal praise.
B．Parents should give up verbal praise.
C．Children are difficult to inspire.
D．Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Most parents, I suppose, have had the experience of reading a bedtime story to their children. And they must have        how difficult it is to write a        children's book.  Either the author has aimed too     . , so that the children can't follow what is in his (or more often, her) story,        the story seems to be talking to the readers.
The best children's books are        very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy both the     who hears the story and the adult who         it. Unfortunately, there are in fact       books like this,       the problem of finding the right bedtime story is not        to solve.
This may be why many of books regarded as        of children's literature were in fact written for      . “Alice's Adventure in Wonderland” is perhaps the most        of this.
Children, left for themselves, often      the worst possible interest in literature. Just  leave a child in bookshop or      and he will more  willingly choose the books    in an imaginative way, or have a look at most children's comics ( 連環(huán)畫 ), full of the stories and jokes to which both teachers and right-thinking parents     .
Perhaps we parents should stop trying to persuade children into        our taste in literature. After all children and adults are so       that we parents should not expect that they will enjoy the      books. So I suppose we'll just have to compromise（妥協(xié)） over that bedtime story.
小題1:
A．hopedB．realizedC．toldD．said
小題2:
A．shortB．longC．badD．good
小題3:
A．easyB．shortC．highD．difficult
小題4:
A．a(chǎn)ndB．butC．orD．so
小題5:
A．bothB．neitherC．eitherD．very
小題6:
A．childB．fatherC．motherD．teacher
小題7:
A．hearsB．buysC．understandsD．reads
小題8:
A．fewB．manyC．littleD．much
小題9:
A．butB．howeverC．soD．because
小題10:
A．hardB．easyC．enoughD．fast
小題11:
A．a(chǎn)rticlesB．workC．a(chǎn)rtsD．works
小題12:
A．a(chǎn)dultsB．girlsC．boysD．children
小題13:
A．difficultB．hiddenC．obviousD．easy
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)reB．showC．findD．a(chǎn)dd
小題15:
A．libraryB．school C．homeD．office
小題16:
A．readB．designedC．printedD．written
小題17:
A．favor B．interestC．objectD．read
小題18:
A．receivingB．a(chǎn)cceptingC．havingD．refusing
小題19:
A．sameB．friendlyC．differentD．common
小題20:
A．commonB．a(chǎn)verageC．differentD．same

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.
One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine (跑步機). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot (赤腳).
Researchers from the JKM Technologies company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.
They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels.
The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine.
The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.
They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.
Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.
Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.
The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.
小題1:What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefoot.
B．Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels.
C．Running in shoes is partly good to runners.
D．Two new studies prove running without shoes is beneficial to runners in most cases.
小題2:Which part of our body could be injured if we run in running shoes?
A．Toes.B．Hips.C．Feet.D．Legs.
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A．The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel.
B．We should start running barefoot in no time.
C．Running in modern running shoes could cause more serious effects than running in high heels.
D．We won’t be injured if we run barefoot.
小題4:What is the writer’s attitude towards the use of the modern running shoes?
A．Persuasive.B．Negative.C．Objective.D．Supportive.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Like a backward tape, time returns to my mom's teens．She is waiting for admission results from a famous high school．She has studied for the test but with joy, since she feels no suffering in learning．Suddenly I spy her jumping and laughing, waving a paper in her hand while her family stands nearby, more shocked than happy．No one else from their village has ever passed the test．
Later, at her new high school, I proudly watch as she continues to rise to the top．Many of her essays are published in newspapers, and her classmates seek her advice when a test is approaching． She never refuses them, and I feel honored to be related to such an intelligent person．
As I walk with her through her journey, I finally come to the point I have been looking forward to most: her life in America． After passing several tests and finding a kind boss to sponsor her, she becomes a college student at University of California, Los Angeles． At first, I sense her loneliness and panic as she tries to adapt to her new surroundings．Though her English is broken and she knows little about American culture, I can tell she is more than grateful to be here． Here she has access to electricity and running water, and most importantly, better schools． At UCLA, she has so many opportunities to grow and advance in her field．
Her journey to America was for just one reason: education．Though having an education will better her life, I know she doesn't do it for herself．My mom wants her children to have an easier life that will not require hard labor．I see what my mom goes through, and I'm filled with gratitude that she has made the brave choice to move here．
小題1:According to the first paragraph, the writer's mother considers learning to be        .
A．easy and joyfulB．bitter but rewarding
C．costly and boringD．exciting but fruitless
小題2:Which of the following does the writer's mother do at high school?
A．Working as a newspaper deliverer．
B．Feeling proud of her intelligence．
C．Working hard to be honored and awarded．
D．Giving her classmates advice before tests．
小題3:How does the writer's mother pay for her college education?
A．By doing a part-time job．
B．By asking her parents for support．
C．With the financial support from a kind boss．
D．With the help from her teachers and classmates．
小題4:What is the final aim of the writer's mother's going to America?
A．To accumulate wealth．
B．To benefit her children．
C．To make her parents live better．
D．To become famous in her field of study．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Bad teeth may be painful and it’s getting worse without treatment. They can even ruin your life. Illness of the teeth can find its way into the blood system. This can increase the chances of a heart disease or other illnesses.
Experts say good care for teeth should start at birth. Mothers’ milk is the best food for the healthy development of teeth.
But dentists say a baby’s mouth and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give him only water.
When baby’s teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. Young children often eat toothpaste (牙膏) when they brush, so they should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth.
Parents often ask what effect thumb sucking (咬手指) might have on their baby’s teeth. Experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their thumbs by the age of four. If it continues, parents should talk to their children’s dentist or doctor.
Dentists say children should have their first dental visit by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear usually at around six months.
小題1:Why should people pay attention to teeth problems?
A．They can cause other illnesses.
B．They will bring bad luck.
C．They will bring the family much trouble.
D．They usually last a long time.
小題2: According to the writer, baby’s teeth should be protected from the day ______.
A．he begins to speakB．he has his first tooth
C．he was bornD．he is fed with bottle milk
小題3:The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refers to “_____”.
A．toothacheB．parents’ troubleC．thumb suckingD．experts’ advice

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Researches at Johns  Hopkins University's. Applied Physics laboratory  ( APL)  in Laurel , Maryland have designed a new human-like robot, Its name is Robo Sally. The machine can be controlled from a distance and can he used to do work that is dangerous for human beings.
Roho Sally has two long arms with human-like hands. She can use her fingers to pick up  small objects .examine them in detail and do most things that human hands can do Each finger  contains a tiny motor capable of squeezing 20 pounds of pinch foree ,.enough to defuse a bomb  under the direction of an operator. She sits on a metal base with wheels that let her move around. turn in tight spaces and climb over small objects, .
Mike McLoughlin is the main investigator for the Applied Physics Laboratory's Prosthetics  Program. "The purpose of that program is to develop prosthetic arms that have all the capability  of your natural arms .and you do all the complex motions that we can do with the natural arm- with the robot. "
It was a difficult job. Mr. McLoughlin says the device had to have many small motors to。 have the ability to do what a human hand does; It  also needs to have human-like strength. The  thumb was especially difficult because it permits the hand .to hold objects. And everything had.   to fit into a space about the size of a human hand.
The next problem  .he says .was to figure out how to control the artificial hand. " So we had   to figure out how to make the connection between the brain and this arm.
For search-and-rescue duties.Roho Sally will be operated by a human being using a wire- less machine that is far from the robot. The operator will also wear special gloves and glasses.  The glasses permit the operator to see the robot's hands .even though they are far away.
Mr. McLoughlin says this kind of robots could be used in what he calls "dull , dirty or dan- gerous" situations where fine human finger movements are required. He says the technology is  not ready for everyday application .but he predicts that within five years we will see some won-  derful improvements.
小題1:The underlined word " defuse"  in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to "_________".
A．removeB．discoverC．equipD．produce
小題2:According to Paragraph 2.which picture is Robo Sally?

小題3:What can we learn ahout the prosthetic arms according to the passage?
A．They are expected to function as well as natural ones.
B．They have many large motors controlled by robots.
C．They have human-like strength to control the robot.
D．They are connected with human brains.
小題4:Which of the following is true about Robo Sally according to Mr. McLoughlin?
A . Its operator doesn't need  any  equipment.
B. It has been Widely used in everyday life in the USA.
C. It can work in situations which are dangerous for humans.
D. It has made much money for the designer.

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