We often use the words growth and development as if they meant essentially the same thing. But this may not always be the case. One can easily imagine instances in which a country has achieved higher levels of income (growth) with little or no benefit coming to most of its citizens (development).
In the past, most development policies were aimed increasing the growth rate of income per capita. Many still are, based on the theory that benefits of economic growth will come to all members of society. If this theory is correct, growth should promote development.
By the early 1970s, however, the relationship between growth and development was being questioned. A major study by the World Bank in 1974 concluded that it is now clear that more than a decade of rapid growth in underdeveloped countries has been of little benefit to a third of their population.
The World Bank study indicated that increases in GNP per capita did not promise important improvements in such development indicators as nutrition, health, and education. Although GNP per capita did indeed rise, its benefits come down to only a small part of the population. This realization gave rise to a call for new development policies. These new policies favored agriculture over industry, called for domestic redistribution of income and wealth, and encouraged programs to satisfy such basic needs as food and shelter.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the international macroeconomic crises of high oil prices, worldwide recession, and third world debt forced attention away from programs designed to get rid of poverty. However, the lesson remains: economic growth does not promise economic development. Efforts may be required to change growing output capacity into economic benefits that reach most of a nation’s people.
【小題1】As to the relationship between growth and development, what can we infer from the passage?

A．Development is a reliable measure of growth. 
B．Growth always brings about development. 
C．Development is not necessarily the result of growth. 
D．Growth and development refer to the same thing. 
【小題2】According to the study by the World Bank in 1974,economic growth in some background countries brought 
A．benefit only to a third of their population. 
B．a(chǎn)lmost no benefit to a third of their population. 
C．little benefit to their people. 
D．no benefit at all to their people. 
【小題3】The programs designed to get rid of poverty were not very well carried out because the government
A．knew that growth didn’t promise development. 
B．gave too much attention to increases in GNP per capita. 
C．wished to replace the programs with new development policies. 
D．was busy solving other more serious economic problems. 
【小題4】If the passage continues, what is the author most likely to discuss in the next paragraph?
A．How to turn growth into development. 
B．How to remove poverty from society. 
C．How to decrease third world debt. 
D．How to cope with economic crises. 


【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】D
【小題4】A

解析試題分析：文章介紹了一般來(lái)說(shuō)成長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該帶來(lái)發(fā)展，但是很多發(fā)展中國(guó)家的快速發(fā)展對(duì)三分之一的人口沒(méi)有什么好處，政府應(yīng)該致力于把經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)變成經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。
【小題1】推理題：從第二段的句子：Many still are, based on the theory that benefits of economic growth will come to all members of society. If this theory is correct, growth should promote development.可知成長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該帶來(lái)發(fā)展，選C
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：A major study by the World Bank in 1974 concluded that it is now clear that more than a decade of rapid growth in underdeveloped countries has been of little benefit to a third of their population.可知發(fā)展中國(guó)家的快速發(fā)展對(duì)三分之一的人口沒(méi)有什么好處，選B
【小題3】推理題：從倒數(shù)第二段的句子：In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the international macroeconomic crises of high oil prices, worldwide recession, and third world debt forced attention away from programs designed to get rid of poverty. 可知消除貧困的政策實(shí)施的不太好，因?yàn)檎炎⒁饬D(zhuǎn)移到其他更嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題了，選D
【小題4】推理題：從文章最后一段的句子：economic growth does not promise economic development. Efforts may be required to change growing output capacity into economic benefits that reach most of a nation’s people. 可知下面的段落應(yīng)該說(shuō)怎樣把增長(zhǎng)變成發(fā)展，選A。
考點(diǎn)：考查社會(huì)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)類短文

練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

 Do you know Australia? Australia is the largest island in the world. It is a little smaller than China. It is in the south of the earth. Australia is big, but its population is not large. The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Shanghai.
The government has made enough laws to fight pollution. The cities in Australia have got little air or water pollution. The sky is blue and the water is clean. You can clearly see fish swimming in the rivers. Plants grow very well.
Last month we visited Perth, the biggest city in Western Australia, and went to a wild flowers’ exhibition. There we saw a large number of wild flowers we had never seen before. We had a wonderful time. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers. In spring every year Perth has the wild flowers’ exhibition. After visiting Perth, we spent the day in the countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path at the foot of a hill. It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves. Suddenly we heard bells ringing at the top of the hill. What we saw made us pick up all our things and run back to the car as quickly as we could. There were about three hundred sheep coming towards us down the path.
Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos(袋鼠). After a short drive from any town, you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep. Sheep, sheep, everywhere are sheep.
【小題1】Australia is _______.

A．the largest country in the worldB．a(chǎn)s large as Shanghai
C．not as large as ChinaD．the largest island in the north of the earth
【小題2】The government had made _______.
A．too enough laws to fight pollution
B．so many laws that it can fight pollution
C．enough laws that it can hardly fight pollution
D．enough laws because the pollution is very serious
【小題3】Which of the following is NOT true？
A．Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers.
B．Perth is bigger than any other city in Western Australia.
C．Perth lies in the west of Australia.
D．No other city is larger than Perth in Australia.
【小題4】In Perth you may visit a wild flowers’ show in _______season.
A．a(chǎn) coolB．a(chǎn) warmC．the coldestD．the hottest
【小題5】Which of the following is true？
A．Australia is famous for its sheep, kangaroos and wild flowers.
B．We ran back to the car because we were in the middle of white sheep.
C．Three hundred sheep came towards us because they saw us.
D．If you go to the countryside in Australia, you will see a large number of white sheep.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Dutch treat is a late-nineteenth-century term, and it originally refers to a dinner where everyone is expected to pay for his own share of the food and drink. If people go “Dutch treat”, or simply “go Dutch”, it means that they will share the expenses of a social engagement.
There are many other “Dutch” expressions in English, many of which were invented in Britain in the seventeenth century, when the Dutch and the English were commercial and military rivals. The British used “Dutch” to refer to something bad, cheap and shameful. A “Dutch bargain” at that time was an uneven, one-sided deal; “Dutch reckoning” was an unitemized(未逐條記載的) account; and “Dutch widow” was slang for prostitute. Later centuries brought in “Dutch courage”, for bravery caused by drink; “Dutch concert”, for noisy music; “Dutch nightingale”, meaning a frog; and “double Dutch”, for incomprehensible language or talk.
Some of the expressions are still in use today, but some are not. In fact, in American English, some “Dutch” expressions have nothing to do with the Dutch, but something with the German. It was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in distinguishing between “Dutch” and “Deutsch” (the German word for German), when German immigrants came to America in the 1700s. For instance, “the Pennsylvania Dutch” refers to the German descendants, instead of the Dutch descendants, living in Pennsylvania.
【小題1】Many of the “Dutch” expressions were invented with negative sense, because ___________.

A．The Dutch were underdeveloped people.
B．Britain and Holland were competitors at that time.
C．The Dutch had many bad habits.
D．The British were superior to the Dutch.
【小題2】 With the information you get from Paragraph 2, make a guess at the meaning of the sentence “You are in Dutch”. It probably means ____________ .
A．You are in Holland. B．You are welcome.
C．You are in trouble. D．You are lucky.
【小題3】According to the passage, some native American “Dutch” expressions were related to the German instead of the Dutch, simply because ______________.
A．People hated the German as much as the Dutch.
B．People made a mistake at the beginning.
C．People made a joke about the German.
D．The German immigrants proclaimed that they were Dutch.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

A new report says African governments are ill prepared to handle the growing number of people over age 65. The population in Africa  as in other parts of the world, is getting older. Currently, there are 36 million people on the continent 65 years and above. which is 3.6 percent of the population. up from 3.3 percent 10 years ago. That could rise to 4.5 percent by 2030 and 10 percent by 2050. The African development Bank is raising concerns over the shortage of health insurance and pensions (養(yǎng)老金).
The African Development Bank says. "Aging is highly linked with long-term physical and mental  disability and a number of long-term chronic (慢性的) conditions."
"Africa is not well prepared to care for its aging population right now. And it needs to prepare for this fact." said Professor Mthuli Ncube. the African Development Bank's chief economist. African nations spend far less on healthcare than developed nations do___ about $26per person per year. Not so many countries have well developed medical aid plans for the elderly, whether they are privately provided plans or indeed government plans. If you look at the pension plans, you will find the pension industries are not well developed in some of the countries.
Professor Mthuli Ncube said African governments failed to take action on health insurance
and pensions because they were busy with economic reforms.
Another challenge for Africa is the worsening of informal systems of social protection. That is cash and support from both the extended family and community sources.
. The African Development Bank recommends governments help carry out health insurance and pension plans. Ncube said African governments didn't have to handle the health insurance burden alone. "It is not only a must but also an opportunity for private companies to add their bit in this regard", he said. The report also recommends that African governments consider providing ways of free health services. medications and long-term health care facilities for the elderly.
【小題1】 From the first paragraph we know the facts except that ____

A．the speed of people aging is becoming quicker
B．Africa has the largest aging population
C．African governments are not well prepared to deal with the aging population
D．the shortage of health insurance and pensions adds to African governments' difficulty in dealing With the aging population
【小題2】Which is not highly linked with the aging according to the passage?
A．Long-term physical disability. B．Long-term mental disability.
C．Long-term chronic illnesses. D．Long-term shortage of care and love.
【小題3】 What got in the way of developing health insurance and pensions in Africa?
A．The economic reforms. B．Too many old people.
C．The shortage of land. D．The development of the economy.
【小題4】How can the aging problem be solved in Africa according to Ncube?
A．African governments should spend as much money on healthcare as developed countries
B．African people should save enough money to insure their health.
C．African governments should combine with private companies to finish health insurance and pension pains.
D．Private sources should take the main responsibility to help the elderly.
【小題5】The article is most likely to be seen____
A．in a story book B．in a newspaper C．on a TV program D．in a textbook

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

There are some topics that readers never grow bored with, and the search for a suitable partner（伴侶） is one of them. Pride and Prejudice（傲慢與偏見(jiàn)）by Jane Austen, first published in 1813, tells the story of five young women, all of whom are looking for a husband. In order to fully understand the novel, the readers must know that at the time when Jane Austen was writing, if a family was not rich, the daughters needed to marry well in order to live a comfortable, independent life. That is the reason why Mrs Bennet, the mother of the five girls, is so eager to have her daughters married.
The heroine of the story is Elizabeth Bennet, and as in all good romantic novels, she and Darcy, the man she finally marries, remain separate until the very end of the story. The wealthy Darcy is a proud, unsociable man, and when Elizabeth hears that he has insulted（侮辱） both her and her family, she dislikes him very much. Poor Darcy then falls head over heels in love with Elizabeth, and has to work terribly hard to persuade her to change her mind about him. He succeeds of course, and they live happily ever after. 
Set at the turn of the 19th century, the novel is still attractive to modern readers. It has become one of the most popular novels and receives great attention from literary scholars（學(xué)者）.Modern interest in the book has resulted in a number of dramas（戲�。゛nd a lot of novels and stories modeling(模仿) after Austen’s memorable (難忘的)characters or themes. To date, the book has sold some 20 million copies worldwide.
Jane Austen is rightly famous for her style. Her sentences have a wonderful rhythm（韻律）, and she makes such clever, true comments about people. It is not surprising that Pride and Prejudice has lasted.
【小題1】In the 19th century, a poor girl in Britain was often encouraged to          .

A．master the skills of writingB．marry the one she loved
C．change her life by marrying rich D．obey her parents
【小題2】What do we know about Elizabeth and Darcy?
A．They both come from poor families and wish to marry rich.
B．They’ve experienced ups and downs but get married in the end.
C．They get separated from each other shortly after being married.
D．Darcy falls over and gets hurt but Elizabeth still loves him.
【小題3】 According to the passage, Pride and Prejudice _________.
A．inspired many other novels and many plays have been produced based on it.
B．was first published in 1813 and sold 20 million copies soon
C．tells a sad love story which moves generations of readers
D．is set at the turn of the 19th century and not well received worldwide

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Global financial big dogs are no match for China's "Da Ma", or housewives, who have crowded into gold stores across China, buying up 300 tons of gold over the past two weeks. No wonder gold prices have steadied after taking a dive.
During the May Day holiday, gold stores were crowded with mostly female customers. Most of them are middle-aged "Chinese housewives". This group of buyers has risen to fame recently. They are big spenders and are desperate to get their hands on a bargain. "I bought some gold jewellery and kept them as a gift for my son when he gets married," said a buyer from Shanghai.
The gold business is skyrocketing. "Our sales are growing by the day. Yesterday we sold more than ten million yuan of gold products," a gold store salesperson said. The gold rush in China started about two weeks ago thanks to a decline in global gold prices. Media reports suggest that Chinese housewives have spent about 100 billion yuan, or about 16 billion US dollars, purchasing 300 tons of gold since mid-April. That has helped support gold prices.
"Gold prices depressed since the middle of last month but have risen gradually. That is mainly due to the strong demand from Asian markets," said foreign trader Zhang Chen from Industrial & Commercial Bank of China. "Some people even joked that Chinese housewives have beaten Wall Street analysts." For Chinese people, with limited investment options, the only thing better than buying gold is buying gold at discount prices.
【小題1】What does the author indicate(表明;預(yù)示)in the first sentence of the first paragraph?

A．The global big dogs can’t match with Chinese housewives.
B．Chinese housewives spend a great deal of money on gold
C．China's "Da Ma" help a lot to support the global economic crisis
D．Chinese housewives have a better consumption idea than global financial big dogs .
【小題2】We can infer from the passage that_______________
A．China’s "Da Ma" become the largest gold buyers due to a decline in global gold prices.
B．China's "Da Ma" crowded into stores to get gold as the best gifts for sons when they get married.
C．China's "Da Ma" are bigger spenders and cleverer than global financial big dogs.
D．Chinese housewives are most willing to spend money in buying gold .
【小題3】In the writer’s view, Chinese housewives are desperate to get their hands on a bargain because_____.
A. it is worthy to buy gold.
B .they have a strong demand
C. it is at discount prices.
D they have unlimited investment options
【小題4】The author’s description about the passage is ______.
A．doubtfulB．subjectiveC．objectiveD．Negative

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Money and Happiness
A Guide to Living the good life
Author: Laura Rowley
Publisher: Wiley (March 1, 2005)
Laura Rowley makes us all understand the money-happiness connection in our own lives so that we spend our time and our efforts wisely. She offers insight that every reader can use to make smarter decisions that will lead to living a rich life in every possible definition of the term.
The Happiness Makeover
How to Teach Yourself to Be Happy and Enjoy Every Day
Author: M. J. Ryan
Publisher: Broadway (May 10, 2005)
Ryan’s own desire to be happier first led(引領(lǐng)) her to study what is known about happiness from brain science, psychology, and the wisdom traditions of the world. The Happiness Makeover draws on this wide-ranging knowledge and presents a plan that will help you:
Clear away happiness hindrances(障礙物) like worry, fear, envy, and grudges
Discover happiness boosters like meaningful work, challenge, and gratitude
Learn to think optimistically(樂(lè)觀地)（it is really possible!）
Find daily ways to truly enjoy, even relish, the moments of your life Happiness
The Science Behind Your Smile
Author: Daniel Nettle
Publisher: Oxford University Press (July 1, 2005)
This is the first book to look thoroughly at what happiness is and how it works. Nettle examines whether people are basically happy or unhappy, whether success can make us happy, why some people are happier than others, and much more.
Hormones（荷爾蒙）, health, and Happiness
Author: Steven F. Hotze
Publisher: Forrest Publishing (April, 2005)
Dr Steven Hotze is leading a wellness revolution that advances a new model of health care. In Hormones, Health, and Happiness you are shown how to reach and maintain optional cell, tissue(身體組織), and organ（器官） functioning so that you can enjoy a better quality of life.
【小題1】At least how many books are written by women according to the passage above?

A．4 B．3 C．2 D．1
【小題2】Whose model will possibly help readers obtain health naturally(自然地)?
A．Laura Rowley B．Ryan’s C．Daniel Nettle’s D．Steven F. Hotze’s
【小題3】Which book is the result of the author’s own need to know more about happiness?
A．Hormones, health, and Happiness
B．Money and Happines
C．The Happiness Makeover
D．The Science Behind Your Smile

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were all started before the American Revolution made the thirteen colonies(殖民地) into states.
In the early years, these schools were much alike. Only young men attended colleges. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers or teachers.
In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers(律師) could receive their training in Harvard’s law school. In 1852, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German, as well as Latin and Greek. Soon it began teaching American history.
As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects that interested them.
Special colleges for women were started. New state universities began to teach such subjects as farming, engineering and business. Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are divided into smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There is so much to learn that one kind of school cannot offer it all.
【小題1】 Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were the names of the _______ in America.

A．states B．cities C．universities D．colonies
【小題2】As knowledge increased, colleges began to teach _______.
A．everything that is known B．many new subjects
C．French and German D．farming
【小題3】The title of this passage should be _______.
A．Famous Harvard University
B．American Universities
C．The Changing of American Universities
D．The American Revolution
【小題4】Which statement does the passage lead you to believe?
A．The early schools are still much alike.
B．There is more to learn today than in 1636.
C．All the early students worked harder.
D．Students in modern America learn only science.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

In Europe ,many people make friends between their countries through town twinning .Town or city twinning means two towns in different countries agree and decide to become “twins”with a sister relationship .
The people find pen friends in the twin town .They exchange newspapers and stamps .The school teachers discuss teaching methods with the teachers in the twin town .Officials visit the twin town for celebrations .Ordinary people travel to the twin town ,too,but not very often if it is far away .
Sometimes ,school even exchange their classes for two or three weeks !For example ,German middle school students study for a while at the school in their twin town in Britain ,staying with British families .A few months later ,their British friends come to study in Germany .
Many British towns are so pleased with the results of the twinning that they set out to find more than one twin town !
Tonbridge ,a small town in Kent ,for example ,has twin towns in both Germany and France .Richmond near London has relationships with Germany ,France and even a town in a Balkan country .
Town twinning can help make friends .It helps students improve their language skills ,and also helps people to understand the differences between nations .
【小題1】Which is the best title for the passage ?

A．Town Twinning B．Friendly Town
C．Exchanging Teachers and Students D．Peace and Understanding
【小題2】Which of the following is Not mentioned in the passage ?
A．Twin towns exchange newspapers and stamps .
B．Twin towns exchange business skills .
C．Schools in twin towns exchange classes for a period of time .
D．Ordinary people travel to the twin towns .
【小題3】Twin towns develop ______.
A．between European countries and China
B．in the English-speaking countries only
C．in the same country
D．between different countries
【小題4】How many countries are mentioned in this passage ?
A．7B．6C．3D．4

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案