閱讀理解

　　In 1954 a turning point in medical history, resulting from applied bionics (仿生學(xué)), was the first“open heart”surgery done in Minneapolis, Minnesoda, by Dr．C．W Lillehei．Dr．Lillehei’s techniques for the first time allowed the patient to be operated upon while blood was supplied to the patient from a donor．Today“open heart”surgery, using more advanced methods and bionic devices, is common in the United States．

　　The technological advances such as those already mentioned have encouraged scientists to develop the artificial(man-made)heart．Early in 1983, in its first use by a human patient, a medical team at the University of Utah Medical Center replaced the diseased heart of Dr．Clark with a mechanical pump．Clark was sixty-one years old when his diseased heart was replaced by a Jarvik－7．

　　The world watched amazed as television pictures of Dr．Clark showed him as he improved steadily after the surgery．His continued life showed that a bionic device could imitate the action and function of a healthy heart．Dr．Clark lived for 112 days．

　　Life-like or bionic machines have existed for centuries．The development of tools by man’s ancestors is a good example of the application of bionics to extend human capabilities．Modern bionic research is especially involved in prosthetics (修復(fù)術(shù))--- devices that replace diseased body parts such as arms, legs, and eyes．

　　The future for applied bionics appears to be promising．Existing bionic devices will become smaller, faster, and more effective．The artificial heart used for Dr．Chark is only one of experimental replacement devices．It is likely to be joined in the future by replacements for other internal systems or organs．Bionic livers, stomachs, and lungs are not impossibilities!

(1)

Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?

[　　]

A．

first developed applied bionics

B．

The first “open heart” surgery．

C．

The development of the artificial heart．

D．

The future of applied bionics．

(2)

According to the passage, it was Dr．C．W．Lillehei that ________．

[　　]

A．

first developed applied bionics

B．

developed the artificial heart

C．

was the first to operate on the heart of a patient

D．

used more advanced methods to do “open heart” surgery

(3)

By“Dr．Clark lived for 112 days ,”the author most probably means that ________．

[　　]

A．

the replacement of Dr．Clark’s heart was a failure

B．

there was still a long way to go in applied bionics

C．

applied bionics was promising

D．

the first artificial heart was most effective

(4)

The author’s attitude towards applied bionics is ________．

[　　]

A．

critical

B．

approving

C．

objective

D．

doubting

答案：1．D;2．B;3．C;4．B;
解析：

(1)

文中提到了B、C、D，但都是A(仿生學(xué)應(yīng)用)的論據(jù)。

(2)

從…was the first“open heart”surgery done in Minneapolis, Minnesoda, by Dr．C．W Lillehei．Dr．Lillehei’s techniques for the first time allowed the patient to be operated upon…可知Dr．Lillehei是第一個(gè)給病人動(dòng)手術(shù)的醫(yī)生。

(3)

Dr．Clark的生命僅延長了112天，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)用仿生學(xué)的研究還不完美，但有希望。

(4)

讀上下文中bionics appears to be promising; Existing bionic devices will become smaller, faster, and more effective; not impossibilities等信息，可知作者持肯定態(tài)度。


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