—What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?

—it’s nothing .Just something _________.

A.as clear as day

B.off the top of my head

C.under my nose

D.beyond my wildest dreams

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科目：高中英語 來源：內(nèi)蒙古鄂爾多斯市2017屆高三模擬考試英語試卷（有答案） 題型：閱讀理解

A 16-year survey on the arctic Norwegian island of Svalbard found the reindeer（馴鹿）there have declined in weight by an alarming 12 percent. The reduction in average body-mass is being blamed on global warming.

In research presented lately at a meeting of the British Ecological Society in Liverpool, scientists will explain how rising temperatures are making female reindeer difficult to obtain nutrients during important periods of being pregnant.

Snow in Svalbard typically covers the ground for eight months of the year, which, combined with low temperatures, limits grass growth to June and July. But as summer temperatures have increased by around 1.5℃, grasslands have become more productive, allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by the autumn and therefore to conceive（孕育）more calves.

However, warmer winters have brought with them greater rainfall which freezes when is settles on the snow, therefore locking out the reindeer from the life-supporting food below. As a result, female reindeer are becoming starved, causing them to give birth to much lighter young. The average mass of an adult reindeer in 1998, when the survey began, was 55kg, but by 2016 IT had dropped to 48kg.

Professor Steve Albon, an ecologist at the James Hatton Institute in Aberdeen , said that, because the mammals have a relatively high surface-area-to-volume ratio（表面積與體積比）, they are no particularly energy efficient.

Reindeer can often access the inadequate food sources beneath the snow by clearing IT away with their antlers（鹿角）, but they cannot break through the hard ice. Without access to the food in winter, calves are being born far lighter than they should be. Numbers of reindeer have also increased rapidly in the past 20 years, meaning that those which are born are facing greater competition for food. “The implication（含義）are that there may well be more smaller reindeer in the Arctic in the coming decades, but possibly at the risk of catastrophic die-offs because of increased ice on the ground,”said Professor Albon Despite the gloomy findings, reindeer appear to be suffering less from the impact of climate change than some other arctic species.

1.Which of the following may be the most important reason for the smaller reindeer?

A. Heavy snow.

B. Greater rainfall.

C. Hard ice.

D. Global warming.

2.According to the passage, rising temperatures will not lead to_________.

A. grass growing more rapidly in summer

B. more rainfall in the arctic area in winter

C. female reindeer’s gaining more weight in winter

D. female reindeer’s suffering from hunger in winter

3.What does the underlined word“gloomy”in the last paragraph mean?

A. Exciting.

B. Optimistic.

C. Disappointing.

D. Doubtful.

4.How does the writer develop the passage?

A. By analyzing the research.

B. By classification of reindeer.

C. By comparing opinions of experts.

D. By telling stories of different species.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2017年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（北京卷正式版） 題型：閱讀理解

Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪惡) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制論）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干預(yù)), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”

A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.

The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.

Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子誘導(dǎo)) nuclear chain reaction.

1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ________.

A. run out of human control

B. satisfy human’s real desires

C. command armies of killer robots

D. work faster than a mathematician

2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to ________.

A. prevent themselves from being destroyed

B achieve their original goals independently

C. do anything successfully with given orders

D. beat humans in international chess matches

3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ________.

A. help super intelligent machines work better

B. be secure against evil human beings

C. keep machines from being harmed

D. avoid robots’ affecting the world

4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?

A. It will disappear with the development of AI.

B. It will get worse with human interference.

C. It will be solved but with difficulty.

D. It will stay for a decade.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2017年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（北京卷正式版） 題型：單項填空

Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.

A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever

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科目：高中英語 來源：2017年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（江蘇卷正式版） 題型：閱讀理解

B

Before birth,babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning（胎教），birds could rule the roost.As recently reported in The Auk:Ornithological Advances,some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化).New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world.

This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia KIeindorfer,a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia,and her colleagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs,When the eggs were hatched,the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me!”call.

To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds,the researchers sought the redbacked fairy wren,another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks,ranking them by similarity.

It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs,the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition,the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.

This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)strengths of children to parents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.”As a parent,do you invest in quality children,or do you invest in children that are in need?”KIeindorfer asks.”O(jiān)ur results suggest that they might be going for quality.”

1.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“ ”.

A.be the worst B.be the best

C.be the as bad D.be just as good

2.What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?

A.Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.

B.The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.

C.The data collected from Queensland’s locals.

D.Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.

3.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which .

A.can receive quality signals B.are in need of training

C.fit the environment better D.make the loudest call

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科目：高中英語 來源：2017年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（江蘇卷正式版） 題型：單項填空

In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of_____purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

A.which B.its C.whose D.whom

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科目：高中英語 來源：2017年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（江蘇卷正式版） 題型：單項填空

Many Chinese brands, __________their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.

A.having developed B.being developed C. developed D. developing

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科目：高中英語 來源：湖北省襄陽市2017屆高三下學(xué)期第二次模擬考試英語試卷 題型：短文填空

Have you ever tasted or perhaps heard of sugar painting? As fewer people choose to make this kind of painting, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a 1.(distance)memory in some ways.2., a 38-year old craftsman, Li Jianzhong, is committed to3.(keep)the art of sugar painting alive.

Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After 4.mine closed down, Li turned to housing decoration, until he 5.(force) to give that up due to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in and a strong desire to learn.

Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by 6.(he) through large quantities of videos and information on the internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy7.(learn) the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make a 8.(vary) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with melted brown or white sugar. Craftsmen 9.(normal) paint animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup(糖漿). When the sugar cools down, 10.appears is a piece of sugar art.

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科目：高中英語 來源：福建省羅源市2016-2017學(xué)年高一6月月考英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解

As you move around your home, take a good look at the things you have. It is likely that your living room will have a television set and a video, and your kitchen a washing machine and a microwave oven. Your bedroom drawers will be filled with almost three times as many clothes as you need. You almost certainly own a car and possibly a home computer, holiday abroad at least once a year and eat out at least once a week.

Now, perhaps, more than ever before, people are wondering what life is all about, and what it is for. Seeking material success is beginning to trouble large numbers of people around the world. They feel that the long hours work culture to make more money is eating up their lives, leaving them very little time or energy for family or pastimes. Many are turning to other ways of living and downshifting is one of them. Six percent of workers in Britain took the decision to downshift last year.

One couple who downshifted is Daniel and Liz. They used to work in central London. He was a newspaper reporter and she used to work for an international bank. They would go to work by train every day from their large house in the suburbs, leaving their two children with a nanny. Most evenings Daniel wouldn’t get home until eight or nine o’clock and nearly twice a month he would have to fly to New York for meetings. They both earned a large amount of money but began to feel that life was passing them by.

Nowadays, they run a farm in the mountains of Wales. “I always wanted to have a farm then,” says Daniel, “and we took almost a year to make the decision to downshift. It’s taken some getting used to, but it’s been worth it. We have to think twice now about spending money on car repairs and we no longer have any holidays. However, I think it’s made us stronger as a family, and the children are a lot happier.

Liz, however, is not quite sure. “I used to enjoy my job, even though it was hard work and long hours. I’m not really a country girl, but I suppose I’m gradually getting used to looking after the animals. One thing I do like, though, is being able to see more of my children. My advice for other people wanting to do the same is not to think about it too much or you might not do it at all.”

1.The passage tells us that .

A. people seldom work long hours to make money

B. people hardly buy more things than necessary

C. people are sure everything they own is in the right place

D. people realize there is more to life than just making money

2.Daniel and Liz both agree that the move to the farm ____.

A. was easy to organize B. has improved family life

C. was extremely expensive D. has been a total success

3.What does the author mean by saying “the long hours work culture to make more money is eating up their lives” in the second paragraph?

A. People work long hours to earn their living.

B. To make more money through hard work is the aim of people’s life.

C. Long hours of hard work occupy too much of people’s life.

D. People spent too much time and money eating meals.

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