C
When an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour after its death. This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure--and so soon--that another ant is dead.
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead--take me away” when it is dead.
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.
But there's a question to answer: As we know, if an ant is dead, it stops moving. But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious, it is also not moving. However, other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest. How do they know this ant is not dead? Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies, which tells nearby ants something like, “Wait—I'm not dead yet” when it is not dead. Choe suspects that when an ant dies, the chemical that says, “Wait— I'm not dead yet” quickly goes away. When other ants detect the “dead” chemical without the “not dead yet” chemical, they move away the body.
To test his theory, Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants. When the scientists used the “I'm dead” chemical, other ants quickly moved the treated ant away. When the scientists used the “Wait—I'm not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead” chemical and remove the body from the nest.
Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems.
小題1:What is the function of the first paragraph?
A．Leading the following paragraphs.
B．Showing the main idea of the passage.
C．Introducing the background of the passage.
D．Giving a summary of the passage.
小題2:Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “overrides” in the fourth paragraph?
A．is weaker thanB．is stronger thanC．is better thanD．is worse than
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A．Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving.
B．When an ant dies, it can tell others using a certain chemical.
C．A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical.
D．Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other.
小題4:Which of the following descriptions about Dong-Hwan Choe is right?
A．Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places.
B．Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals, especially in ants.
C．Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior，and then did some tests to prove his theory.
D．Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own.

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:C

試題分析：
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文章。文章講述了螞蟻是怎樣得知螞蟻死了，然后把它弄出螞蟻洞的。文章通過實驗研究得知：在死去螞蟻的身體外面發(fā)出一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，告訴其他螞蟻“它已經(jīng)死了”。
小題1:A考查作者的寫作意圖。文章的第一段提出問題吸引讀者，并引出下文科學(xué)家要解決的問題。所以第一段起的是統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文的作用。故選A。
小題2:B考查猜測詞義。根據(jù)文章第四段中的When the scientists used the “Wait—I'm not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants.可知，當(dāng)“I'm not dead”的化學(xué)物質(zhì)超過“I'm dead”的化學(xué)物質(zhì)時，其他螞蟻才不理這些螞蟻。故此處overrides是“強于，超過”的意思。選B。
小題3:B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第二段中的One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.可知，螞蟻死后有一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)給其他螞蟻發(fā)出信號告訴它們“它已經(jīng)死了”。故選B。其他三項與文章內(nèi)容不符。
小題4:C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第二段中的One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.可知，Choe先提出理論，然后證實了他的理論。故選C。
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Obama encouraged students to embrace(欣然接受)what makes them different. “We shouldn't be em­barrassed by the things that make us different,” he said. “We should be proud of them.”
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In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續(xù)的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil， which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emission (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate (加速) the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.
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B．it consumes natural resources
C．it brings severe damage to forests
D．it makes growth hard to continue
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C．High speed trains are a low carbon development.
D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.
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A．develop sustainable products
B．explore new natural resources
C．make full use of natural resources
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A．To introduce a new business model.
B．To compare two business models.
C．To predict a change of the global market.
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