Here is an astonishing and significant fact：Mental work alone can’t make us tired.It sounds absurd.But a few years ago，scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲勞)．To the amazement of these scientists，they discovered that blood passing through the brain，when it is active，shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer，we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products.But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein，it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned，it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired?
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes.One of England’s most outstanding scientists，J.A.Hadfield，says，“The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.In fact，fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.”Dr.Brill，a famous American scientist，goes even further.He declares，“One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored，anger，anxiety，tenseness，worry，a feeling of not being appreciated－those are the emotions that tire sitting workers.Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
小題1:What surprised the scientists a few years ago?
A．Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood.
B．Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn out after a day’s work.
C．The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.
D．A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.
小題2:According to the author，which of the following can make sitting workers tired?
A．Challenging mental work.
B．Unpleasant emotions.
C．Endless tasks.
D．Physical labor.
小題3:What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ ideas?
A．He agrees with them.
B．He doubts them.
C．He argues against them.
D．He hesitates to accept them.
小題4:We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic，sitting workers need to ________.
A．have some good food
B．enjoy their work
C．exercise regularly
D．discover fatigue toxins

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:B
本文為說明文，屬于科普類文章。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，單純的腦力勞動(dòng)并不會(huì)令人感覺疲勞，而真正令人感覺疲勞的是心理和情感態(tài)度，如煩躁、氣憤、焦慮、緊張、擔(dān)心、不被欣賞等。這些情感都是令腦力勞動(dòng)者感覺疲勞的因素。
小題1:解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“To the amazement of these scientists，they...no fatigue at all！”可知，令這些科學(xué)家們驚訝的是，大腦活躍時(shí)流經(jīng)大腦的血液并沒有表現(xiàn)出疲勞，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)與“If we took a drop of blood...and fatigue products.”意思表達(dá)相反，故排除；第一段最后一句指出在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，腦力勞動(dòng)者的大腦血液中沒有疲勞因素，這不是科學(xué)家們的驚訝之處，且與D項(xiàng)意思不一致，故排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。
小題2:解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，使腦力勞動(dòng)者疲勞的主要原因是情感問題，最后一段指出了是哪些情感，故B項(xiàng)正確。
小題3:解析：選A。推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家的研究成果，作者對(duì)此進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的分析、論證，對(duì)情感態(tài)度導(dǎo)致人疲勞的觀點(diǎn)持肯定態(tài)度，并未對(duì)此進(jìn)行質(zhì)疑，故A項(xiàng)正確。
小題4:解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段的敘述可知，心理和情感態(tài)度是導(dǎo)致腦力勞動(dòng)者疲勞的主要原因，因而保持好的心理狀態(tài)才會(huì)感覺精力充沛；B項(xiàng)意為“喜歡他們的工作”，符合文意，這就避免了導(dǎo)致疲勞的煩躁、氣憤等情感。其余幾項(xiàng)都與導(dǎo)致疲勞的因素?zé)o關(guān)，故排除。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

(2013·高考四川卷，E)Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收縮) and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said，“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don’t see－and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，”Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced，we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
小題1:What is the finding of the study?
A．One’s heart affects how he feels fear.
B．Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat.
C．Fear has something to do with one’s health.
D．One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
小題2:The study was carried out by analyzing________.
A．volunteers’ heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B．the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C．volunteers’ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans
D．different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart­brain communication
小題3:Which of the following is closest in meaning to“mechanism” in Paragraph 6?
A．Order. B．System.
C．Machine. D．Treatment.
小題4:This study may contribute to________.
A．treating anxiety and stress better
B．explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C．finding the key to the heart­brain communication
D．understanding different fears in our hearts and heads

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Growing strawberries in pots

·The best way to start growing strawberries is to buy pot-grown strawberry plants m spring：5plants are plenty for a hanging basket and 10 for the average 13 inch-sized pot．
·Plant them immediately in soil-based compost(混合肥料) and they will produce a modest crop in their first year．The second year should see a bumper(特大的)crop，followed by a slightly lower yield(產(chǎn)量)the third summer .Then start again with fresh stock
·Careful watering and feeding are essential Ifyou are to harvest a good crop，you must never
let the compost dry out,particularly when the fruit is forming and ripening；if you do．most of your
crop will drop off血e bush almost immediately．
·Water well then leave the pots for up to 3 weeks，until they reach the point of drying out Be
Careful not to overwater them during the winter months．
Pruning apple trees
·A one-year-old tree is known as a “maiden”. It has a single stem when purchased. Immediately after planting, cut it back by about half to leave 4 good buds at the base of the stem.. This will force growth from the base or the plant during the summer.

·In the second year ,prune in winter by cutting all side branches back by about one-third, Make sure each cut is made cleanly just above an outward-facing bud. In the third and fourth years, new side branches will have emerged from the previous year’s growth. Cut back all these new side branches by a third, pruning to an outward-facing bud.
·By the fifth year the tree should have a well-balanced shape. From then on ,cut back all new branches by one-third in winter .Remove any diseased wood and broken branches, and ensure the centre is open to air circulation
小題1:The two pieces of advice probably appear in          
A．a(chǎn) scientific repotB．a(chǎn) gardening guideC．a(chǎn) book reviewD．a(chǎn) fashion column
小題2:A good crop of strawberries mainly depends on             
A．the size of a potB．the season of harvesting
C．the number of plants in a potD．careful watering and feeding
小題3:Cutting back all  side branches by a third is to        
A．remove the diseased and broken branches
B．keep the whole tree open to air circulation
C．force the apple tree to grow from the base in winter
D．help the apple tree to form a well-balanced shape
小題4:The two pieces of advice suggest that planting is closely related  to               
A．seasonB．waterC．compostD．cutting

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

New crime prediction software should reduce not only the murder rate, but the rate of other crimes. Developed by Richard Berk, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, the software has already used in Baltimore and Philadelphia to predict which individuals on probation(緩刑) or parole(假釋) are most likely to murder and to be murdered.
“When a person goes on probation or parole he is supervised(監(jiān)督) by an officer. The question is ‘what level of supervision is appropriate?’” said Berk. It used to be that parole officers used the person’s criminal record, and their judgment to make decisions.
“This research replaces those seat-of-the –pants calculations,” he said.
Technology helps determine level of supervision. On average there is one murder for every 100,000 people. Even among high-risk groups the murder rate is one in 100. Predicting such a rare event is very difficult, but advances in computer technology works.
Years ago, the researchers made a dataset of more than 60,000 various crimes. Using the software they developed, they found some much more likely to commit murder when paroled or probated. They could identify eight future murderers out of 100.
Berk’s software examines roughly two dozen variables(可變因素), from criminal record to geographic location. The type of crimes, and more importantly, the age at which that crime was committed, were two of the most predictive variables.
“People assume that if someone murdered then they will murder in the future,” said Berk. “ What really matters is what that person did as a young individual. Predicting future crimes sounds well. But we aren’t anywhere near being able to do that.”
“Berk’s scientific answer leaves policymakers with difficult questions. By labeling one group of people as high risk, and supervise them closely, there should be fewer murders, which the potential victims should be happy about. It also means that those high-risk individuals will be supervised more aggressively. For human rights advocates, that means punishing people who, most likely, will not commit a crime in the future,” said Bushway. “It comes down to a question of whether you would rather make these errors or those errors.”
小題1:The underlined words(in Para.3) probably mean___. 
A．calculations based on subjective opinions
B．calculations based on widespread voting
C．calculations made by advanced technology
D．calculations based on serious considering
小題2:For 650 people with crime records, how many potential murderers would the software find?
A．6.5.B．13.C．52.D．65.
小題3:From Para 7, we can infer that______.
A．the technology developed by Richard Berk will soon be widely used in the US
B．the technology would not be widely accepted in the short term
C．whether a person murders or not largely decided by his upbringing while young
D．if a person murdered when he was fifty, he is sure to murder again while on probation
小題4:Bushway’s attitude to the technology put forward by Richard Berk is ____.
A．positiveB．negativeC．objectiveD．indifferent
小題5:Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Closely Supervise Potential Murders
B．Measures Taken to Prevent Criminal Behavior
C．Technology Revolutionizes Judges’ Way of Working
D．Software is Developed to Predict Criminal Behavior

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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Parents can see that their children’s skills vary, skilled in some areas while poor in others. What most parents fail to realize, though, is that today’s children lack self-respect and self-confidence.
The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but parents are not teaching them the most important skills they need to be confident, happy and clever.
Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills like cooking, sewing and doing other housework.
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Some old machines, such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with will make him curious and arouse his interest. He will spend hours looking at them,tying to fix them ,your child might become an engineer when he grows up. These activities are not only teaching a child to read a book, but rather to think, to use his mind. And that is more important.
小題1:Parents in China according to this passage    .
A．a(chǎn)re too strict with their children
B．a(chǎn)re too rich to educate their children
C．have some problems in educating their children correctly
D．have no problems in educating their children strictly
小題2:The writer of the passage does not seem to be satisfied with    .
A．the parents’ ideas of educating their children
B．the education system of the school
C．children’s skills in cooking at home
D．children’s hobbies in the classroom
小題3:Doing some cooking at home helps children    .
A．learn how to serve their parents
B．learn how to become strong and fat
C．get a lot from it and prepare themselves for the future
D．make their parents believe that they are clever
小題4:According to the last paragraph we can conclude that    .
A．broken radios and television sets are useful
B．one’s interest and curiosity may be useful for his later life
C．a(chǎn)n engineer must fix many broken radios
D．a(chǎn) good student should spend much time repairing radios

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Eyesight problems are common among all ages and if they are left untreated, they can cause serious headaches or other problems. The good news is that most eyesight problems can easily be sorted out by wearing glasses.
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Wearing glasses isn’t always regarded as all that cool and teens who suddenly need to wear glasses may find it difficult to accept. If they’ve grown up wearing glasses, then they may be more used to it. However, if your eyes are in poor health, not wearing glasses can put even more pressure on your eyes and could make them even worse.
Thankfully, the days of little choice of glasses frames (框架) for teenagers are gone and there’s now a wide selection of frames. If a teen does need to wear glasses, then it’s good to let him or her choose the type, as he or she will be able to choose something he or she feels comfortable. Don’t forget to be guided by the experts on glasses too.
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A．have few eyesight problems
B．can design their own glasses
C．change their glasses very often
D．can check their eyes without paying
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C．Once a year.D．Twice a year.
小題3:It can be learned from the text that teens ______.
A．find it difficult to buy comfortable glasses
B．prefer to wear cool glasses at an early age
C．a(chǎn)re advised to wear glasses if their eyesight is poor
D．think they are much cooler when wearing glasses
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A．were unable to find the right glasses
B．only had a few styles to choose from
C．could not find an expert to ask for advice
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

In the past，people usually believed what newly­born babies wanted was food and to be kept warm and dry.They thought babies were not able to ____ things until they were five or six months old.____ the researchers in the United States now believe babies begin learning on their first ____ of life.They say babies are strongly ____ by their environment and one baby will ____ if his or her mother does something that the baby likes.
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小題1:
A．eat　　　　　　B．knowC．rememberD．learn
小題2:
A．Besides B．WhileC．ButD．Therefore
小題3:
A．hourB．dayC．weekD．month
小題4:
A．influencedB．a(chǎn)cceptedC．disturbedD．moved
小題5:
A．cryB．smileC．eatD．sing
小題6:
A．a(chǎn)nnoyB．loveC．noticeD．please
小題7:
A．liveB．connectC．speakD．smile
小題8:
A．disappearsB．informsC．existsD．happens
小題9:
A．inferB．supportC．denyD．instruct
小題10:
A．recognizeB．realizeC．receiveD．record
小題11:
A．sleepingB．deliveringC．shapingD．developing
小題12:
A．helpingB．raisingC．involvingD．containing
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A．sleeping soundlyB．lying downC．a(chǎn)waking clearlyD．sitting up
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A．a(chǎn)ssistedB．forcedC．a(chǎn)skedD．mentioned
小題15:
A．hobbyB．gestureC．decorationD．purpose
小題16:
A．negativeB．unmarkedC．significantD．side
小題17:
A．languageB．feelingC．brainD．body
小題18:
A．psychologistB．motherC．doctorD．researcher
小題19:
A．exploringB．findingC．feelingD．discovering
小題20:
A．a(chǎn)nxiousB．confidentC．worriedD．curious

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Where Are We Going, Dad? presents a new generation of men, in a break from Chinese tradition, now take an active role in their children's lives.
Five star fathers and their children travel around China, riding camels through the western deserts, fishing off the east coast, and selling vegetables for their bus fare home in remote southwestern Yunnan province. One dad doesn’t know how to do his daughter’s hair, but give him a couple of days — he’ll figure it out. Another one must survive with his son for three days in the desert, where, because neither can cook, the two only eat instant noodles.
These story lines are part of Where Are We Going, Dad? which, since its first show in October, has become one of China’s most popular television shows, covering more than 600 million viewers each week. And searches for Where Are We Going, Dad? turn up over 40 million hits on Sina Weibo, China’s Twitter.
“In traditional Chinese culture, the common conception of parenthood is that the father is strict and the mother is kind. But on the show, we see fathers who are much gentler on their kids and more concerned with their upbringing,” said Li Minyi, an associate professor of early childhood education at the leading Beijing Normal University. “An important question arises in this show for modern Chinese society — what is the role of fathers in today’s China?”
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The attraction of Where Are We Going, Dad? lies in the chance to have a close look at the lives of popular Chinese stars and their children. Audiences fancy watching the failed attempts of star dads making dinner, braiding hair(編頭發(fā)), and disciplining children — tasks often left to mothers in a society still influenced by the opinion that “men rule outside and women rule inside.”
小題1:From the passage, we can draw a conclusion that Where Are We Going, Dad? is         .
A．a(chǎn) TV showB．a(chǎn) novelC．a(chǎn) matchD．a(chǎn) news report
小題2:In Where Are We Going, Dad, we can probably learn about                          .
A．how the fathers do housework at home
B．how the children study in their spare time
C．how the fathers look after and guide their children
D．how the children help their father with their travel around China
小題3:Which of the following is RIGHT according to the passage?
A．In modern society, men should not care too much about their kids.
B．Where Are We Going, Dad has the most number of viewers in China.
C．In Chinese tradition, fathers always play an active part in their children’s lives.
D．While they bring up their children, parents are improving their parenting styles.
小題4:The reason why Where Are We Going, Dad is so popular in China may include the following EXCEPT that          .
A．a(chǎn)udiences enjoy laughing at others’ failure in life
B．it can make people laugh and think at the same time
C．people love watching the stars and their children’s lives closely
D．it presents a new generation of men’s role in their children’s lives

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



Having just quit a highly moneymaking job with tech giant Microsoft in the United States，where he’d made millions working as a program manager，Patrick Awuah would wake up once in a while wondering if he’d done the right thing．
What Awuah wanted was to create a university in his native Ghana．a(chǎn) state-of-the-art education centre that would help educate the country’s next generation of leaders．Awuah moved with his family back to Ghana．There，he invested his own money and with the help of other donors he founded Ashesi University．
“Africa needs to have a renaissance(復(fù)興),” says Awuah as he explained what drove him to take the risky decision．“The world needs to change in this way and I strongly believe that people like me need to be part of the solution；I need to be really actively involved in helping to drive this change in Africa‘‘
Located about an hour's drive from the capital Accra，Ashesi，which appropriately translates to “beginning,” is the first Ghanaian university to combine technical majors with a liberal arts approach．Its campus，set on 100 acres in a town called Berekuso，was designed to be inspiring for the more than 500 young Ghanaians studying there．
“So when I look at universities I see Africa fast—forward 30 years．When this 20-year-old is now in his or her 50s，that person is going to be a leader．”
Today Ashesi，which celebrates its 10th anniversary this year，offers degrees in business，information systems and computer science．There are plans to offer engineering and economics majors in the near future．The school’s graduation rate is between 70％and 90％，according to Awuah．
In our last freshman class，50％ of the students paid full tuition(學(xué)費(fèi))，25％were on full scholarships and 25％on partial scholarships ,”he said．“The reason why variety is so important is that the most important conversation on campus is a conversation about the good society—what is the good society we would like to see in Africa? That conversation is a lot more interesting if you have variety in the classroom，”adds Awuah．
小題1:In Awuah’s opinion，Africa should be changed by
A．investing more money for development
B．developing computer science
C．training future leaders for development
D．founding more universities
小題2:The underlined sentence in the first paragraph infers that “_____”.
A．Awuah regretted that he had once worked with Microsoft
B．Awuah would doubt if he should resign from Microsoft
C．Awuah wondered whether it was right to invest for a university
D．Awuah felt it wrong that he had refused a job with a large salary
小題3:The university founded by Awuah_____.
A．came into being 10 years agoB．was named with “beginning”
C．is located in the capital of GhanD．will be run for 30 years
小題4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Ashesi has offered five degrees since it was founded．
B．Awuah had earned millions of dollars before he left Microsoft．
C．50％ of the new students in Ashesi receive education for free．
D．Awuah was the only investor in setting up Ashesi University．

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