Dreaming is believing, claim researchers of a new study, who found that dreams have an effect on people’s behavior, judgment and they might contain important hidden truths as well.
“Psychologists’ explanations of the meaning of dreams vary widely. But our findings show that people believe their dreams provide meaningful insightinto themselves and their world,” said a lead author of the study Carey Morewedge, an assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University.
In six different studies, researchers surveyed nearly 1,100 people about their dreams. One of the studies focused on general beliefs about dreams and involved 149 university students. All students were asked to rate different theories about dreams. The experts found that a surprising majority of the participants supported the theory about dreams revealing(揭示) the hidden truths about themselves and the rest of the world.
In a second experiment, they surveyed 182 people at a Boston train station, and asked them to imagine one out of four possible situation that could have occurred the night before a scheduled airline trip. Most of the participants said that dreaming of a plane crash would be more likely to affect their travel plans than would just thinking about a crash, or being warned by the government of a terrorism risk. They said a dreamed crash would influence their travel plans just as much as learning about a real crash on their planned route would.
Another experiment involved 270 men and women from across the United States. In a short online survey, they were asked to recall one of the dreams they had seen about any person they knew.
The findings showed that people were more likely to remember and describe pleasant dreams about a person they liked, rather than a person they disliked. Meanwhile, in most cases they tended to consider an unpleasant dream as more meaningful if it was about a person they disliked.
“In other words,” said Morewedge, “people attribute meaning to dreams when it corresponds (與……一致) with their pre-existing beliefs and desires.”
The researchers say that more investigation is needed to fully understand how people interpret their dreams. According to Morewedge, most people realize that dreams are not predicting their future, but they still try to find some meaning in there.
小題1:. The purpose of the studies is to         .

A．determine when people tend to remember their dreams

B．research whether dreams have anything to do with real life

C．find out how people explain their dreams and what impact that has

D．understand what causes people to dream and how to interpret dreams

小題2: According to the second experiment, what might influence people’s travel plans most?

A．Thinking about a past plane crash.

B．Dreaming about a plane crash.

C．Hearing a government’s warning of a terrorism risk.

D．Imagining a plane crashing on their planned route.

小題3:. What can be concluded from the study?

A．Dreams can be a useful tool for learning and problem solving.

B．Most people disagree that dreams help them better know themselves and the world.

C．A majority of people believes that dreams can predict their future and try to find their meaning.

D．When a dream conflicts with people’s existing beliefs and desires, they tend to attribute less meaning to it.

小題4:. Which kind of dream is seen as more meaningful than the rest?

A．A pleasant dream about a person the dreamer likes.

B．A pleasant dream about a person the dreamer dislikes

C．An unpleasant dream about a person the dreamer likes.

D．An unpleasant dream about a person the dreamer dislikes.

Life gets noisier every day and very few people can be free from noise of some sort or another. It doesn't matter where you live---in the middle of a modern city or a faraway village---the chances are that you’ll be disturbed by jet planes, transistor radios, oil-powered engines, etc. We seem to be getting used to noise, too. Some people feel quite lonely without background music while they’re working.
Scientific tests have shown that total silence can be a very frightening experience for a human being. However, some people enjoy listening to pop music which is very loud, and this can do harm to their eardrums(耳鼓). The noise level in some discos is far above the usual safety level for heavy industrial areas.
One recent report about noise and concentration suggested that although a lot of people say that any noise disturbs their concentration, what really influences their ability to concentrate is a change in the level of noise. It goes on to say that a background noise which doesn't change too much (music, for example) may even help people to concentrate.
小題1:.
According to this passage, the noise pollution______.

A．has become the worst in the countryside

B．has become better in big cities

C．has spread from cities to villages

D．has been controlled in modern cities

小題2:.
What does background music refer to?

A．Music played while people are working.

B．Music played in the backyard.

C．Noise that continues while you’re listening to other noises.

D．Music used to help people to concentrate.

小題3:.
. Some people have their hearing harmed______.

A．while listening to pop music	B．in complete silence
C．when speaking loudly	D．while watching TV

The teacher was leaving the village, and everybody seemed sorry. The miller at Cresscombe lent him the small cart and horse to carry his goods to Christminster, the city of his destination, such a vehicle proving of quite enough size for the teacher's belongings, for his only article, in addition to the packing-case of books, was a piano that he had bought when he thought of learning instrumental music. But the eagerness having faded he had never acquired any skill in playing, and the purchased article had been a permanent trouble to him.
The headmaster had gone away for the day, being a man who disliked the sight of changes. He did not mean to return till the evening, when the new teacher would have arrived, and everything would be smooth again.
The blacksmith, the farm bailiff and the teacher were standing in confused attitudes in the sitting room before the instrument. The teacher had remarked that even if he got it into the cart he should not know what to do with it on his arrival at Christminster, since he was only going into a temporary place just at first.
A little boy of eleven, who had been assisting in the packing, joined the group of men, and said, ‘Aunt has got a fuel-house, and it could be put there, perhaps, till you’ve found a place to settle in, sir.’
‘Good idea,’ said the blacksmith.
The smith and the bailiff started to see about the possibility of the suggested shelter, and the boy and the teacher were left standing alone.
‘Sorry I am going, Jude?’ asked the latter kindly.
Tears rose into the boy’s eyes. He admitted that he was sorry.
‘So am I,’ said Mr. Phillotson.
‘Why do you go, sir?’ asked the boy.
‘Well—don't speak of this everywhere. You know what a university is, and a university degree? It is the necessary hallmark (標志) of a man who wants to do anything in teaching. My scheme, or dream, is to be a university graduate. By going to live at Christminster, I shall be at headquarters, so to speak, and if my scheme is practicable at all, I consider that being on the spot will afford me a better chance.’
The smith and his companion returned. Old Miss Fawley's fuel-house was practicable; and she seemed willing to give the instrument standing-room there. So it was left in the school till the evening, when more hands would be available for removing it; and the teacher gave a final glance round.
At nine o'clock Mr. Phillotson mounted beside his box of books, and waved his friends good-bye.
小題1:It seemed that the teacher _____.

A．was not getting on well with the headmaster

B．had lived a rather simple life in the village

C．was likely to continue to practice playing the piano

D．would get help in the city on arriving there

小題2: The motivation of the teacher’s moving lay in his _____.

A．a(chǎn)mbition

B．devotion

C．a(chǎn)dmiration

D．inspiration

小題3: The boy named Jude may be described as _____. 

A．polite, generous and cheerful	B．a(chǎn)ctive, modest and friendly
C．kind, bright and helpful	D．calm, confident and humorous

小題4:In the passage the writer describes both the teacher’s _____.

A．love for music and his dislike for musical instruments

B．hard work in the village and his strong interest in city life

C．friendship with some villagers and also conflicts with others

D．eagerness to go to the city and his affection for the village

A group of students in Japan have created a realistic robot baby to motivate young people to start planning a family so as to increase the country’s birth rate. The automated (自動化的)doll developed at the University of Tsukuba, called Yotara, laughs and “wakes up” when a rattle is shaken.
He can become angry and sleep like a real baby and he smiles when his stomach is pressed. The robot can also sneeze and have a runny nose, thanks to a heated water pump system. The students of the Graduate school of Comprehensive Human Science at the university created the robot last year with touch sensors. A projector sends the facial features onto a warm silicon balloon which makes up Yotara’s face. The robot’s facial expression and body movements change according to pressure applied to different parts of its body.
The information collected through touch sensors（傳感器）under the silicon skin is processed by a special programme. It then changes the baby’s expression projected onto the balloon-face from behind. There is a hat on the robot’s head and a colorful blanket covering the robot’s limbs which simulate wiggling(擺動) with the help of a geared motor. “We wanted to create a new type of robot that is soft, cuddly and cute,” said project leader Hiroki Kunimura.
“We’d like people to experience the innocent, joyful expressions typical of small babies. Through this experience, it would be great if some people started feeling that they wanted to have their own baby, if they started feeling that work is not everything.”
Japan’s birth rate is among the lowest in the developed world at 1.37%, compared to 2.12% in the United States and l.84%in Britain. Japan is facing serious economic consequences with over a quarter of its citizens expected to be aged over 65 by 20l5.The population is expected to reduce by a third within 50 years if the birth rate does not increase．
小題1:. What is the students’ purpose of creating such a baby?

A．To help old people who live alone．	B．To give small children some pleasure
C．To comfort lonely young people．	D．To increase the population of Japan．

小題2:What’s the new type of robot like in Hiroki Kunimura’s mind?

A．It can do everything for humans．	B．It is clever, humorous and loyal．
C．It is gentle, lovely and smart．	D．It makes humans unhappy．

小題3:. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Many young people in Japan don’t want to get married．

B．There may be a lack of workers in Japan in the future．

C．The lifespan(壽命)of Japanese people will decrease in the future．

D．The birth rate in Japan will start to increase slowly soon．

We can all contribute to a greener world．Just follow these ten golden rules:
●Stop getting junk mail．Billions of junk mail can be sent every year．Half of it is never opened．Get-your name off mailing lists．If 100,000 people stopped getting junk mail today, it would save 150,000 trees a year．
●Stop reading newspapers．All over the world, millions of newspapers are thrown away every day, 44 million newspapers in the USA alone —that's half a million trees a week．Either recycle your newspapers or read the hews online．
●Buy clothes made from organic materials．Conventional cotton farming seriously pollutes the environment, most of which uses chemical pesticides （農(nóng)藥） and fertilizers． Organic is better!
●Switch to solar energy．In one day, the sun will provide enough energy to power the planet．Why aren't we using it?
●If you have to drive, share the ride．Most cars in the USA have only one occupant．Also, 25 percent of car rides are less than 1．5 kilometres．Get out and walk!
●Unplug your PC, TV and VCR．Simply turning them off isn't enough．Sets left on standby are still using 25 percent of their power．
●Hold on to your balloons．Helium-filled balloons which fly away usually end up in a lake or river, where they can choke aquatic (水生的) creatures．Save your balloons and use them again．Or better still, don't use them at all．
●Feed the birds．Wild birds need food, especially in v/inter when other sources can be scarce．The greater the range of foodstuffs you put out for them, the more types of birds you will attract．
●Plant a garden at your school．Learn the connection between the land and the table．Plant vegetables to eat, flowers to admire and trees to improve the air．
小題1:.
What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To provide some health advice on how to work．

B．To suggest some ways how to make full use of solar energy．

C．To advise protecting environment and saving energy．

D．To advise on how to recycle waste and save energy．

小題2:.
．The underlined expression "left on standby" in the sixth rule means__   __．

A．ready to start and use electricity	B．ready to be turned off
C．ready to be repaired	D．ready to be．put away

小題3:.
．Which of the following will NOT protect trees from being cut down to make paper?

A．Not buying newspapers．	B．Don't accept junk mail．
C．Read your newspaper online．	D．Read only one newspaper．

Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. “Flight distance” is the term used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance—the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard’s(壁虎) flight distance, on the other hand, is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.
　 Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. “Critical distance” includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates(進入) the lion’s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion turns back and begins slowly to stalk (逼近) the man.
　 Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal(致命的) for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group—that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group—it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when it goes beyond its limits.
Social distance is not always rigidly(刻板的) fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother’s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shortens. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.
小題1:.
Which of the following is the correct explanation of “Flight Distance” in paragraph 1?

A．Distance between animals of the same species before fleeing.

B．Distance between large and small animals before fleeing.

C．Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing.

D．Distance between certain animal species before fleeing.

小題2:.
If a lion’s critical distance is penetrated, it will __________.

A．begin to attack.

B．try to hide.

C．begin to jump.

D．run away.

小題3:.
. The example of “children holding hands when crossing the street” in the last paragraph shows that ________.

A．social distance is not always needed.

B．there is no social distance among small children.

C．humans are different from animals in social distance.

D．social distance is sometimes determined by outside factors.

小題4:.
. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A．Critical Distance

B．Social Distance

C．Relationship Between Animals

D．Spacing in Animals

Research shows that humans switch from selfish to unselfish behavior when they are watched. Do you?
A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the way people act. Even images of eyes on a charity donation, collection box encourage people to be unselfish, because people put more money in a
collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower symbol is on the box.
Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin, the authors of a new study, found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behavior. Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously, or without realizing it.
It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched. A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish. When other fish are around, it is gentler. When no other fish are around, however, the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposed to be cleaning.
The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched. This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster. On it was a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing, it appeared, to the person who was looking at the poster. Under the picture was the caption 'I Want You' It encouraged hundreds of thousands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese.
小題1:.
According to the report, why does a person behave better when he feels he is being watched?
   

A．He does not want to be shamed by others.

B．He needs to show he is a good person.

C．He desires others to like him more.

D．He feels he will receive some social reward.

小題2:.
．What is the text mainly about?

A．It describes changed behavior when observed.

B．It details ways to control people's behavior.

C．It tells how to make people work harder.

D．It discusses different advertising methods.

小題3:.
According to the text, which of the following statements is true?

A．People pretend to behave better when they are watched.
B．Fish bite other fish in a fish tank when they are alone.	C．People donate more money when they feel they are watched.
D．Soldiers fought better during World War II because of a poster.

小題4:.
．Where would the study described in the text most likely be found?

A．In a newspaper.	B．In a scientific journal.
C．In an advertising magazine.	D．In a science textbook.

If cars had wings，they could fly and that just might happen, beginning in 2011.The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its car-plane, the Transition, to customers by the end of 2011.
“It’s the next ‘wow’ vehicle，”said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh .“Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris don’t fly.”
The car plane has wings that unfold for flying—a process the company says takes one minute—and fold back up for driving. A runway is still required to take off and land.
The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is both. The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations.
The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly. They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then you’re good to go. When you land, you fold up the wings and hit the road. There are no expensive parking fees because you don’t have to store it at an airport—you park it in the garage at home.
The car-plane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers. Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal(臨界)conditions.
The Transition’s price tag: $194,000, But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, transponder or GPS. Another option is a full-plane parachute.
“If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option,” Gersh said.
So far, the company has more than 70 orders with deposits.“We’re working very closely with them, but there are still some remaining steps,” Brown said.
小題1:
We can learn from the first paragraph that     .

A．car-planes will be popular in 2011

B．people might drive a car-plane in 2011

C．both Transition and Ferrari can take off and land

D．Richard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts

小題2:
lt takes the car-plane one minute to     .

A．fold and unfold its wings	B．unfold wings for flying
C．land in the airport	D．meet flying safety regulations

小題3:
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. The car-plane needs a runway to take off and land.
B. To meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA.
C. The car-plane may fly as high as normal planes.
D. People can park the car-plane in the garage at their home.
小題4:
The underlined word “it” in the last but one paragraph refers to     .

A．the radio

B．the transponder

C．the GPS

D．the full-plane parachute

小題5:
What’s the best title for the passage?

A．Cars With Wings May Be Just Around The Corner

B．Which to Choose: A Ferrari or a Car Plane?

C．A more Convenient and Cheaper Way to Fly

D．Cars With Wings Can Fly as Fast as Planes

Thanks to a combination of young businessmen, large numbers of university students and revitalization (新生) efforts by the local and national governments, today’s Nanjing has an      36   of youthful exuberance (繁茂) that would have been    37   only a few decades ago.   38  , the city, a booming city of 6.5 million on the banks of the Yangtze River some 185 miles west of Shanghai, bears    39   resemblance to the former capital of China that suffered the worst cruelty and violence of World War II.
40   Nanjing has shown a remarkable capacity for reinvention during its 2,500-year history. And in recent years, the city has moved    41   its tragic past to become a vital engine of China’s economic growth, thanks    42   to its position in the middle of China’s prosperous eastern seaboard. Growth has also    43   thanks to improved ground transportation: A new bullet train linking Nanjing and Shanghai started service last year,    44   travel time between the cities from several hours to just 75 minutes, and a Beijing-Shanghai high-speed line is    45  to open later this year, with a stop in Nanjing. Within the city, two metro lines were built in the last few years; 15 more are planned to begin service by 2030.
Signs of Nanjing’s    46   wealth and optimism can be seen everywhere. In the heart of the downtown Xinjiekou district, a bronze statue of Sun Yat-sen,    47   the father of modern China, looks    48   over a busy    49   area.
There is perhaps no more    50   symbol of the city’s transformation than the Zifeng Tower, a 1,480-foot skyscraper that opened its doors last May.    51   offices, restaurants and an InterContinental hotel, the tower is the second-tallest building in China and billed as the seventh-tallest in the world.
Underlying all this development is a large Chinese and    52  student population — there are several major universities, plus a branch of Johns Hopkins’s international studies school. In fact, art and music    53   in all sorts of places.
On a larger    54  , local government officials and private investors are pushing the city as a rising center for contemporary art and architecture, hoping to attract    55   from the neon-bathed streets of its neighbor Shanghai.

小題1:	A．a(chǎn)dvance B．a(chǎn)ffection C．a(chǎn)ir D．a(chǎn)bility

小題2:	A．unforgettable B．unthinkable C．unbearable D．unnecessary

小題3:	A．Actually B．Regretfully C．Hopefully D．Consequently

小題4:	A．close B．slight C．much D．little

小題5:	A．Because B．But C．As D．Since

小題6:	A．beyond B．on C．off D．out

小題7:	A．in addition B．in all C．in part D．in fact

小題8:	A．started B．enlarged C．existed D．a(chǎn)ccelerated

小題9:	A．removing B．cutting C．dividing D．lowering

小題10:

A．scheduled B．invented C．desired D．meant

小題11:

A．a(chǎn)ttractive B．well-received C．newfound D．discovered

小題12:

A．thought B．treated C．considered D．elected

小題13:

A．out B．a(chǎn)t C．a(chǎn)bout D．for

小題14:

A．remote B．regional C．rural D．commercial

小題15:

A．universal B．visible C．traditional D．political

小題16:

A．Keeping B．Consisting C．Opening D．Housing

小題17:

A．British B．western C．American D．foreign

小題18:

A．spring up B．stand up C．set up D．keep up

小題19:

A．extent B．degree C．scale D．level

小題20:

A．businessmen B．students C．tourists D．painters

When it comes to protecting the privacy of their children, U.S. parents give social networks a failing grade. According to a recent survey, three out of four parents believe social networks are not doing a good job of protecting kids’ online privacy.
The survey was conducted for Common Sense Media, a nonprofit organization devoted to helping families find the right way to deal withthe world of media and technology.
Ninety-two percent of parents said they are concerned that children share too much information online, and 85 percent said they are more concerned about online privacy than they were five years ago. In other findings, Common Sense Media found that 68% of parents are not at all confident in search engines keeping their private information safe and secure and 71% of parents said the same about social networking sites.
The survey found a great deal of concern about the online geo-location services which find and show the exact position of somebody through the net. Ninety-one percent of parents said search engines and social networking sites should not be able to share the physical location of children with other companies unless the parents approve.
“The survey results present a clear divide between the industry’s view of privacy and the opinion of parents and kids,” Common Sense Media CEO and founder James Steyer said.
“American families are deeply worried about how their personal information is being used by technology and online companies, yet the companies appear to be keeping their heads deep in the sand,” Steyer said.
IT companies need to step up but parents, children, schools and government also need to do more, he said.
“Parents and kids have to educate themselves about how to protect their information,” he said. “Schools should teach all students and their parents about privacy protection.”
“And finally, policymakers have to update privacy policies for the 21st century,” he said. According to the survey, more than 60 percent of parents want the US Congress to update online privacy laws for children and teenagers.
小題1: What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean?

A．Refusing to admit the problem.	B．Refusing to work with others.
C．Trying to find a solution to the problem	D．Trying to look deep into the problem.

小題2: According to James Steyer, the following organizations should make more contributions to protecting    
children’s online privacy except __________.

A．IT companies

B．Government

C．Schools

D．Nonprofit Organizations

小題3:What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Parents are worried about social networks because they lead to the children’s failing grades.

B．Most US parents agree that the online geo-location services should be forbidden.

C．Most USparents will support a law that limits IT companies to using personal information.

D．US Congress has not yet passed any online privacy law for children and teenagers.

小題4: Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?

A．US Congress to Update Privacy Policies for 21st Century

B．Common Sense Media Warns Against Social Networks

C．US Parents Want Better Online Privacy Protection for Kids

D．Worry Grows for Problems Caused by Social Networks