Imagine living locked inside a closet. You can’t choose when and what to eat or how you will spend your time. You can’t even decide when the lights go on and off. Think about spending your whole life like this.
This is the life of lab animals.
Now consider the needs of these animals. Chimpanzees(黑猩猩),in their natural homes, are never separated from their families. They spend hours together every day. But in a lab, chimpanzees are put in cages alone. There are no families, only cold, hard cages, and loneliness that goes on for so many years that most of them lose their minds at last.
Worse yet are the experiments. Animals are given diseases they would never normally get. Experimenters force-feed(給……強(qiáng)行喂食) chemicals to them, conduct repeated surgeries(手術(shù)),and much more, Think of what it would be like to put up with these and then be thrown back into a cage, usually without any painkillers. Often animals see other animals being killed right in front of them.
Hundreds of thousands of animals are poisoned, blinded, and killed every year in product tests for shampoos, skin creams and new cancer drugs. Although more than 500 companies have stopped testing on animals, some of them still force chemicals into monkeys’ stomachs and rabbits’ eyes.
Although some facilities are better than others at caring for animals—not every lab worker kills a mouse by cutting off its head with scissors—there are no happy animals inside laboratories. Will the lab life end? When will it end?
小題1:The passage mainly tells us about       .

A．a(chǎn)nimals’ lives in laboratories

B．cruel experiments on animals

C．the needs of animals in labs

D．facilities used to care for animals

小題2:Animals in a lab         .
①are very cold, and in separate cages
②feel lonely locked inside a cage
③aren’t fed anything but chemicals
④are forced to undergo cruel tests
⑤are forced to eat chemicals

A．①③④

B．②③⑤

C．②④⑤

D．①④⑤

小題3:We can infer from the passage that _________.

A．some companies have found ways to replace animal tests

B．a(chǎn)nimals normally get no strange diseases

C．a(chǎn)nimals are happy in labs with better facilities

D．painkillers can change the results of experiments

小題4:The author’s attitude towards the future of animals for experiment can be described as _______.

A．positive

B．worried

C．satisfied

D．disappointed

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing．It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child: This might happen at any stage．A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads．On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself．
Patents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children．Some may be especially strict in money matters．Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals．In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness．
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching．To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality．Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”．If they are not sincere and do not practice what they teach, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled．
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment．
小題1:Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills _________．

A．should be avoided

B．is universal among parents

C．sets up dangerous states of worry in the child

D．will make him lose interest in learning new things

小題2:In the process of children’s learning new skills, parents ______．

A．should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read

B．should not expect too much of them

C．should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own

D．should create as many learning opportunities as possible

小題3:The second paragraph mainly tells us that __________．

A．parents should be strict with their children

B．parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community

C．parental restrictions vary, and are not always intended for the benefit of the children alone

D．parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation

小題4:In moral matters, parents should __________．

A．observe the rules themselves

B．be aware of the marked difference between adults and children

C．forbid things which have no foundation in morality

D．consistently ensure the security of their children

Do you know how to play a game called “Musical Chairs”？It is easy to play and most people enjoy it. All you need are some chairs, some people and some way of making music. You may use a piano or any other musical instrument, if someone can play it. You may use a tape recorder. You can even use a radio.
Put the chairs in a row. The chairs may be put in twos, back to back. A better way is to have the chairs in one row with each chair facing in the opposite direction to the chair next to it.
The game is easy. When the music starts, the players walk round the chairs. Everyone goes in the same direction, of course, they should walk in time to the music. If the music is fast they should walk quickly. If the music is slow, they should walk slowly.
The person playing music cannot see the people in the game. When the music stops, the players try to sit on the chairs. If a person cannot find a chair to sit on, he drops out. Then, before the music starts again, one chair must be taken away. When the music stops again, one more player will be out.. At last, there will be two players and one chair. The one who sits on the chair when the music stops is the winner.
小題1:If ten people are playing musical chairs，you must begin with _______.

A．nine chairs

B．ten chairs

C．eleven chairs

D．one chair

小題2:Which of the following is not suitable for playing musical chairs？ _______.

A．A piano

B．A radio

C．A tape recorder

D．A telephone

小題3:The chairs should be put _______.

A．with the desks

B．before the winner

C．a(chǎn)ll over the room

D．in a line

小題4:When the music starts，the players must _______.

A．run about the room	B．get down
C．walk around the chairs	D．sit on the chairs

小題5: Which of the following statements is NOT true？

A．The game “Musical Chairs” is not difficult to learn.

B．The last one can sit on the last chair.

C．The winner can sit on the chair.

D．If the person plays music, he cannot be the winner.

The University of Wales, Bangor has been rated the top university in the UK for the help and support provided for students by the Times Higher Education Supplement.We want to make sure all our students are happy and that they enjoy their time here in Bangor. We realize that you may need some support during your time here to solve some personal problems or difficulties.
Our Student Services Centre and the Students’ Union can offer the following:
● An advice service that is free and confidential.
● You’ll have a personal teacher in your department.
● A Peer Guide will welcome you to Bangor during your first week and answer any question you might have.
● Student Services and Security are on call during the day and there is a warden (管理人) on call at evenings and weekends at all our halls of residence.
● Personal support and advice on a variety of problems through the Students’ Union Welfare Advice Centre.
● Nightline, a confidential support service run during the night by students for students.
● A team of staff volunteers are available to deal with any serious incident which happens outside normal university hours.
● Health care in daily surgeries where you don’t need an appointment. You will need to register with a local General Practitioner (全科醫(yī)師). We also have a nurse who can make visits to your place when necessary.
● An adviser for international students.
● A room where local postgraduate students who live at home and travel to the university each day, can spend their free time.
The university welcomes applications from disabled students and aims to provide equal opportunities for all. For more information please see our Student Services pages.
小題1:The passage is mainly about _______ at the University of Wales, Bangor.

A．health service and welfare	B．education and training
C．the student service organizations	D．the daily life of students

小題2:The University of Wales, Bangor is well-known for _______.

A．the care and support offered to students

B．its super teachers and star students

C．its attention to disabled students

D．teaching quality and achievements

小題3:The following are all services offered by the Student Services Centre and the Students’ Union EXCEPT that _____.

A．a(chǎn) personal tutor can help you in your department

B．Student Services and Security works around the clock

C．you can ask for personal support and advice on a variety of problems

D．a(chǎn) free career center can help you find a job

小題4:The author’s main purpose of writing the passage is to ________.

A．show that the university treats all students equally

B．inform students with disabilities about the university

C．a(chǎn)ttract more students to the university to study

D．introduce student organizations of the university

Dogs have an understanding of fair play and become angry if they feel that another dog is getting a better deal, a new study has found.
The study looked at how dogs react when a companion is rewarded for the same trick in an unequal way. Friederike Range, a researcher at the University of Vienna in Austria, and her colleagues did a series of experiments with dogs who knew how to respond to the command “give the paw “. The dogs were normally happy to repeatedly give the paw, whether they got a reward or not. But that changed if they saw that another dog was being rewarded with a piece of food, while they received nothing.
“We found that the dogs hesitated significantly longer when obeying the command to give the paw,” the researchers write. The unrewarded dogs eventually stopped cooperating.
Scientists have long known that humans pay close attention to inequity. But researchers always assumed that animals didn’t share the trait. “The argument was that this is a uniquely human phenomenon,” says Frans de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University in Atlanta.
That changed in 2003 when he and a colleague did a study on monkeys. The monkeys had to hand a small rock to researchers to get a piece of cucumber in return. They were happy to do this. But if they saw that another monkey was getting a more delicious reward, a grape, for doing the same job, they would throw away the food and rock, and at some point just stopped performing.
In that experiment, the monkeys considered the fairness of two different types of payment. But when Range and her colleagues did a similar study with their trained dogs, testing to see if dogs would become upset if they only got dark bread when other dogs received sausage, they found that as long as the dogs got some kind of food payment, even if it wasn’t the most delicious kind, the animals would play along.
小題1:How did the dogs in Range’s study react to the order of “giving the paw”?

A．They took the order even without being rewarded.

B．They took the order only when rewarded.

C．They turned a deaf ear to repeated orders.

D．They hesitated longer when given repeated orders.

小題2: The research by Frans De Waal in 2003 ___________.

A．originated from Range’s research on dogs.

B．showed that animals do pay attention to inequity.

C．began the argument that only humans are aware of inequity.

D．was conducted to find out how monkeys reacted to humans’ orders.

小題3: Some monkeys in the research become angry because they found another monkey _______.

A．was given less work.

B．was given more food.

C．was given the same type of food.

D．was given more delicious food.

小題4: Range found that, compared with monkeys, dogs ____________.

A．care more about whether they are rewarded.

B．care less about what they are rewarded with.

C．care more about what they are ordered to do.

D．care less about who gives them orders.

小題5: What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Animals have various ways to show their anger.

B．Dogs are less intelligent than monkeys.

C．Dogs have a sense of fairness.

D．Most animals want to be rewarded equally.

It is common for older people to forget things. Now an American study has found that memory starts to fail when we are young adults. People younger than thirty years of age usually do not know that they are starting to forget information. But scientists from the University of Michigan say the loss of memory has usually already started.
Researchers say people do not observe this slow reduction in mental ability until the loss affects their everyday activities.
Denise Park led the new study. She directs the Centre for Aging and Cognition at the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. Her team studied more than 350 men and women between the ages of twenty and ninety years. The study identified people in their middle twenties with memory problems.
She says young adults do not know they are forgetting things because their brains have more information than they need.
But she says that people in their twenties and thirties are losing memory at the same rate as people in their sixties and seventies.
Ms. Park says people between the ages of sixty and seventy may note the decrease in their mental abilities. They begin to observe that they are having more trouble remembering and learning new information.
The study found that older adults are more likely to remember false information as being true. For example, they remembered false medical claims as being true. Younger people remembered hearing the information. But they were more likely to remember that it was false.
Ms. Park is now using modern imaging equipment to study what happens in the brains of people of different ages. She is studying what parts of the brain older adults use for different activities compared to younger adults. Ms. Park says mental performance is a direct result of brain activity and brain structure. She says keeping the brain active is important. She hopes future studies will identify ways to improve the operation of our aging minds.
小題1:The passage is meant to _____________.

A．emphasize the importance of exercising the brain

B．a(chǎn)nalyze the difference between different age groups on the loss of memory

C．reveal the decrease in mental ability of young adults as well as older adults

D．introduce effective ways to improve memory

小題2: According to the passage, young adults differ from older adults in that ________.

A．they lose their memory at a slower rate

B．they rarely realize they have memory problems

C．their brains can store much more information

D．a(chǎn)ll of the above

小題3: Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

A．Not until the loss of memory affects their daily activities, do people notice the decrease in their mental abilities.

B．People begin to lose memory in their twenties.

C．Older people tend to remember false information as being true.

D．Younger people find it easier to remember the information that is proven false.

小題4:It can be inferred from what Denis Park says that ______.

A．mental performance can be improved

B．mental ability is determined entirely by brain structure

C．people of different ages use different parts of the brain for memorizing

D．different parts of the brain are responsible for different mental activities

小題5:Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage?

A．The Mysterious Brain	B．The Ability to Forget
C．Memory Reduction	D．Mental Performance

As in the field of space travel, new technologies continue to appear in undersea exploration. They share a number of similarities with each other — as well as some important differences.
Manned submersibles (潛水器), like spaceships, must maintain living conditions in an unnatural environment. While a spaceship must simply be sealed against the vacuum space, a submersible must be able to bear extreme pressure if it is not to break up in deep water.
In exploring space, unmanned vehicles were employed before astronauts. In undersea exploration, on the other hand, men paved the way, and only recently have unmanned remote-operated vehicles (ROVs) been put to use.
One reason for this is that communicating with vehicles in orbit is much easier than talking to those underwater. A vacuum is an ideal medium for radio communications, but underwater communications are limited to much slower sound waves. Thus, most undersea vehicles — particularly ROVs — operate at the end of long ropes.(電纜終端)
For a similar reason, knowing where you are undersea is much more difficult than in space. A spaceship’s position can be located by following its radio signal, or by using telescopes and radar. For an undersea vehicle, however, a special network of sonar （聲納系統(tǒng)）devices must be laid out in advance on the ocean floor in the area of a dive to locate the vehicle’s position.
Though undersea exploration is more challenging than outer space in a number of respects, it has a distinct advantage: going to the ocean depths doesn’t require the power necessary to escape Earth’s gravity. Thus, it remains far less expensive.
小題1:The purpose of the passage is ______.

A．to persuade you to explore the depths of the ocean

B．to stress the importance of the undersea exploration

C．to make you believe that the undersea exploration is better

D．to tell some differences between two kinds of explorations

小題2: By saying “men paved the way” in Paragraph 2 the author means that in undersea exploration ______.

A．unmanned vehicles were used in the beginning

B．men covered the ocean floor with stones and bricks

C．manned vehicles were employed before unmanned ones

D．men invented unmanned remote-operated vehicles in the past

小題3:The sonar devices must be placed ______.

A．from time to time

B．a(chǎn)fter the undersea vehicles dive

C．before the undersea vehicles dive

D．when the undersea vehicles are diving

小題4:What can we infer from the passage?

A．Submersibles usually break up in deep water.

B．Undersea vehicles can receive signals immediately.

C．Going to space needs power to escape the gravity.

D．Radio communications are quite difficult in a vacuum.

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.       
If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God." came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff(即興的)remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
小題1:To make your humor work, you should ________.

A．take advantage of different kinds of audience

B．make fun of the disorganized people.

C．a(chǎn)ddress different problems to different people.

D．show sympathy for your listeners.

小題2: The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.

A．impolite to new arrivals.

B．very conscious of their godlike role.

C．entitled to some privileges.

D．very busy even during lunch hours.

小題3: It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.

A．have benefited many people.

B．a(chǎn)re the focus of public attention.

C．a(chǎn)re an inappropriate subject for humor.

D．have often been the laughing stock.

小題4:To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.

A．in well-worded language.	B．a(chǎn)s awkwardly as possible.
C．in exaggerated statement.	D．a(chǎn)s casually as possible.

小題5: The best title for the text may be ________.

A．Use Humor Effectively.	B．Various Kinds of Humor.
C．Add Humor to Speech.	D．Different Humor Strategies.

Learning new words is learning new ideas: High school students can take control of
their learning by always looking up new words and finding out what they mean. They should keep a dictionary and a thesaurus close at hand.
Make clear lists: Students should make a list of everything that they need to get done. They should check off assignments（作業(yè)）once completed. They should include clear due dates.
Make a commitment: Active learners will resolve to keep up –to-date from the start. They will avoid procrastinating. They will complete most of their work as early as possible.
Independent work is best: Students will do all assignments independently—they will never copy! Students who copy are passive learners. Passive learners do not give their mind a chance to think on its own.
Organization is key: Students should keep an excellent folder and notebook. All problems should be clearly stated and solutions given. All tests and quizzes should be corrected and used as study guides for exams and finals.
All actions without solutions are dead: Active learners will always show their work needed to solve a problem. Active learners will never turn in a list of answers without giving an explanation or a solution.
Advanced reading: Students should do any required reading for the topic before class. They should write an outline of the section or chapter. They should actively take notes as they read to help them remember.
小題1:If you want to be successful in exams and finals you should       .

A．give your mind a chance to think on its own

B．check off your papers once completed

C．keep an excellent folder and notebook

D．hand in your homework on time

小題2:What does the underlined word” procrastinating” mean?

A．be active doing something

B．finishing doing something

C．delaying doing something

D．doing something ahead

小題3:The best title of the passage is “        ”.

A．How to Be an Effective Reader

B．How to Get Good Scores in Tests

C．How to Collect Academic Information

D．How to Actively Study in High School

Imagine that the genome (基因組) is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube. This is an enormous document. A huge volume, a cook book of great length, and it all fits inside the extremely small nucleus (核) of a tiny cell that fits easily upon the head of a pin.
The idea of the genome as a book is not, strictly speaking, even a metaphor (比喻), It is true to a great extent. A book is a piece of digital information, written in one-directional form and defined by a code that translates a small alphabet of letters into a large dictionary of meanings through the order of their groupings. So is a genome. The only complication is that all English books read from left to right, while some parts of the genome read from left to right, and some from right to left, though never both at the same time.
While English books are written in words of different lengths using twenty-six letters. Genomes are written entirely in three-letter words, using only four letters, And instead of being written on flat pages, they are written on long chains of DNA molecules (分子), The genome is a very clever book, because in the right conditions it can both photocopy itself and read itself.
小題1:How do human genomes read according to the passage?

A．Only from left to right.	B．Only from right to left.
C．From both directions at the same time	D．From one direction at a time

小題2:We can learn from the passage that the human genome ______.

A．is as long as the River Danube

B．can be easily placed on the head of a pin

C．is coded with and alphabet of four letters

D．is smart enough to read and take photos of itself

小題3:It can be concluded that the passage is mainly written for ______.

A．specialists in the field	B．general readers
C．natural scientists	D．readers with academic background

小題4:The real purpose of the author’s comparison of the genome to a book is ______.

A．to focus on the differences between the two

B．to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two

C．to simplify the concept of the human genome

D．to give an exact description of the human genome