They can be seen more frequently than ever before on college campuses, wearing flannel(法蘭絨) and thick?framed glasses while listening to music. One might find them playing unusual musical instruments, shopping at second?hand stores or expressing themselves in other unique ways.

They call themselves hipsters. Being “hip” used to mean following the latest fashion. But gradually the word has become a sign of “being cool, unique and unusual”．

Hipsters value independent thinking, progressive politics, an appreciation of creativity and intelligence. Hipsters take pains and pride in not being mainstream. However, their culture has become quite trendy. This irony(諷刺) is central to their culture and offers an interesting conflict.

“I do take things in the mainstream with a positive attitude，” says Ben Polson, a college student at Brown University. “But sometimes I also question what determines popularity, especially regarding music.” Polson represents many hipsters.

When less?known bands become popular, they often lose their former fan base in exchange for a new one. There is a famous hipster saying that goes, “I used to like that band before it got popular，” Polson quoted.

According to Polson, bands' music changes when they go mainstream. They become less experimental, doing things just to save popularity and fans. The original elements that we were drawn to slowly disappear for the sake of popularity.

Many young adults have started to view hipsters' outlook as cool and they are adopting hipsters' anti?mainstream culture mind to themselves. This has led to specialized brands, stores and music for the hipster consumers. But on the other hand, some such stores, including clothing labels Urban Outfitters and American Apparel, have gained mainstream popularity. This has seemingly made the anti?mainstream culture become weaker.

“A lot of people that are self?defined hipsters aren't really hipsters. They're just trying to act as hipsters to seem cooler，” says Amanda Leopold, a college student from Oberlin College, US. Although Leopold has many unusual tastes and seems quite individualist, she refuses to classify herself as a hipster.

1.In the passage, hipsters refer to people ________.

A．who are fans of pop music

B．who study in different colleges

C．who appear cool and unusual

D．who try to attract others

2.According to the author, ________.

A．hipsters are the pioneers of the mainstream

B．hipsters are unhappy with the mainstream

C．hipsters' culture exists mainly in music field

D．hipsters' culture can also become popular

3.What is the main idea of the seventh paragraph?

A．Urban Outfitters and American Apparel are famous clothing labels.

B．Hipster consumers have more specialized brands, stores and music.

C．Anti?mainstream culture can gain mainstream popularity.

D．The culture of hipsters is becoming more and more terrible.

4.When describing hipsters, the author speaks ________.

A．in an ironic voice B．in an objective voice

C．in an angry voice D．in a funny voice

When I entered Berkeley College, I hoped to earn a scholarship. Having been a straight A student, I believed I could ____ tough subjects and really learn something. One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne. I was extremely interested in the ideas he ____ in class.

When I took the first exam, I was ____ to find a 77, C?plus, on my test paper, ____ English was my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained ____.

I decided to try harder, although I didn't know what that ____ because study had always been easy for me. I read the books more carefully, but got another 77. Again, I ____ with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patiently but wouldn't change his ____.

One more test before the final exam. One more ____ to improve my grades. So I redoubled my efforts and, for the first time, ____ the meaning of the word “thorough”. But my ____ did no good and everything ____ as before.

The last hurdle(障礙) was the final. No matter what ____ I got, it wouldn't cancel C?pluses. I might as well kiss the ____ goodbye.

I stopped working hard. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even ____ myself to a movie. The next day I decided for once not to ____ much about the result of the test.

A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A. I hurried into Professor Jayne's office. He ____ to be expecting me. “If I had given you the A?pluses you ____， you wouldn't have continued to work as hard.”

I stared at him, ____ that his analysis and strategy(策略) were correct. I had worked my head ____， as I had never done before.

I was speechless when my course grade arrived：A?plus. It was the only A?plus given. The next year I received my scholarship. I've always remembered Professor Jayne's lesson：you alone must set your own standard of excellence.

1.A.take B．discuss C．cover D．get

2.A.sought B．presented C．exchanged D．obtained

3.A.shocked B．worried C．scared D．a(chǎn)nxious

4.A.but B．so C．for D．or

5.A.unchanged B．unpleasant C．unfriendly D．unmoved

6.A.reflected B．meant C．improved D．a(chǎn)ffected

7.A.quarreled B．reasoned C．bargained D．concerned

8.A.attitude B．mind C．plan D．view

9.A.choice B．step C．chance D．measure

10.A.memorized B．considered C．a(chǎn)ccepted D．learned

11.A.ambition B．confidence C．efforts D．methods

12.A.stayed B．went C．worked D．changed

13.A.grade B．a(chǎn)nswer C．lesson D．comment

14.A.scholarship B．course C．degree D．subject

15.A.helped B．favored C．treated D．relaxed

16.A.care B．a(chǎn)sk C．cheat D．produce

17.A.happened B．proved C．pretended D．seemed

18.A.valued B．imagined C．expected D．welcomed

19.A.remembering B．guessing C．supposing D．realizing

20.A.out B．over C．on D．off

When 19?year?old Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the Make?A?Wish Foundation(基金會), nobody understood what she was talking about. But Sophia knew just how important Make?A?Wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends. We were interested in finding out more, so we went along to meet Sophia and listen to what she had to say.

Sophia told us that Make?A?Wish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980. “It's a charity(慈善機構) that helps children who have got very serious illnesses. Make?A?Wish helps children feel happy even though they are sick, by making their wishes and dreams come true，” Sophia explained.

We asked Sophia how Make?A?Wish had first started. She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris, who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman. Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make Chris's dream come true—so, with everybody's help, Chris, only seven years old at the time, had been a “policeman” for a day. “When people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too, and that was the beginning of Make?A?Wish，” explained Sophia.

Sophia also told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time. A Make?A?Wish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world. Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true. They do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can.

1.Sophia found out about Make?A?Wish because her best friend had ________.

A．benefited from it B．volunteered to help it

C．dreamed about it D．told the author about it

2.According to Sophia, Make?A?Wish ________.

A．is an international charity

B．was understood by nobody at first

C．raises money for very poor families

D．started by drawing the interest of the public

3.What is said about Chris in Paragraph 3?

A．He has been a policeman since he was seven.

B．He gave people the idea of starting Make?A?Wish.

C．He wanted people to help make his dream come true.

D．He was the first child Make?A?Wish helped after it had been set up.

4.Which of the following is true about Make?A?Wish volunteers?

A．They are important for making wishes come true.

B．They try to help children get over their illnesses.

C．They visit sick children to make them feel special.

D．They provide what is necessary to make Make?A?Wish popular.

Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.We're all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life—the goods and services that make our modern civilization possible.But we are much less conscious of the degree to which work provides the more important psychological well?being that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.

Historically，work has been associated with slavery and sin (罪惡)and punishment.And in our own day we are used to bearing traditional complaints.Against this background，it may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individual's happiness and sense of personal achievement.Work is more than a necessity for most human beings；it is the focus of their lives，the source of their identity and creativity.

Rather than a punishment of a burden，work is the opportunity to realize one's potential.And the opposite is true，too.For large numbers of people，the absence of work is harmful to their health.Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the “What do I do with myself？”question，even though there may be no financial cares.Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends when they don't have their jobs to go to，and must take care of themselves.It has been observed that unemployment，quite apart from financial pressures，brings enormous psychological troubles and that many individuals'conditions become worse rapidly when jobless.

But why？Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction？A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job，by the activity of accomplishing.

1.Which of the following statements can NOT be learned from the passage?

A．People feel happier and more content than they realize when working.

B．Work is likely to provide you with the chance of achieving your potential.

C．Happiness can only be gained through working.

D．A lot of people will suffer physically and psychologically without work.

2.Traditionally，people are used to believing ________.

A．work is related to negative aspects

B．happiness has nothing to do with work

C．identity and creativity depend on work

D．work is not only a necessity for humans but the focus of their lives

3.What would the author probably discuss in the following paragraph?

A．What the proper way to balance work and life is.

B．How work brings people pride in accomplishment.

C．Which is more important：the material things of life or psychological well?being.

D．How people overcome the problems arising from retirement.

4.Which best describes the author's attitude towards work in the passage?

A．Doubtful. B．Concerned.

C．Approving. D．Neutral.

請根據(jù)下圖寫一篇100～120詞的短文。你的短文應包括下列要點：

1．簡要描寫圖畫內(nèi)容；

2．說明圖畫含義；

3．從中學生的角度談談你的看法。

參考詞匯：container n. 容器

A few weeks ago，our dog，which we had kept for more than ten years，had to be put down.First，a tumor on her stomach got worse，and she was very ____.Then，the pain in her back got so bad that sometimes she ____ lie down in the middle of a walk and couldn't take another ____.

When I first found out，I was very sad and cried a lot.She was more like a sister to me than a ____.But I was also angry at my stepfather，Steve，who told us the ____ a week after it happened.He ____ because he didn't want to worry us，and he didn't want me to get depressed (抑郁的)and fail my exams.I just thought she was ____ at the animals' hospital.

I think you know all the ____ that went through my head：She was my dog！Why didn't he tell us earlier？I didn't even get to say goodbye.

People in my family have a ____ of keeping things from me to protect me，such as only telling me that my aunt had cancer ____ she had already improved.All I could think was：Not again!

I ____ to my mum，and she said，“I know.I'm ____，too.”I opened my mouth to shout.And then she added，“I'm so angry with Steve that he had to ____ through all this on his own.”Hearing my mum's words，I shut up my mouth.I had been so ____ on myself.I hadn't thought about ____ Steve was going through.That dog was his baby.He'd had her for longer than he'd had us—and he had to make the decision to ____ her life，and then kept in silence for an entire ____.All my anger melted away，and all I felt was ____.

It makes me realize that we focus so much on ourselves that we ____ the pain of others.At that moment，my mum's words were an incredible ____ that I'll never forget.

1.A.lazy B．lonely

C．painful D．shameful

2.A.would B．should

C．might D．could

3.A.walk B．step

C．foot D．breath

4.A.tool B．toy

C．baby D．pet

5.A.plan B．a(chǎn)ccident

C．a(chǎn)necdote D．truth

6.A.lied B．waited

C．reflected D．hesitated

7.A.still B．once

C．even D．never

8.A.facts B．opinions

C．thoughts D．doubts

9.A.story B．secret

C．habit D．hobby

10.A.until B．before

C．while D．a(chǎn)fter

11.A.adjusted B．turned

C．contributed D．related

12.A.angry B．shocked

C．guilty D．a(chǎn)bused

13.A.break B．go

C．look D．push

14.A.focused B．hooked

C．dependent D．hard

15.A.that B．where

C．what D．which

16.A.save B．expand

C．make D．end

17.A.year B．month

C．week D．day

18.A.regret B．blame

C．sorrow D．sympathy

19.A.shared B．ignored

C．reminded D．rid

20.A.comfort B．compromise

C．gift D．suggestion

No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.

Let's take a man we'll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn't make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.

Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.

How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.

Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.

A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people's attention.

A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world.

1.What probably led to the start of advertising?

A．The discovery of iron.

B． The specialization of labor.

C．The appearance of new jobs.

D．The development of farming techniques.

2.To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright ________.

A．praised his plows in public

B．placed a sign outside the shop

C．hung an arrow pointing to the shop

D．showed his products to the customers

3.The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to ________.

A．explain the origin of advertising

B．predict the future of advertising

C．expose problems in advertising

D．provide suggestions for advertising

4.In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who ________.

A．owned a ship

B．had the loudest voice

C．ran a shop selling goods to farmers

D．functioned like today's TV or radio commercial

5.The last two paragraphs are mainly about ________.

A．the history of advertising

B．the benefits of advertising

C．the early forms of advertising

D．the basic design of advertising

Bad teeth can be painful and even be deadly. Infections of the gums(牙齦) and teeth can release bacteria into the blood system. Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack or stroke and worsen the effects of other diseases. And adults are not the only ones at risk. For example, a 12?year?old boy died when a tooth infection spread to his brain in 2007 in Washington. Experts said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care he needed.

Experts say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow bacterial growth and acid production in the mouth. But dentists say a baby's gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding by using a cloth with a little warm water. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give only water.

When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. The use of fluoride(氟化物) to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel(釉質), the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent holes from forming.

But young children often swallow toothpaste when they brush their teeth. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry notes that swallowing fluoridated toothpaste can cause problems. So young children should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth. And only a small amount of fluoridated toothpaste, the size of a pea, should be used.

Parents often wonder what effect finger sucking might have on their baby's teeth. Dental experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their fingers by the age of four. If it continues, experts advise parents to talk to their children's dentists or doctors. Because it could interfere_with the correct development of permanent teeth.

Dentists say children should have their first dental visit at least by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear—usually at around six months.

1.According to the passage，what is the function of fluoride?

A．Making the surface on teeth much cleaner.

B．Protecting gums from being infected.

C．Keeping holes on teeth from forming.

D．Slowing down bacterial growth and acid production.

2.The underlined phrase “interfere with” in Para.5 probably means “________”．

A．do harm to B．a(chǎn)ccount for

C．contribute to D．stand for

3.What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?

A．To warn us of the deadly infections of gums and teeth.

B．To introduce the advantages of fluoridated toothpaste.

C．To draw our attention to the dental care of young children.

D．To present the research results about dental care.

Annie, a neighbor's daughter, was away for her first semester at college this school year. She is a very sweet girl but just a bit shy. When her birthday came around, I found out she was feeling a bit ___.

Her family is quite poor and ____ are tight, so there wouldn't be any birthday visitors. I wanted to ____ her a card and maybe a small gift to ____ her day a bit. I got her school ____ from her mom and planned to pick something up. Then I got a(n) ____！

I ____ perhaps a bit more birthday cheer was needed here. I bought some balloons, birthday hats, and ___ novelties(新穎小巧而價廉的物品) at a store. I took a small ____ and asked three other people in my area at work to ____ “Happy Birthday” and send some birthday wishes to her. It was such fun making the recording! Other people ____ what we were doing and ____ their voices, so it really sounded like we had a party going on!

Then I bought her a small present and a card as ____ planned. The real fun was packing them to be sent. I ____ everything so it was like opening a mini birthday party! At the last minute I added a pack of cupcakes and a box of birthday candles ____ sending them off. I got a call a few days later. Annie said her roommates and one of their neighbors in the ____ got together with her and held a party for her the moment they arrived. She sounded so ____ and I was so glad that she had some friends to ____ her special day with.

It was such an easy and ____ thing to do. The people who helped me make the tape still laugh and talk about it. And Annie ____ me it was the most fun birthday she would remember!

1.A.lonely B．nervous C．a(chǎn)lone D．worried

2.A.thoughts B．finances C．measures D．times

3.A.provide B．sell C．send D．draw

4.A.attract B．remember C．describe D．brighten

5.A.number B．campus C．a(chǎn)ddress D．report

6.A.idea B．surprise C．chance D．message

7.A.decided B．thought C．wished D．concluded

8.A.another B．others C．other D．one

9.A.radio B．camera C．recorder D．phone

10.A.say B．sing C．repeat D．make

11.A.took out B．set out C．gave out D．found out

12.A.added B．devoted C．cleared D．lifted

13.A.suddenly B．originally C．finally D．carefully

14.A.collected B．paid C．a(chǎn)rranged D．expected

15.A.until B．a(chǎn)fter C．unless D．before

16.A.dormitory B．home C．classroom D．office

17.A.familiar B．happy C．wonderful D．upset

18.A.help B．compare C．share D．witness

19.A.funny B．challenging C．fun D．time?consuming

20.A.warned B．convinced C．a(chǎn)dvised D．told

It's such a happy?looking library, painted yellow, decorated with palm?tree stickers and sheltered from the Florida sun by its own roof. About the size of a microwave oven, it's pedestrian?friendly, too, waiting for book lovers next to a sidewalk in Palm Beach Country Estates, along the northern boundary of Palm Beach Gardens.

It's a library built with love.

A year ago, shortly after Janey Henriksen saw a Brian Williams report about the Little Free Library organization, a Wisconsin?based nonprofit that aims to promote literacy and build a sense of community in a neighborhood by making books freely available, she announced to her family of four, “That's what we're going to do for our spring break！”

Son Austin, now a 10th?grader, didn't see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox. But Janey insisted, and husband Peter unwillingly got to work. The 51?year?old owner of a ship supply company modified a small wooden house that he'd built years earlier for daughter Abbie's toy horses, and made a door of glass.

After adding the library's final touches(裝點), the family hung a signboard on the front, instructing users to “take a book, return a book，” and making the Henriksen library, now one of several hundred like it nationwide and among more than 2,500 in the world, the only Little Free Library in Palm Beach County.

They stocked it with 20 or so books they'd already read, a mix of science fiction, reference titles, novels and kids' favorites. “I told them, keep in mind that you might not see it again，” said Janey, a stay?at?home mom.

Since then, the collection keeps replenishing(補充) itself, thanks to ongoing donations from borrowers. The library now gets an average of five visits a day.

The project's best pay?off, says Peter, are the thank?you notes left behind. “We had no idea in the beginning that it would be so popular.”

1.In what way is the library “pedestrian?friendly”？

A．It owns a yellow roof.

B．It stands near a sidewalk.

C．It protects book lovers from the sun.

D．It uses palm?tree stickers as decorations.

2.Janey got the idea to build a library from ________.

A．a(chǎn) visit to Brian Williams

B．a(chǎn) spring break with her family

C．a(chǎn) book sent by one of her neighbors

D．a(chǎn) report on a Wisconsin?based organization

3.The library was built ________.

A．by a ship supply company

B．on the basis of toy horses

C．like a mailbox

D．with glass

4.What can we infer from the signboard?

A．It was made by a user of the library.

B．It marked a final touch to the library.

C．It aimed at making the library last long.

D．It indicated the library was a family property.

5.The passage tells us that the users ________.

A．donate books to the library

B．get paid to collect books for the library

C．receive thank?you notes for using the library

D．visit the library over 5 times on average daily