根據(jù)圖畫，寫一篇英語短文，描述今昔通訊方式的變化，以及這些變化給人們生活帶來的影響。

注意：

1．詞數(shù)：不少于120字

2．生詞：通訊：communicate(with sb．)vi. communication （n．） 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)：the Internet

Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people’s life in recent years. ______________________________________________________________

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The National Gallery

Description:

The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th ­century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.

Layout:

The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th­ to 15th ­century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.

The main West Wing houses 16th­ century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titian and Veronese.

The North Wing houses 17th­century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velázquez, Claude and Vermeer.

The East Wing houses 18th­ to early 20th­century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.

Opening Hours:

The Gallery is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm (Fridays 10 am to 9 pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.

Getting There:

Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross(2­minute walk), Leicester Square (3­minute walk), Embankment (7­minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8­minute walk).

1.In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?

A. The 13th. B. The 17th.

C. The 18th. D. The 20th.

2.Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?

A. In the East Wing.

B. In the main West Wing.

C. In the Sainsbury Wing.

D. In the North Wing.

3.Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?

A. Piccadilly Circus. B. Leicester Square.

C. Embankment. D. Charing Cross.

Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don’t listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn’t realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management（機組資源管理）, or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.

I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear（起落架）down. He was a better pilot — and my boss — so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, “We need to put the landing gear down now!” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.

CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn’t overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I’m in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from “l(fā)anding gear up”.

1.What does the author say about doctors in general?

A. They like flying by themselves.

B. They are unwilling to take advice.

C. They pretend to be good pilots.

D. They are quick learners of CRM.

2.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when________.

A. he saved the plane by speaking up

B. he was in charge of a flying task

C. his boss landed the plane too late

D. his boss operated on a patient

3.In the last paragraph “l(fā)anding gear up” probably means ________.

A. following flying requirements

B. overreacting to different opinions

C. listening to what fellow doctors say

D. making a mistake that may cost lives

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. CRM:A New Way to Make Flying Safe

B. Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor

C. The Making of a Good Pilot

D. A Pilot­ Turned Doctor

Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my family’s last vacation. It was my six­ year­ old son’s winter break from school, and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New York, so I had to get back. But that didn’t mean my husband and my son couldn’t stay. I took my nine­ month­ old and took off for home.

The next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouraged — okay, ordered — them to wait it out at the airport, to “earn” more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $1,600. Not bad, huh?

Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big­ time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.

I’ve made a living looking for the best deals and exposing（揭露）the worst tricks. I have been the consumer reporter of NBC’s Today show for over a decade. I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide. And I really do what I believe in.

I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth. I’m also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants. But I wouldn’t hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It keeps its shape longer, and it’s the first thing people notice. And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture. Quality lasts.

1.Why did Delta give the author’s family credits?

A. They took a later flight.

B. They had early bookings.

C. Their flight had been delayed.

D. Their flight had been cancelled.

2.What can we learn about the author?

A. She rarely misses a good deal.

B. She seldom makes a compromise.

C. She is very strict with her children.

D. She is interested in cheap products.

3.What does the author do?

A. She’s a teacher.

B. She’s a housewife.

C. She’s a media person.

D. She’s a businesswoman.

4.What does the author want to tell us?

A. How to expose bad tricks.

B. How to reserve airline seats.

C. How to spend money wisely.

D. How to make a business deal.

It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words, “a brilliantly（精彩地）written book”. However, he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.

And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t. In the World Book Day’s “Report on Guilty Secrets”, Dreams From My Father is at number 9.The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as I’m not one to lie too often (I’d hate to be caught out), I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell’s 1984.I think it’s really brilliant.

The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky (I haven’t read him, but haven’t lied about it either ) and Herman Melville.

Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in­ depth!

But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J. K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty­two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).

1.How did the author find his friend a book liar?

A. By judging his manner of speaking.

B. By looking into his background.

C. By mentioning a famous name.

D. By discussing the book itself.

2.Which of the following is a “guilty secret” according to the World Book Day report?

A. Charles Dickens is very low on the top­ten list.

B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984.

C. The author admitted having read 9 books.

D. Dreams From My Father is hardly read.

3.By lying about reading, a person hopes to ________.

A. control the conversation B. appear knowledgeable

C. learn about the book D. make more friends

4.What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers?

A. Favorable. B. Uncaring.

C. Doubtful. D. Friendly.

Have you ever felt sick to your stomach during a test? Have you ever been so worried about something that you ended up with a terrible headache?If so, then you know what it's like to feel stress. You've probably heard people say, "Wow, I'm really stressed out.” ___1.____ But children have lots of things going on in their lives that can cause stress, too.

What is stress?

Stress is what you feel when you are worried or uncomfortable about something. This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad. You may feel angry, frustrated, scared, or afraid --- which can give you a stomachache or a headache.

What causes stress?

Plenty of things can cause stress in a child's life.__ 2.____Good or normal stress might show up when you're called on in class or when you have to give a report. Have you ever gotten butterflies in your stomach or sweaty hands? Those can be signs of good stress. __3.___ For example, you may do a better job on your book report if the anxiety inspires you to prepare well before you get up and read it to the class.

But bad stress can happen if the stressful feelings keep going over time. You may not feel well if your parents are fighting, if a family member is sick, if you're having problems at school, or if you're going through anything else that makes you upset every day. ___4.___

Once you recognize that you're feeling stressed, there are several things you can do. You can try talking about what's bothering you with an adult you trust, like a parent or teacher. ___5.___ An adult may have ideas about how to solve whatever is worrying you or making you uncomfortable.

A. This kind of stress can help you to get things done.

B. Maybe you hear adults say those kinds of things all the time.

C. Bring up what's been on your mind and how it makes you feel.

D. Everyone experiences stress at times --- adults, teens, and even kids.

E. There are ways to reduce stress and manage the stress that's unavoidable.

F. That kind of stress isn't going to help you, and it can actually make you sick.

G. The trick is to remember that some types of stress are good and others are bad.

Facts About Goal Setting

These practical tips on goal setting can help make it easier to set and reach goals:

Specific, realistic goals work best. __1._____ "I'm going to recycle all my plastic bottles, soda cans, and magazines" is a much more doable goal than "I'm going to do more for the environment." And that makes it easier to stick with.

_____2._____ It will probably take a couple of months before any changes — like getting up half an hour early to exercise — become a routine part of your life. That's because your brain needs time to get used to the idea that this new thing you're doing is part of your regular routine.

____3.______ Say your goal out loud each morning to remind yourself of what you want and what you're working for. Writing it down works too. Every time you remind yourself of your goal, you're training your brain to make it happen.

____4._______ The key to making any change is to find the desire within yourself — you have to do it because you want it, not because a girlfriend, boyfriend, coach, parent, or someone else wants you to. It will be harder to stay on track and motivated if you're doing something out of obligation to another person.

Roadblocks don't mean failure. Slip-ups are actually part of the learning process as you retrain your brain into a new way of thinking. It may take a few tries to reach a goal. But that's OK — it's normal to mess up or give up a few times when trying to make a change. So remember that everyone slips up and don't beat yourself up about it. ___5.___

A. Repeating a goal makes it stick.

B. Pleasing other people doesn't work.

C. You should make a change in your life.

D. Just remind yourself to get back on track.

E. Set a goal and come up with steps to reach it.

F. It takes time for a change to become an established habit.

G. When it comes to making a change, the people who succeed are those who set proper goals.

Adventure is in my blood. And I had been considering how I was going to celebrate my high school graduation. I didn’t just want a small _____ in the backyard. I started thinking about doing a solo ______ somewhere out of the ordinary. I took out ______ and drew the 1,500-mile route along which I would be ______ from the northernmost point in Norway to the southernmost section of Sweden. When I ______ my plans with my dad, he ______ as I thought he would. Because I get my adventurous _____ from him, he was all for it.

I had only been away from my ____ three days now, but there was an inner ______ going on inside of me. Part of me was homesick and doubting whether I _____ could make it. The other part of me was ready to ______ to myself and my family that I could do it by myself.

On the road, I met another ______ who was quite a bit older than I was. He had started his journey ______ by bike at the southern part of Norway and had just finished. I could tell he had a great sense of ______. It encouraged me not to ____.

As I listened to my _____ artists on my MP4 player, I pedaled (踩踏板) with my feet. There was ______ around me for miles. ______, that wasn’t entirely true. There were mosquitoes--- millions of them. My arms were so dotted with ___ that they looked like a topographical map (地形圖). But, however ______ it would be, nothing could stop my advance towards the destination. As you know, adventure is in my blood.

1.A. party B. meeting C. conversation D. lecture

2.A. flight B. interview C. performance D. trip

3.A. instructions B. maps C. magazines D. newspapers

4.A. walking B. flying C. biking D. running

5.A. compared B. shared C. prepared D. changed

6.A. agreed B. sighed C. left D. cried

7.A. stories B. spirits C. skills D. hobbies

8.A. hotel B. school C. home D. office

9.A. battle B. activity C. request D. discussion

10.A. certainly B. really C. usually D. reasonably

11.A. turn B. reply C. prove D. adapt

12.A. driver B. jogger C. bicyclist D. pilot

13.A. alone B. slowly C. patiently D. worriedly

14.A. humour B. direction C. balance D. satisfaction

15.A. calm down B. break down C. speed up D. give up

16.A. favourite B. personal C. professional D. successful

17.A. nobody B. everybody C. anything D. everything

18.A. Firstly B. Actually C. Eventually D. Fortunately

19.A. wounds B. cuts C. bites D. dots

20.A. boring B. confusing C. complex D. difficult

In general, I don’t cry very often. But in early August 2011, I did a lot of crying. All these ____were for one simple reason: I really, really didn’t want to leave China. But, I already had my plane ticket, and my work visa was ____, so I had no ____ but to go back to America.

For a while, I was ____ to be reunited with my family, my friends, and most importantly, my dog. I also enjoyed catching up on all the films, TV shows, and music I’d ____.Soon after I arrived home, I began ____ with my family and my friends. I told them how I loved my ____ in China, and how I hoped to come back one day. They said, “Maybe you can go again next year.” And now here I am, ____ one whole year teaching oral English at Harbin No. 1 High School.

My ____ teaching experience gave me much ___ that I am now putting to use. I now feel____ about my teaching abilities that I even have a teaching philosophy. My philosophy is one simple word: interact. I try to make the students ____for much more of the class period. I also like to play games in class ,as well as doing art projects, acting, and ____ having discussions.

To teach English as a foreign language in a non-English-speaking country can be quite ____ at times. I feel it is probably more difficult for students to relate to the material if they are not often ____ by English. Making things even more difficult is the ____ that the English they do come across is often ____, or, while grammatically correct, is not at all native-sounding. This kind of English, I think, can actually be ____ to students’ learning. ____,maybe “Chinglish,” both written and spoken, is just one of the ____ to building a country full of English speakers.

1.A. stories B. talks C. tears D. dreams

2.A. due B. ready C. lost D. special

3.A. idea B. choice C. right D. time

4.A. excited B. worried C. surprised D. curious

5.A. ignored B. heard C. forgotten D. missed

6.A. working B. talking C. living D. arguing

7.A. research B. stay C. business D. condition

8.A. spending B. wasting C. finding D. finishing

9.A. everyday B. recent C. previous D. wide

10.A. wisdom B. pleasure C. wealth D. knowledge

11.A. careful B. concerned C. certain D. anxious

12.A. speak B. write C. listen D. read

13.A. naturally B. generally C. hardly D. simply

14.A. amazing B. challenging C. interesting D. disappointing

15.A. questioned B. encouraged C. supported D. surrounded

16.A. message B. fact C. feeling D. thought

17.A. impossible B. unusual C. incorrect D. unknown

18.A. harmful B. important C. suitable D. valuable

19.A. Otherwise B. Besides C. Therefore D. However

20.A. problems B. steps C. rules D. aspects

My deskmate admires my fluent English very much and I usually feel _1.___(encourage) by his compliments。

One day, _2._ we learned the new word “eccentric” in class, we __3.__(ask) to make a sentence with it. I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is an eccentric boy __4.__ clothes never fit him�！� _5.__(Hear) this, the whole class burst into __6._(laugh) and my deskmate’s face turned red. __7.__ class, I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if he hadn’t been helped by others. My mindless words must__8._(hurt) him deeply。

Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in_9.__positive and negative ways. We should avoid hurting _10.__(other) if we can’t always be encouraging when we speak。