Graffiti is writings, drawings or marks made on walls in public places. In most cases, it is often 【1】 mixture of writing and pictures, usually 【2】 (mark) with a tag, which is unique 【3】 an artist or a group. Graffiti is now popular all over the world.

Graffiti is believed to become popular in the United States in the 1960s. Young adults in cities like New York would use paint to spray their tag on walls.【4】, New Yorkers used to see graffiti as something 【5】 (disturb). Up to the 1970s, most people hated graffiti and painting graffiti was illegal and graffiti artists 【6】 (punish) by fines.

Later, the image of graffiti and graffiti artists changed a lot and graffiti was no longer only found in the subways or the poor areas of cities but also in the 【7】 (gallery) of Manhattan art world. In the late 1980s the popularity of hip-hop music helped to spread the culture of graffiti, first at home in the United States and then 【8】 (international).

Recently, graffiti 【9】 (gain) the reputation of “street art” and it has become a movement expressing the street culture of young people. You can even find graffiti in places 【10】 you least expect to see it-in advertisements, on clothes, on toys and even in newspapers.

【1】What does the speaker suggest people do at the beginning of the week?

A.Stay indoors.

B.Put their summer clothes away.

C.Get out to enjoy the beautiful weather.

【2】When should the storm be over?

A.By Tuesday evening.

B.By Friday morning.

C.By next Monday.

【3】What usually happens in late September and early October?

A.There are a lot of storms.

B.The weather gets hot again.

C.It is always quite cold.

Unlike most studies into the impact of automation, this one does not rely on informed guesswork about what machines will be able to do in 20 years’ time. 【1】 They are literacy, numeracy and problem-solving with computers - and compares our performance against the abilities of machines. The results are sobering, but rather than a reason to despair,

In the survey a group of computer scientists was given the same test and asked which questions computers could answer, using technology that exists but has not necessarily been rolled out yet in the workplace. The conclusion? Almost a third of workers use these cognitive skills daily in their jobs and yet their competency levels have already been matched by computers. About 44 per cent are still better than the machines. The remaining 25 per cent have jobs that do not use these skills every day.

There are two caveats. First, the OECD only asked computer scientists how well they thought machines could do. 【2】. Second, just because technology exists does not mean it will be deployed quickly in the workplace. It depends on how easily it can be made operational, how much it costs relative to the value it creates, and whether companies have the appetite to invest.

【3】. Stuart Elliott, the author, concludes that in 10 to 20 years, only workers with very strong literacy and numeracy skills will be comfortably more proficient than computers. At the minute, only about one in 10 working-age adults in OECD countries are of this standard.

It is true that the education systems in most countries have been raising their game: younger people tend to have better skills than older people (the UK being one notable, and worrying, exception). But even if you take the most skilled generation in the most skilled country - young people in Finland - two-thirds still do not meet these top levels of literacy and numeracy. 【4】.

The risks to workers from ever smarter computers are clear, but the opportunities will lie in maximizing the value of their human skills. For some people, such as talented chefs, the battle is already won. Others might need to harness the computers to leverage their human talents.

A.And yet, the implication of the study are hard to dismiss.

B.on many of these fronts, computers are behind humans, if they are in the race at all.

C.Technology does not necessary mean doom to all but the highest skilled.

D.Instead it takes three basic and compares our performance against the abilities of machines.

E.Apart from astonishing improvement in education, it looks like only a minority of people can win this race.

F.The result would be more alarming if machine were actually put to the test.

【1】What do we know about the area?

A.Lightning strikes mostly in December.

B.The people there worry about getting hit.

C.The area is near the Andes Mountains.

【2】What did NASA call the area?

A.The Never-Ending Storm of Catatumbo.

B.The Lightning Capital of the World.

C.The Light of Venezuela.

【3】How many people are struck by lightning near the Catatumbo River?

A.One in three per year.

B.One in 12,000 per year.

C.80% of people who live there.

【4】What does the man say in the end?

A.He’s scared of storms.

B.He’ll never visit Venezuela.

C.He’d be careful if he lived in the area.

【1】What is the man doing?

A.Giving suggestions.B.Offering information.C.Asking for help.

【2】What does the woman think of her father?

A.Stubborn.B.Understanding.C.Warm-hearted.

【3】What will the woman probably do next?

A.Quit the play.

B.Talk with her father.

C.Take her father to the show.

【1】According to the article, what’s wrong with smoothies?

A.They contain too many calories.

B.The man doesn’t make his properly.

C.They take too long to drink.

【2】What did the man put in his smoothie?

A.Vegetables.B.Sugar.C.Milk.

【3】What does the man imply in the end?

A.He’ll read the article.

B.He’ll stop drinking smoothies.

C.He’s still going to make smoothies.

【1】Where does the conversation take place?

A.At a clothing store.

B.At a work event.

C.At the cleaner’s.

【2】When will the woman return?

A.Tomorrow morning.B.This afternoon.C.Tonight.

A.Shoes are 15% off.

B.He should come back next month.

C.Winter jackets are the only items on sale.

A.At summer camp.B.In a writing class.C.In a college.