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     Frederick M. Hess is the director of education policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute,
which is a nonprofit organization that conducts research on many public issues. He says that a long
summer vacation doesn't make sense in today's world.
     Can American students afford to take a summer vacation? In a summer vacation, millions of kids
spend valuable time sending messages, watching TV, playing video games and doing shopping in the
mall. They will also be putting their academic futures at risk.
     Summer vacation once made sense in the past when you didn't need an education to get a good
job. But now things have changed. For today's students, academic skills are important to students'
future success, but such skills are affected in the summertime. Many nations don't give kids an
Americanstyle summer vacation. They offer no more than seven consecutive( 連續(xù)的)weeks of vacation. Most American school districts offer up to thirteen weeks. To compete in the global marketplace,
Americans must be prepared to go up against international competitors.
     Summer vacation also causes challenges for today's families. In the 1960s, more than 60% of
families had a stayathome Mom. Now, twothirds of American children live in households where every
adult works. For these families, summer vacation can be more burden than break. Someone must watch
the kids.
     But the biggest problem may be how summer vacation hurts academic achievement. Researchers
have found that disadvantaged students lose significant ground in the summertime.
     A longer school year does not have to be an invitation to hard boring work. Rather, it should allow
timepressed teachers to conduct richer and more imaginative lessons. Schools would have more time to
devote to athletics, languages, music and the arts. Summer vacation can be a grand thing. But in the 21st
century, it may also be outdated.
                              Title: Long Summer 1.________

     Don't believe all of the stereotypes(模式化的形象)you may have heard about Americans.
Even the ones that are true in general may not be true about specific individuals or a large part
of the population.For example,although Americans tend to be louder than people from other
cultures(especially at athletic events),many of the people you meet will be quiet and polite.Some
people may be intolerant, but most will be pleasant and welcoming.Remember that American
films and television exaggerate(夸張)in order to generate excitement, and so present a rather
false picture of what life in the United States is really like.Therefore,tourists in the US are not
always on their best behavior.
     Americans do tend to be more informal than people from other countries.It is common for
Americans to wear casual clothing to school and to greet professors by first name.However,
good manners and politeness are always appreciated.If you are polite, and dress a little more
formally than your American friends, it will not be poorly thought of.
     However,some businesses require their employees to wear a uniform or a suit.It would be
improper to wear a Tshirt and blue jeans to a job interview.Some of the more prestigious
restaurants require a coat and a tie.Americans tend to dress up for cultural events(the opera,
theater and ballet)and to dress down for athletic events.Formal wear is required at weddings
and funerals, or any other event with religion.If you rely on the stereotypes,you will likely put
yourself into an embarrassing situation.