Across the world, 1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water. More than 2.5 billion people lack basic sanitation.(衛(wèi)生設備)

The combination proves deadly. Each year, diseases related to inadequate water and sanitation kill between 2 and 5 million people and cause an estimated 80 percent of all sicknesses in the developing world. Safe drinking water is a precondition for health and the fight against child death rate, inequality between men and women, and poverty.

Consider these facts:

●The average distance that women in Africa and Asia walk to collect water is 6 kilometers.

●Only 58 percent of children in sub-Saharan Africa are drinking safe water. and only 37 percent of children in South Asia have access to even a basic toilet.

●Each year in India alone, 73 million working days are lost to water-borne diseases.

Here are three ways you can help:

1)Write Congress

Current U.S. foreign aid for drinking water and sanitation budgets only one dollar per year per American citizen. Few members of Congress have ever received a letter from voters about clean drinking water abroad.

2)Sponsor a project with a faith-based organization

Many U.S. religious groups already sponsor water and sanitation projects, working with partner organizations abroad. Simply put a single project by a U.S. organization can make safe water a reality for thousands of people.

3)Support nonprofit water organizations

Numerous U.S.-based nonprofits work skillfully abroad in community-led projects related to drinking water and sanitation. Like the sample of non-profits noted as follows, some organizations are large, other small-scale, some operate worldwide, others are devoted to certain areas in Africa, Asia, or Latin America. Support them generously.

The three facts presented in the passage are used to illustrate that________.

A. poverty can result in water-borne diseases

B. people have no access to clean drinking water

C. women’s rights are denied in some developing countries

D. safe drinking water should be a primary concern

The intended readers of the passage are________.

A.  Americans               

B. overseas sponsors

C.  Congressmen   

D .  U.S.-based water organizations

The main purpose of the passage is to call on people to _________.

A. get rid of water-related diseases in developing countries

B. donate money to people short of water through religious groups

C. fight against the worldwide water shortage and sanitation problem

D. take joint action in support of some nonprofit water organizations

What information will probably be provided following the last paragraph?

A. A variety of companies and their worldwide operation.

B. A list of nonprofit water organizations to make contact with.

C. Some ways to get financial aids from U.S. Congress.

D. A few water resources exploited by some world-famous organizations.

“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses (沖動) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral (道德上的) freedom.

A single angry word has lost many a friend. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad.” “Keep cool”, says George Herbert, “for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault.”

To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. “Anger,” says Pythagoras, “brings with folly(愚蠢) and ends with regret.” You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.

Self-control is man’s last greatest victory.

If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.

What does the reader learn from the first paragraph?

A. The greatest victory for a man is to conquer everything except himself.

B. One’s moral freedom is based on the control of himself.

C. To control oneself is the most difficult in one’s life.

D. If a person is too stubborn, he will feel most shameful.

What is the correct interpretation of “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad” ?

A. If the gods want to kill you, they make you crazy first.

B. If you always lose your temper, you will soon be finished.

C. If you cannot control yourself, you will become crazy.

D. If you are mad, you will be punished by the gods.

If a man lacks self-control, he lacks all of the following EXCEPT _______.

A. the very backbone and nerve of character 

B. the patience and power to control himself

C. strong feelings

D. self-confidence

The author’s main purpose in writing this article is to _______.

A. explain that self-control is the key to success

B. teach people how to control everything in order to make a great success

C. distinguish all kinds of self-control and suggest ways for keeping it

D. advise people not to lose temper so as to make and keep more friends

E

Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world. In rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertiser, hoping to sell their products.

The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the professionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors.

It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with case into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.

What does the author try to argue in Paragraph 1?

  A. The exercise of rights is a luxury.       

  B. The practice of choice is difficult.

  C. The right of choice is given but at a price.

 D. Choice and right exist at the same time.

Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?

  A. Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.

  B. People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.

  C. Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.

  D. Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the rage of choice.

By using computers as an example, the author wants to prove that    .

A. advanced products meet the needs of people

B. products of the latest design fold the market

C. competitions are fierce in high-tech industry

D. everyday goods need to be replaced often

What is this passage mainly about?

A. The variety of choices in modern society.

B. The opinions on people’s right in different countries

C. The Problems about the availability of everyday goods.

D. The helplessness in purchasing decisions

Boxing was long viewed sickly. Generally forbidden by law in earlier days, the fighting was usually done with bare fists, and matches often lasted forty or fifty rounds.

In 1882 John L. Sullivan, a fighter of great power, won the world heavyweight championship from Paddy Ryan in a bare fisted battle marked by hitting, scratching, and biting without any rule. Five years later, while fighting Patsy Cardiff at Minneapolis, Sullivan broke his right arm in the third round, but he continued fighting to the sixth round and won. In 1889, Sullivan defeated Jade Kilrain with his bare fists in another championship fight, winning twenty thousand dollars and a diamond prize medal. His admirers talked then of running him for the next governor, but he traveled to Australia for a boxing tour instead, coming back only to lose his title in a twenty-one-round match with a young Californian named James J. Corbett.

“Gentleman James” victory in this match marked a turning point, for it showed scientific boxing was over strength. But Corbett’s title ended in 1897, when another boxer, Bob Fitzsimmons, in less than three seconds, achieved his feats and then Fitzsimmons knocked out an Irishman, won the heavyweight championship of the world, and invented the terrible “solar plexus punch.”

Boxing matches in the early days were ________.

A. short and bloody       B. usually spare-time competitions

C. governed by strict rules     D. cruel

Sullivan held the world’s heavyweight title for ________.

A. at least seven years    B. only a year

C. five years   D. twenty-one years

Sullivan’s fight with Kilrain was ________.

A. the first boxing championship match

B. a bare-fisted championship fight

C. the last boxing match to be fought bare-fisted

D. a six-round match

Sullivan was so popular that his admirers ________.

A. encouraged him to be a governor

B. raised twenty thousand dollars for him

C. advised him to take boxing tour of Australia

D. refused to believe he could be defeated

改正下面短文中的錯誤。對標有題號的每一行作出判斷：如無錯誤，在答題卡該行右邊橫線上畫一個勾（√），請在有錯誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個單詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

      2.原行沒有錯的不要改。

It is important to do with the rubbish in cities. Rubbish must be      1.____________

treated properly. Thus, it may cause a lot of prob??lems. It may pollute   2.____________

the air and water. When people breathe the polluted air or drink polluted    3.____________

water, we may get ill. Our city has begun to pay attention to the roblem.    4.____________

As far as I know, some rubbish is sorted and sent to different facto??ry. 5.____________

Rubbish, such as old newspapers and glass, are recycled. Some harmful       6.____________

rubbish is sent to a certain place and buried. Waste air is cleaned after it   7.____________

goes into the air. Waste water is treated before it poured into rivers. To     8.____________

protect from the environment, the government has passed laws to    9.____________

prevent people from throwing rubbish everywhere. We should do our     10.___________

best to take good care of the environment and fight against pollution.

短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

改正下面短文中的錯誤。對標有題號的每一行作出判斷：如無錯誤，在答題卡該行右邊橫線上畫一個勾（√），請在有錯誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個單詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

      2.原行沒有錯的不要改。

Dear Abby,

    How are you? Today I've got a wonderful news to tell you        1.          .

I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my          2.          .

further education. One hundred and twenty students took exam        3.          .

for it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However      4.          .

my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against me         5.          .

going them They say it is too far away that they will not see me        6.          .

for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely.                7.          .

They can't imagine a girl so young live alone They advise me to study   8.          .

in the capital instead. Then I'II be able to continue living with          9.          ..

them How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up?     10.          ..

       Best wishes.

                                          Jane

 祝賀信（A Letter of Congratulations）

　　假設你叫劉紅，在街上碰到好友王平的父母，從而得知王平以優(yōu)異的成績畢業(yè)于哈佛大學，并被授予科學博士學位。你寫信向王平表示祝賀，并祝賀她在計算機方面取得的成績。告訴她許多朋友聽到這消息都感到十分高興，她的父母也以此為榮，希望她早日回來報效祖國。請用英語寫這封信。

　　注意： 1．不要逐句翻譯提示內(nèi)容，文章要連貫；2．詞數(shù)在100左右。（哈佛大學：Harvard University 以優(yōu)異成績 with high honors 被授予 be awarded）

Believe it or not, optical illusion(錯覺) can cut highway crashes.

Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.

Now the American Automobile Association Foundation(基金會) for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.

Excessive (too great) speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards (danger) are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.

Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.

Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.

The passage mainly discusses ________.

A. a new way of highway speed control

B. a new pattern for painting highways

C. a new way of training drivers

D. a new type of optical illusion

On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that ________.

A. they should avoid speed-related hazards

B. they are driving in the wrong lane

C. they should slow down their speed

D. they are coming near to the speed limit

The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ________.

A. can keep drivers awake     B. can cut road accidents in half

C. will look more attractive   D. will have a longer effect on drivers

The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to ________.

A. try out the Japanese method in certain areas

B. change the road signs across the country

C. replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons

D. repeat the Japanese road patterns

What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?

A. They are suitable only on broad roads.   

B. They are falling out of use in the United States.

C. They are ignored in a long period of time.

D. They cannot be used successfully to traffic circles.

If you don’t know how to use a computer, you had better ask for the position of _______.

A. a secretary in NESTLE                   B. a production worker in NESTLE

C. a senior engineer in THYSSEN              D. a cost accountant in THYSSEN

From the passage we can learn that _______.

A. THYSSEN is a successful company with many branches

B. NESTLE is a company only producing chemical products

C. NESTLE asks for good command of English in every Position

D. THYSSEN needs a senior sales manager to sell its products in Asia

As a graduate from university this year, you can probably get a job as _______.

A. a cost accountant in THYSSEN              B. a purchaser in THYSSEN

C. a secretary in NESTLE                   D. an accountant in NESTLE

Under criminal law, people who       carry and use large numbers of fake banknotes will be sentenced to less than three years in prison.

A. originally   B. occasionally   C. apparently   D. intentionally