The design isn’t successful unless it ________ people of all ages and social groups.

A. attaches to    B. adjusts to     C. appeals to     D. objects to

Some fish form huge schools. Could fish set up schools and teach their children how to survive in the ocean? You may ask. No. Here the “schools” are not the places where you study. They are fish shoals (魚群) that cover tens of kilometers. What causes hundreds of millions of fish to gather and move together is one of biology’s mysteries.

Darkness appears to be the first step to the creation of shoals, according to a study published in the March 27 journal Science. A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and five other institutions studied Atlantic herring (鯡魚), which forms shoals on a fishing ground off Massachusetts. They used an underwater imaging technology and fish-finding sonar (聲納) to observe the herring over several days in autumn when they spawn (產(chǎn)卵).

They found that, as the sun set, fish in scattered (分散的) groups began swimming much closer to one another than they normally do. When the number of fish reached a certain point in an area, this set off a chain reaction of similar behavior that spread like a sound wave through the water.

The herring’s movement seemed to be started by sunset. The team didn’t record the breakup of these shoals, but a previous study suggested that as the sun rose, the shoals fell apart.

“When the light fades (逐漸消失), it’s safer for the fish to move away from the seabed,” says Nicholas Makris, a professor at MIT who led the research. “Once they have a certain number of other fish, they suddenly come together - forming a shoal covering tens of kilometers within tens of minutes.”

Herring form shoals to migrate during the autumn spawning season. Some shoals were 40 km across and 30 m from top to bottom. They formed in deep water and moved into more shallow waters to spawn.

Forming shoals helps protect them from predators (掠食者) by giving them simple strength in numbers. The ordered movement of the shoal means the fish can reach their spawning ground more quickly and more safely.

Scientists have never before gathered information on so many animals acting together. Understanding these herring shoals could lead to more ideas about what causes animals to move in schools, says Iain Couzin, a biologist at Princeton University, US.

1. Which school in the following expressions is used the same way as the underlined one in the first paragraph?

A. schools of thoughts       B. school a horse   C. a school of whales       D. a medical school

2. Which of the following statements is true?

A. There are more large shoals of herring at night than in the daytime.

B. The research on Atlantic herring was conducted independently by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

C. The larger the shoal of herring is, the more slowly it moves.

D. Scientists have found out the reason why fish gather and move together in huge shoals.

3. According to the research, herring tend to get together except ______.

A.when there are predators around  B. when they spawn C. when the sun sets  D. when the sun rises

4. What seems to be the main reason for herring to gather and move together?

A. To avoid the darkness.

B. To keep other kinds of fish out of their spawning ground.

C. To spawn in the shallow waters.

D. To make themselves feel safe.

六、書面表達（計16分）

假設(shè)你是李華。5月11日是母親節(jié)，你的美國朋友Sandy問你在這一天有何打算。請你根據(jù)以下提示，給她寫一封回信，談?wù)勀阋�做的事情，并簡單說明原因。開頭與結(jié)尾已寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

1．幫助母親做家務(wù)；

2．送禮物；

3．寫賀卡。

要求：100字左右。

Dear Sandy,

I'm very glad to receive your letter．                                               

Have you got any other ideas? Look forward to your reply．

Best wishes．

Yours truly,

 They often change the kind of crop in each field ____ few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans.

       A. every  B. a        C. each    D. some

__________, she stood there without saying anything.

A. Tears coming to her eyes       B. Tears came to her eyes

C. With tears come to her eyes     D. Tears comes to her eyes

____________ he wants to say is ____________ he missed the bus.

A. That, what     B. All, what      C. What, that      D. All what, what

When we climbed up to the top of the mountain, we were all___________.

A．out of the breath            B．short of the breath

C．out of breath               D．short of breaths

We redheads are well known for our bad tempers. Now it seems there is scientific backing for our particular complaining as well.

Scientists in the United States studied a group of 144 dental patients almost half of whom had red hair. They found that the red-haired group were more sensitive to pain and as a result were twice as likely to avoid visiting the dentist.

Previous research had shown that redheads were more resistant to the effects of local anaesthesia(局部麻醉) than people with other hair colours.

The scientists say that this red-haired sensitivity to pain stems from the actions of a gene called MC1R. This is responsible for the production of melanin which gives skin and hair its colour. In about five percent of white people the gene is mutated(突變) leading to fair skin and red hair.

Researchers say there are some people with the gene in the brain and that this could affect pain sensitivity.

Professor Daniel Sessler from the Cleveland Clinic in the United States is one of the authors of the study. He says the research is a considerable scientific breakthrough.

"Red hair is the first phenotype(表現(xiàn)某一顯性特征之生物個體或群體) of anaesthetic requirement in humans. And what I mean by phenotype is an external(外部的) characteristic.

"So suppuse you are walking down the street and you see someone who's a little older and a little younger - that tells you nothing about their anaesthetic requirement. You see a man and a woman - that tells you nothing about their anaesthetic requirement. But you see a redhead - aha! You know that person is going to require 20 percent more general anaesthesia."

From my own personal experience I would say that there is some merit to this idea. I have found that I have had to ask dentists for extra anaesthetic in the middle of procedures.

Some dentists argue that a greater sensitivity to pain might actually benefit redheads and drive them to see the dentist more quickly. In my own case I can prove that is definitely not true.

49. We learn from the text that red- haired group are _______________.

       A. easily influenced by the sense of pain and need more anthaethetic reqiurement

       B. usually more sensitive to some painful things

       C. just well-known for their good temper and strong pain sensitivity

       D. good-looking with fair skin and red hair

50. What do the scientists think this red-haired sensitivity to pain results from?

       A. melanin which is responsible for the production which gives skin and hair its colour.

    B. the mutated gene leading to fair skin and red hair

    C. some persons with this gene in the brain

       D. an external characteristic of a person.

51. According to Professor Daniel Sessler, the most amazing thing about the anaesthetic requirement in humans which can be judged by ______.

       A. someone’s age and hair    

       B. someome’s gender and figure

       C. someone’s teeth and the skills of the dentist

       D. someone’s external charateristic

52. We can infer from the last two paragraphs that _____.

       A . redheads need less anaesthetic in the operation

       B. the results of this red-haired sensitivity to pain will be the same

       C. the writer is a red-haired person

       D. redheads have many benefits of being red-haired

 ---Where did you find your deskmate Tom?

  --- It is in the library _______ he studied.

      A. that                         B. where               C. which                      D. if

 Don’t eat too much chocolate, or you can ______ weight quickly.

A. put into           B. put out               C. put up        D. put on