Advertising is as old as story-telling itself. For as long as people have wanted to persuade others to buy their goods, give them their vote or lay down their lives, they have used the methods of advertising. Of course, methods have changed over the years. At first, word of mouth was the only means of communicating, but after the invention of the first printing press and the arrival of the first newspaper, the camera, the television, and the home video recorder, the persuasive methods of the advertising industry have become much more sophisticated.

Advertising appeals more to our emotions than to our minds and therefore uses persuasive techniques which, though not misleading, are certainly biased towards its products. Advertisements have some basic features.

·They are fast and short. They deliver their message in minimum time and space.

·They are concentrated. Their language and images are extremely dense.

·They appeal to consumers’ emotions rather than to their logic.

·They entertain. That entertainment may be in the form of a jazzy melody or a photograph or a clever joke, but it always draws attention to itself because advertisements have to compete against every other competitor for consumers’ attention.

1.In the past, people used methods of advertising when they wanted others to           .

       A．buy their products and lay down

       B．vote for them and give up their lives

       C．support them and lie down

       D．buy their products and give them tickets

2.How can advertisements attract people?

       A．By showing reasonable prices of the products.

       B．By showing fabulous pictures of the products.

       C．By reminding people to think before deciding to buy the products.

       D．By persuading people in the form of music, pictures and so on.

3.The writer implied in the passage that           .

       A．a(chǎn)dvertisers only present good points of their products

       B．a(chǎn)dvertisers try to cheat consumers

       C．a(chǎn)dvertisers are not sure about their products

       D．a(chǎn)dvertisers are competing with each other.

4.“Itself” in the last sentence of the passage refers to           .

       A．photograph      B．entertainment    C．joke   D．jazzy melody

How hard we have all prayed(祈禱) to grow up quickly, and looked forward to the happy days of being a grown-up and enjoying the many interests that a youth should have.

At last, you have grown up. At least you are no longer a child. They call you “young lady”. You then enjoy the pleasure of being a young lady. You are proud of being a grown-up teenager. People welcome you-this young lady-heartily. You are glad that your prayer has been answered.

But there is always something that troubles you a lot. You say; “Papa and Mama, give me some money please. My pocket money is all gone already.”

“No”, they say, “your age is a dangerous age. If you have too much money to spend, it won’t do you any good.” Then you have to stay at home because you dare not go out with an empty pocket.

Another time you tell your grandma, “Grandma, see, I am a grown-up now.”

“Good, now, you can sit here and knit (編織) this for me while I go and have a rest.” To show that you are no more a child, you have to sit there the whole afternoon doing the work, which only a grown-up can do. After an hour, you find it hard to do, and give the knitting basket back to your grandma. Your grandma criticizes your work. You hear what she says, “Such a big girl can’t do such easy work.” You wish then you were a child again.

But the fact is, you are growing up, and you can’t help it. That’s the way it goes!

1.The passage is told about _______ problems.

   A. a growing-up boy’s    B. a teenage girl’s   C. an old woman’s       D. a grown-up’s

2.It is clear that the writer, as a teenager, ________.

   A. is pleased with the present life   B. is unhappy about growing up

   C. doesn’t think her, present life happy enough   D. knows happy life will come to her soon

3.How does she know her prayer has been answered?

   A. People treat her as a young lady.    B. She is no longer a kid.

   C. People begin to call her teenager.   D. She can join women in all kinds of activities.

4.From what her parents say, we know _________.

   A. they don’t believe she is already a teenager   B. it’s dangerous for a girl to spend money

   C. they love her more than before             D. they still regard her as a child

5.Having heard her grandma’s criticism, _________.

   A. she has to lie in bed, doing nothing  

   B. she knows she has already worked the whole afternoon

   C. she wishes she were not growing up  

   D. she finds it isn’t her turn to do knitting

BUKHANNON, West Virginia—Two rescue teams slowly moved along a two-mile path on Monday night to the site of a coal mine explosion that trapped 13 miners, who had not been heard from since the early morning accident.

Meanwhile, at a nearby church, more than 250 family members and friends gathered, waiting for updates（最新報道）on the rescuers’ progress.

The miners were trapped at about 6:30 and many families weren’t informed of the accident until about 10 a.m-more than three hours after it happened. “It’s very upsetting, but you’ve got to be patient, I guess,” said John Helms, whose brother, Terry, was trapped in the mine.

The trapped miners were about 260 feet underground and about 10,000 feet from the Sago Mine’s entrance, said Roger Nicholson, general counsel from International Coal Group.

At a late night news conference, Nicholson said one team had advanced about 4,800 feet in the four hours since entering the mine just before 6 p.m. Another team entered the mine about 30 minutes later.

He said the crew was very experienced, with some members having worked underground for 30 to 35 years. The miners were equipped with about one hour of breathable oxygen each. The company has not released the names of the miners.

The teams test the air about every 500 feet, and have to disconnect (remove) the power to the phones they use to communicate with the surface before doing that. “We don’t want to be energizing anything if it’s in an atmosphere with burnable gases,” Kips said. The cause of the explosion was not immediately known. High levels of carbon monoxide were detected shortly after the explosion, which delayed rescue efforts, but those levels have since subsided（減退）, authorities said.

53. According to the passage, we can infer that ______.

A. all the miners who were trapped underground were still alive

B. communication with the trapped miners was cut off

C. the two rescue teams entered the mine at the same time

D. the rescue started as soon as the accident happened

54. If the first team advanced at an average speed, they could dig about ______ per hour.

A. 1,000 feet           B. 2,400 feet               C. 1,200 feet                D. 4,800 feet

55. Where can the passage be seen?

A. In a magazine.                                   B. In a newspaper.       ？

C. In a science book..     ？                    D. On an advertisement.

56. Which of the following shows the position where the miners were trapped?

    ？

Charlton Heston was born in 1923 in Evanston, Illinois. Charlton Heston discovered his interest in acting while performing in plays at his high school. He later spent two years studying theater at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. But he left college to join the Army Air Forces during World War Two.

After the war, he found small roles in the theater as well as in television shows. His performance in a television version of the book Jane Eyre caught the attention of the Hollywood producer Cecil B. DeMille who later asked Heston to play the role of Moses in his movie The Ten Commandments which came out in 1956. This role made Heston famous and defined (明確) his career as a hero and leader. His face and body represented strength and heroism in many different roles. He played cowboys, soldiers and athletes.

The 1959 movie Ben Hur made Charlton Heston an even bigger star. Ben Hur won eleven Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Charlton Heston. Heston starred in many adventure movies during the 1960s. In the 1970s, Heston appeared in popular disaster movies like Earthquake,. Skyjacked and Airport 1975.

Charlton Heston was also very active in the movie industry. He worked to help set up the American Film Institute. In 1977 he was honored for his service in the industry. He received the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In 1997 he was awarded a Kennedy Center Honor. And, in 2003, President Bush gave Charlton Heston a Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor.

In 2000, Charlton Heston issued a statement announcing that he had an Alzheimer's disease. He died in 2008 at his home in Beverly Hills, California.

1. What kind of role did Charlton Heston often play in films?

A. Heroes.       B. Cowboys.        C. Soldiers.         D. Athletes.

2. Which film won Best Actor for Charlton Heston?

A. Jane Eyre.               B. Earthquake.      C. Ben Hur.          D. The Ten Commandments.

3. What can we learn about Charlton Heston according to the passage?

A. He began to show his talent in Ben Hut.     B. He used to be a soldier.

C. He was once awarded by Kennedy.                D. He won eleven Academy Awards.

4. What's the main idea of Paragraph 2?

A. How Charlton Heston became famous.

B. How Charlton Heston began his career.

C. Who made Charlton Heston a popular star.

D. Who made Charlton Heston win so many awards.

School failure appears to trouble teenage girls more deeply than boys, US researchers said on Tuesday.

    They said adolescent (青春期的) girls who are dismissed or drop out of high school before they graduate are more likely to have a serious depression by age 21 than boys with similar experiences．

    “For girls it is more serious to be school failure，”said Carolyn McCarty．a(chǎn) university of Washington researcher whose study appears in the Journal of Adolescent Health．

    “We already know that it leads to more poverty，higher rates of being on public assistance and lower rates of job stability．And now this study shows it is having mental health implications for girls，”McCarty said in a statement．

    The study was drawn from data on more than 800 people in Seattle，Washington，and included people from 1 8 schools in high-crime neighborhoods．

    The group was separated evenly (平等的) by gender (性別) and nearly half were white． 24 percent were black，21 percent were Asian-American and the rest were from other groups．

    Overall，45 percent of the girls and 68 percent of the boys in the study experienced a major school failure，but 22 percent of the girls later became depressed compared with 17 percent for the boys．   

    “This gender shows hat while school failure is more typical for girls，it appears to have more severe consequences when it does occur，”McCarty said．

60．What is the purpose of writing this article?

    A．Taking good care of the school boys．

    B．Asking the US researchel"8 to search more evidences

      C．Giving help to the graduated students．

      D．Calling on us to pay more attention to the school failure girls．

61．Carolyn McCarty is          ．   

    A. a scientist    B. a researcher   C. a professor    D. a student

62．The underlined word“it”in Para．4 means               ．

    A. school failure                   B. an adolescent girl

    C. A school boy                     D. a university

63．Which of the following could be the main topic of this passage?

    A．School failure appears to trouble teenage girls more deeply than boys．

    B．Girls are unlikely to be affected by school failure．

    C．Gender has decided how much success you will win．

    D．Adolescent girls are more easily depressed than boys．

Relation between the United States and Columbia suffered for many years because of an incident involving the Republic of Panama. By the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898, many Americans felt that an easier and faster way was needed to get ships from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Some people in the United States first believed that a canal across Nicaragua was the answer. However, President Theodore Roosevelt decided that a canal through Panama would be a better choice.

In order to build the canal , the United States had to negotiate （談判） a treaty with Columbia , which at that time controlled Panama . Roosevelt offered Columbia $ 10 million plus $ 250,000 a year for 99 years for a six-mile-wide strip of land across Panama. Columbia rejected the United States’ offer. This ranged President Roosevelt, and negotiations with Columbia ended.

In 1903, a revolution broke out in Panama. The United States ships were sent by President Roosevelt to protect the Panamanian revolutionaries from Columbian forces. The revolution succeeded, and Panama declared its independence from Columbia. The United States then negotiated with the newly formed government. A treaty was signed, and the United States began building the canal.

As a result of the incident, Columbia and the United States remained on bad terms for many years. Not until 1921, when the United States agreed to pay Columbia some compensation (賠償) for its territory, did relations between the two countries improve.

1. According to the passage, the United States and Columbia were on bad terms because the United States had ________.

A. at first wished to build a canal through Nicaragua

B. promised to pay Columbia $ 10 million for Panama

C. wished to build a canal through Panama

D. supported Panamanian revolutionaries in their fight for independence from Columbia.

2.  From the information in the passage, it can be concluded that the United States ______.

A. wanted to build a canal because it was considered starting a war

B. felt that building a canal through Panama was worth the risk of ruining relations with Columbia

C. believed that a canal through Nicaragua would be profitable

D. had lost the Spanish-American War

3.  It can be inferred from the passage that an important reason for the decision of the United States to build a canal was to _______.

A. develop trade relations with Europe

B. improve relations with South American countries

C. prevent European ships from reaching the Pacific Ocean

D. reduce travel time for its ships in case of war

4. The passage mainly gives us________.

A. advice                     B. information                 C. humor        D. news

Even before World War Ⅱ ended in 1945,many world leaders dreamed of a new organization that would keep international peace and safety,and encourage international cooperation（合作）.An organization was formed.The United Nations was to work to this ideal of mankind.

When the UN was founded in 1945,it was made up of fifty members.Fifteen members sat on the Security Council（安理會）.Five members—the United States,the Soviet Union,Great Britain,France and China—were given,not changing membership on the Council.The Council was given the power to settle fights among nations by persuasion,mediation（調解） or other means.A General Assembly（聯(lián)合國大會）,which included every UN member,was also set up.The Assembly could consider,discuss,and pass resolutions（決議案）.

As the UN passed its fortieth birthday in 1985,it came under increasingly sharp attack by Americans.It declared that the UN is unfit as a peace keeper and cited（援引） 130 wars since 1945 as a proof（證據(jù)）.

The UN’s supporters say that the organization is the world’s best hope for peace.The UN provides,supporters also point out,much needed economic and technical help to less developed nations.

1.The function（功能）of the Security Council is ________.

A.to keep international peace and security and promote（促進） international cooperation

B.to consider,discuss,and pass on blinding resolutions

C.to settle disputes（爭端） among nations by persuasion,mediation or other means

D.to keep international peace and security by force

2.Why has the UN come under increasingly sharp attack by Americans since 1985?

A.Because the UN has been unfit as a peace keeper.

B.Because 130 wars have broken out since 1945.

C.Because the US hasn’t been able to control the UN completely since 1985.

D.Because the US was not satisfied with the UN since 1985.

3.What do you think of the UN’s supporters’ words?

A.They are fair.                                                B.They are unfair.

C.They are for the UN’s supporters.                  D.They sharply attack Americans.

4.The UN’s supporters ________.

A.probably belong to the third world

B.are developed countries

C.must be people from Africa and Europe

D.may not be members of the UN

A young man applied for a job as a farmhand. When the farmer asked for his qualifications(資歷), he said, “I can sleep when the wind blows.”

       This puzzled the farmer. But he liked the young man, and hired him.

       A few days later, the farmer and his wife were awakened in the night by a violent storm. They quickly began to check things to see if all was safe from damage. They found that the doors of the farmhouse had been safely fastened, and a lot of wood had been set next to the fireplace.

       The young man slept soundly.

       The farmer and his wife then looked at their property (財產(chǎn)) carefully. They found that the farm tools had been placed in the storage room, safe from the bad weather. The tractor had been moved into the garage. The barn was properly locked. Even the animals were calm. All was well.

       The farmer then understood the meaning of the young man’s words, “ I can sleep when the wind blows.”

       The farmhand did his work loyally. When the sky was clear, he had prepared for the storm in case it broke. So when the wind blew, there was no need for him to be afraid. He could sleep in peace.

1. The underlined word “fastened” in Para. 3 can be replaced by ______.

       A. closed                      B. damaged                   C. taken                D. moved

2. From the passage, we can learn that ______.

       A. at first the farmer understood his words well

       B. the young man was awakened in the night by a violent storm

       C. the young man had prepared for the storm before it came

       D. the young man was too sleepy to wake up in the night

3. The best title for this passage is ______.

       A. Sleeping in peace through the storm           B. A violent storm

       C. A young man and his dream                        D. A clever farmer

4. Which of the following proverbs can best explain the story?

       A. Lookers-on see more than players        

B. Two heads are better than one

       C. A stitch（針）in time saves nine 

      D. No man can do two things at a time

Every autumn, as families across the United States get ready to send their kids to college, the economics of higher education receive renewed attention. College is expensive and becoming more so in the U. S. The situation raises two questions: Why does it cost so much, and how can students and their families afford it?

Several studies published in the past few weeks reflect on these questions. The findings provide comfort to poor families.

First, it appears that only the minority actually pay the "high price". A study by the US Education Department's National Center for Education Statistics found that 55 percent of college students last year received some forms of help--scholarships, loans(貸款)or jobs.

Other factors are also at work. The government has increased the size of its grants (補助金)to lower-income students. Grants, unlike loans, don't have to he repaid and are awarded only to college students who have not earned a bachelor's or professional degree.

At the same time, most colleges are spending more on undergraduate education than they are collecting in tuition fees. A study, which is part of the Williams College Project on the Economics of Higher Education, reaches the conclusion that on average colleges “subsidize (贊助)” their students. The results of these studies, however, leave unanswered the questions of whether educational costs are higher than they need to be. Some experts argue that much of the college cost results from educational competition for fame, students and facilities.

This puts upward pressure on tuition, hut many colleges feel that good fame will enable them to attract students even if they charge them more.

Therefore, until something important changes in the marketplace, costs seem likely to continue rising. And American families will continue to beat down the doors of the high price "college in the end．

1．From the fourth paragraph of the passage we can conclude that _______.

A．American families earn only a little money every year

B．American families pay little attention to education

C．American students often have to stop their studies

D．American colleges have different ways to help poor students

2．In the writer's opinion, for students from lower-income families, the best way is ________.

       A．to find a good job and make money         

       B．to borrow money from the banks

       C．to ask for grants                             

       D．to borrow money from friends

3．It can be inferred that in America _______.

       A．famous colleges only accept rich students.   

B．famous colleges charge their students more money

       C．the government spends little money on education

       D．families often break the doors of colleges

4．The writer of this passage seems to hold the opinion that _______.

       A．college fees rise too fast for poor families.    

B．poor people should borrow money from banks

       C．poor people don’t need to send their children to college

D．colleges should get more money to improve themselves

Below is a housing guide for students going to London. 

University accommodation (住所)offices

Many university accommodation offices have their own list of registered landlords (房東). Others also provide information on accommodation agencies and other housing organization. The advantage of using your university accommodation office is that you can get some support if you have a problem. The disadvantage is that they are unlikely to have enough registered landlords to houses all their students

Property papers: Loot and Renting

Loot is an important source (來源) of information about private housing for co-renters. The offers are from private landlords, agencies and individuals looking for other co-renters. They also have a website: www.loot.com. The advantage of using Loot is that there are some excellent bargains. The disadvantage is that there is no quality control over the offers.

Renting is another useful paper. The offers in this paper are mainly from accommodation agencies. Their website is at www. renting.co.uk.

Accommodation agencies

The majority of rented accommodation in London is probably advertised through accommodation agencies. The advantage of using accommodation agencies is that you will have access to a large number of accommodations. A good agent will listen to your requirements and can save you time in looking for the right accommodation. The disadvantage is that they will make a range of charges to potential renters.

Noticeboards

     Around the universities you will find a number of noticeboards where offers of accommodation will be posted. These will either be from landlords or from students. Some univerisites will also have online noticeboards where students can advertise to other students. Advertisements from students can be an excellent way to find accommodation. However, advertisements from landlords can be problematic. 

Word of mouth

     Some of the best housing in London is never advertised but is passed on from one group of students to another by word of mouth. It might be that you can find out about good offers from final year students. However, don’t suppose that just because you have found out about housing from a friend it is necessarily going to be better than that found through any other source.

Family

    Faced with the very high rents charged in London, some students and their parents will consider buying as an alternative. In some cases this might be a good choice.

1. What is the advantage of using Loot?

A. It has more offers from accommodation agencies than Renting.

B. It gives you personal information about other co-renters.

C. Their website is designed mainly for students.

D. There are some good bargains.

2. A good agent can help you ____.

A. know more people                           B. find cheap accommodation

C. get the right accommodation quickly  D. get free information about most accommodations

3. The information passed on by word of mouth is important because____.

A. it is better than that found through any other source

B. it helps you find some of the best housing never advertised.

 C. the final year students always offer better information

 D. the landlords have little valuable information 

4. For students going to London for the first time, which of the following provides the most reliable information?

 A. University accommodation offices.      B. Loot and Renting

C. Noticeboards.                       D. Family