When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed（向……演講） the people at the Rio Earth Summit. “ I am only a child,” I told them.” Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be. At school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the things you tell us not to do. You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make your actions reflect your words.”
I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the people even cried. I thought that maybe I had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur（刺激）action. Now, ten years from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been achieved. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.
When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices—educa-tion, career, lifestyle—life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is progress, but we aren’t taught how to seek a happy, healthy way of living. And we are learning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was idealistic and naive（天真的）.
Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of the change. I hope this goal will be met through our common efforts. Thank you all.
【小題1】The purpose of what the speaker said at the age of 12 was to     .

A．end poverty and make schools beautiful

B．find environmental answers and show off

C．focus people’s attention on some social problems

D．find a wonderful place and clean it up

【小題2】What does the underlined word “ovation”in the second paragraph refer to?

A．A long period of laughing.	B．A cold and unfriendly welcome.
C．An expression used for greeting.
D．Great applause or cheering.

【小題3】The information in the text is presented mainly through      .

A．question and answer	B．a(chǎn) personal lecture
C．cause and effect	D．listing steps in a process

【小題4】Which of the following best describes the speaker?

A．He is an experienced educator.

B．He is an impolite man.

C．He is a man of great worries.

D．He is a man of social responsibility.

If you’re networking（建立人際關(guān)系）and nothing is happening，you might need to evaluate how you’re doing it．Maybe you show up at each event and still feel challenged by the process．You aggressively talk to people，give out your cards，call endlessly to schedule an appointment but have no real success from your efforts．To help you gain a different future，here are eight habits you should avoid.（避免）
Ineffective networkers：
1．Lack patience．They expect immediate results and want business now, not tomorrow．
2．Constantly“selling”something．They see dollar signs every time they shake hands with someone．
3．Too many choices．If they offer a variety of products，they might try too hard to tell about all of them．Offering too much infomation sends a confusing message making it difficult for people to send references．Opportunities are all around us but when you’ re networking j only focus on one．
4．Change positions too often．If they move from company to company or do something totally different，it might be difficult for people to keep up with them．
5. Lack manners and respect．They interrupt others，talk with food in their mouth，aren’t very polite and appear unprofessional．They call people during dinner or on the weekends without thinking whether the occasion is suitable．
6. Focus on themselves. Too much self-promotion can leave the other person to feel unappreciated. Every sentence begins with“I”and is all about their business．
7．“Taking”instead of“giving”．They don’t realize what other people sense when they are being very selfish．Others may think that they are being taken advantage of．
8．Poor communication and interpersonal skills．They have trouble speaking effectively，building relationships and following up．
Networking is a process that is an investment of time and money．If you find you’re doing any of these habits，consider learning how to improve on these and maximize your results while networking．You’ll start to get better at connecting with people and obtain more opportunities．
【小題1】According to the text，some people didn’t succeed in networking because      .

A．they didn’t make efforts	B．they didn’t behave effectively
C．they didn’t pay enough money	D．they didn’t spend enough time

【小題2】According to the second habit，we shouldn’t      when we are networking．

A．make friends	B．talk about dollars
C．shake hands with everyone	D．pay attention to money only

【小題3】When talking with others，you should       .

A．give out your cards every now and then

B．talk about the quality of your product as much as possible

C．1et other people express themselves completely

D．interrupt others when they make a mistake

【小題4】Which of the following is not suitable for a salesman’s behavior?

A．He offers too much self-promotion during the conversation．

B．He considers when he can get what he expects carefully．

C．He only focuses on one opportunity when networking．

D．He keeps his promises and doesn’t expect too much from others．

How Much to Tip
You’re out to dinner. The food is delicious and the service is fine. You decide to leave a big fat tip. Why? The answer may not be as simple as you think.
Tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service. Instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter’s choice of words, to how they carry themselves while taking orders, to the bill’s total. Even how much waiters remind customers of themselves can determine how much change they pocket by the end of the night.
“Studies before have shown that mimicry (模仿) brings into positive feelings for the mimicker,” wrote Rick van Baaren, a social psychology professor. “These studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimics them.”
So Rick van Baaren divided 59 waiters into two groups. He requested that half serve with a phrase such as, “Coming up!” Those in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back to the customers. Rick van Baaren then compared their take-home. The results were clear — it pays to mimic your customer. The copycat(模仿者) waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.
Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St. Louis, found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill. After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cabdrivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers’ bills went up. In fact, tip percentages appear to plateau (達(dá)到穩(wěn)定水平) when bills topped $100 and a bill for $200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a bill for $100.
“That’s also a point of tipping,” Green says. “You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you. If they weren’t there, you’d never get any service. So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there.”
【小題1】 Apart from service, how many other factors affecting the customers’ tipping are mentioned in the passage?

A．1.

B．2.

C．3.

D．4.

【小題2】 These studies show that _________.

A．tipping can be affected by physical reactions to many different waiter’s factors

B．people who are being mimicked usually tip less to the person who mimics them

C．the mimic waiters can get almost twice as much money as the other group

D．mimicry makes the mimicker feel bad

【小題3】 According to the passage, which of the following will be likely to show the right change of the tip percentages?
 
A                    B                  C                  D
【小題4】 We know from the passage that the writer seems to __________.

A．object to Mr. Green’s idea about tipping

B．think part of Mr. Green’s explanation is reasonable

C．give his generous tip to waiters very often

D．support the opinions of Mr. Green and Rick van Baaren about tipping

They are among the 250, 000 people under the age of 25 who are out of work in the Netherlands, a group that makes up 40 percent of the nation’s unemployed．A storm of anger boils up at the government-sponsored （政府資助的） youth center, even among those who are continuing their studies．
“We study for jobs that don’t exist,” Nicollets Steggerda, 23, said．
After thirty years of prosperity, unemployment among 10 member nations of the European Community has reached as much as 11 percent, affecting a total of 12．3 million people, and the number is climbing．
The bitter disappointment long expressed by British youths is spreading across the Continent．The title of a rock song “No Future” can now be seen written on the brick walls of closed factories in Belgium and France．
One form of protest（抗議） tends to put the responsibility for a country’s economic troubles on the large numbers of “guest workers” from Third World nations, people welcomed in Western Europe in the years of prosperity．
Young Europeans, brought up in an extended period of economic success and general stability, seem to be similar to Americans more than they do their own parents．Material enjoyment has given them a sense of expectation, even the right to a standard of living that they see around them．
“And so we pass the days at the discos, or meet people at the café, and sit and stare,” said Isabella Cault．"There is usually not much conversation．You look for happiness．Sometimes you even find it．”
【小題1】Unemployment in the Netherlands has affected _______

A．one million people	B．250,000 people
C．1ess than half of the population	D．a(chǎn)bout 0.6 million people

【小題2】What Nicollete Steggerda said （Para．2） means that ________．

A．the students cannot get work after graduation

B．what the students learn is more than necessary

C．the students’ aim in study is not clear

D．school education is not sufficient

【小題3】The underlined word ‘‘it” in the last paragraph most probably refers to ________．

A．material enjoyment	B．a(chǎn) sense of expectation
C．happiness	D．a(chǎn) job

Shopping in the United States changes a lot．About ninety years ago most people shopped in small stores that were owned by one person or a family．Women went from the bakery to the butcher’s to the grocer and on to the fruit and vegetable seller in order to get their food for the week．Then, about sixty years ago, supermarkets were born．In a supermarket, people could get all the different kinds of food they needed without going to different stores．
The next big change in shopping in the United States was the shopping mall．A shopping mall is a group of stores under one roof．Because malls allowed people to shop without worrying about the weather, they soon became very popular．The mall became a place for people to socialize in addition to shopping．If you walk through a mall, you will see older people sitting, chatting and drinking coffee．Malls are places for teenagers to hang out．Many teens will often just “go to the mall” and spend time with their friends．
The recent change in American shopping was the superstore．Large chain stores such as Wal-Mart, Office Depot and Toys “R” Us have been built all across the United States．Because they are so large, they can buy goods at a great discount and sell them much cheaper than smaller stores．Sometimes, when they are built near small towns, many of the small town stores have to close．They just cannot compete with their giant neighbors．
And now, online shopping is becoming more and more popular all over the States．People are too busy to go to the physical stores, so they go shopping over the Internet．Online shopping has lots of advantages．For instance, online stores are usually available 24 hours a day．Searching or browsing online shops can be faster than browsing the physical stores．While, online shopping also has its disadvantages．People are at higher risk of being cheated on the part of the merchant than in a physical store．And privacy of personal information may be let out．
【小題1】Which of the following shows the right order of shopping development in the United States?
①small stores ②superstores ③shopping malls ④shopping online ⑤supermarkets

A．①②③④⑤

B．①⑤③②④

C．②③④①⑤

D．①⑤②③④

【小題2】Which is the place for people to spend time with others according to the passage?

A．Small stores．

B．Supermarkets．

C．Shopping malls

D．Superstores．

【小題3】Why can the superstores sell products at much lower prices?

A．Because they can buy goods at a reduction in price．

B．Because they are across the United States．

C．Because they sell all kinds of products people need．

D．Because they are built near small towns．

【小題4】What’s the disadvantage of online shopping according to the passage?

A．Wasting time．	B．Fixed prices．
C．No chance to do physical activities.	D．Leaking personal information．

A few years ago I was shopping with a friend and his 12-year-old daughter in downtown San Francisco．A street musician，whom my friend happened to know from his own musician day，was playing the saxophone on a street corner．His name was Clifford，and he had attracted a large crowd with his performance．After he finished，my friend introduced him to me and his daughter．Clifford asked her if she played any instrument．When she replied that she was taking trumpet (小號) lessons and played in her junior high school band，he said，“That’s fine，little lady．Learn your instrument well and you can play anything．”Somehow these simple yet wise words struck me as suitable not only for a trumpet player but  also for a reader．If you learn to read well，you can read anything you want—not just newspapers and magazines，but more difficult material like philosophy，film criticism，military history—whatever interests you as your confidence grows．You would not be limited in any way．If you have the vocabulary –or    at least a good dictionary near at hand—you can pick up a book，concentrate on it, and make sense of the writer’s words．
In the United States，reading instruction often ends at elementary school，so students sometimes have difficulty as they progress through school．They must take their assignments，armed only with their elementary，school reading skills．The result，too often，is frustration (挫折) and loss of confidence．And the assigned reading in your college courses will be even greater than they were in high school．Developing Reading Skills is designed to accomplish several tasks：to show you the skills that will enable you to read with greater comprehension，to help you deal with reading assignment with confidence，and to teach you to become an active reader．
【小題1】The talk between the girl and Clifford serves as an introduction to      ．

A．the importance of reading

B．the connection between playing instruments and reading

C．the necessity of learning to play an instrument

D．the variety of reading material

【小題2】It can be inferred from the story that    ．

A．Clifford was good at playing the saxophone

B．the writer’s friend was once a street musician

C．the 12-year-old girl played the trumpet very poorly

D．Clifford was a good music teacher

【小題3】We can infer from the last paragraph that Developing Reading Skills    ．

A．is directed to elementary school students	B．centers around vocabulary building skills
C．a(chǎn)ims at helping students read better	D．offers elementary reading skills

【小題4】With good reading skills，you can    ．

A．understand anything you read without difficulty

B．work out the writer’s meaning if only you concentrate on the book

C．understand what you read with the help of a good dictionary

D．Concentrate on whatever you read

In most of the time, I am devoted to my research in the lab with my friend Dave, who loves traveling very much. To make our life colorful and relax ourselves, in July, my friend and I are taking a camping trip. We will travel for four weeks and will tour the United States and part of Canada. We have decided to camp because it does not cost as much as vacationing (度假) in hotels.
We have to plan very carefully in advance. First, the car we are going to drive is very small, so we have decided to take only one small suitcase each and as few camping things as possible. We will take some medicine with us to prevent insects (昆蟲) from hurting us, and also food for picnics. Second, there is a lot to see in the United States and Canada, so we have to decide on the direction (方向) we want to drive.
The date we are leaving is July 2, from which day we will have two months off.  We want to see and do many things on our camping tour. We want to climb in the mountains, visit famous caves, and swim in cool mountain rivers. We want to visit many cities and talk to many people, which I am sure can enrich our experience greatly. We also want to find a hotel room if it rains at night. We expect to have an exciting trip.
【小題1】 The two friends are going to take a camping trip ________.

A．if they have four weeks’ time off	B．though it will be a long trip
C．so that they can save money	D．because it will be warm enough in July

【小題2】Which of the following statements is possibly true?

A．They are now on the trip	B．They are going to make a tour all over the U.S and Canada.
C．They are quite rich.	D．July is drawing near.

【小題3】 We learn from the second paragraph that ________.

A．they must be ill.	B．they will bring a lot in the car.
C．they must have studied the map carefully.	D．they must have been hurt by insects.

【小題4】 It is quite clear that ________.

A．there will be no insects at all.	B．they are sure to take some medicine on the trip.
C．the two friends will take turns to drive.	D．the two friends will share a suitcase.

【小題5】 If they are caught in the rain , they will ________.

A．talk to their families while it rains.	B．a(chǎn)sk others for help.
C．have to stop climbing.	D．have to stay in a hotel for the night.

Summer Holiday Fun 2010 !
The summer holidays are upon us again. Here is our guide to summer holiday fun in Peterborough!
Peterborough Museum
The Age of the Dinosaurs’ is the museum’s main attraction this summer．Get up close to prehistoric creatures via some great hands—on exhibits! Watch out for monsters lurking (潛伏) around every ember! The museum is open from 10：00am to 5：00pm Monday to Saturday，and from 12:00pm to 4:00 pm on Sundays in August．
Call 01733 864663 for details
Saxon Youth Club
School holiday fun：Young people aged 13－19 will be able to produce their own music, compete in spots activities, or try their hand at cooking at Saxon Youth Club, Saxon Community Centre, Norman Road, Peterborough every Monday and Wednesday from 3:00pm. PLUS an aero ball tournament will take place on Thursday 12th August between 3:30pm and 6:30pm.
Call 01353 720274 for details
Houghton Mill   
Alice through the Looking Class—a new production of the family favorite on Monday 30th. August. Bring rugs or chairs to sit on and a picnic if you wish to eat during the play. Gates open 5 : 30 pro performance 6:30pm—8:30pm. Tea room will be open until end of the interval. Adult ￡10. Child￡7. Family ￡20.
Booking advisable on 0845 4505157.
Farmland Museum and Denny Abbey
Farmland Gaines：From Wellie Wanging to Pretend Ploughing matches，come and join the Farmland Team．Collect your sporting stickers and create a colorful rosette (玫瑰形飾物) that is fit for a winner！No need to book, just turn up between 12: 00pm and 4:00pm on Thursday 19th August Suitable for children aged four and above，each child should be accompanied by an adult and all activities are included in the normal admission price Tickets Cost￡7 per child.
For further information, call 01223 810080.
【小題1】 If you are interested in cooking, you can go to       .

A．Peterborough Museum	B．Houghton Mill
C．Saxon Youth Club	D．Farmland Museum

【小題2】 You want to watch the new play with your parents，so it will cost you       ．

A．￡21

B．￡17

C．￡27

D．￡20

【小題3】 Which of the following activities needs parents’ company?

A．Playing farmland games.	B．Watching a new play.
C．Competing in spots activities.	D．Visiting the dinosaur exhibition.

【小題4】 If Tom comes to Peterborough for amusement on August 19, he will have     activities
to choose from for himself.

A．one activity	B．two activities
C．three activities	D．four activities

Several hundred strangers received “l(fā)ove letters” from a young man on the street. The letter was written and given out by Yang Yang, a student majoring in human resources at Chongqing University of Science and Technology，who hoped to show his disappointment with job hunting.
Yang’s story has caught media attention perhaps because it is similar to those of millions of recent graduates seeking jobs and struggling for survival in the country’s wealthiest cities. They have diplomas, rather than professional skills，and come to big cities in hopes of better lives, only to find low-paying jobs and poor living conditions.
They are China’s “ant tribe(蟻?zhàn)?”, a term created by sociologist Lian Si from Peking University in his 2009 book, Ant Tribe. “They’re so similar to ants. They share small and narrow living areas. They’re intelligent and hard-working, yet nameless and underpaid.” The term also speaks to their helplessness in a world governed by the law of the jungle -- only the strongest survive.
A survey in Lian’s another book published this year, Ant Tribe II, found nearly 30 percent of “ants” are graduates of famous universities—almost three times last year’s percentage. Most had degrees in popular majors. In addition, 7.2 percent of "ants" have at least a master’s degree compared to 1.6 percent in 2009.
An “ant’s” average monthly salary is l, 904 yuan, with about 64 percent of them earning less than 2,000 yuan a month.
Another survey in the 2010 Annual Report on the Development of Chinese Talent found more than 1 million “ants” live in big cities.
“Most ants are from rural families or small towns, and their experiences in universities didn’t arm them well enough to fight with competitors in big cities’ employment markets.” Professor Zhang Ming at Renmin University of China said.
The “ant tribe’s” embarrassing living situations have become a serious social problem, and the government should develop smaller cities to attract more graduates from big cities, Zhang
believed.
However, “ants” expect more study and training opportunities in big cities, which keeps them positive despite their situations.
【小題1】Yang’s story is introduced in order to_________.

A．a(chǎn)nalyze graduates’ difficulties in finding jobs

B．lead to the topic of the article—“ant tribe”

C．tell readers a story about those big cities

D．show a clever way of dealing with pressure

【小題2】The “ants” fail to find high-paying jobs mainly because__________.

A．they have no diplomas from good universities

B．their majors do not meet the needs of society

C．those from rural areas are not treated equally

D．they do not have necessary professional skills

【小題3】“Ant tribe” members are similar to ants in the following aspects EXCEPT that_________.

A．they live in narrow and small places in groups

B．they work hard but earn little for survival

C．they are in a world judged by the jungle law

D．they are pleased with being nameless and underpaid

【小題4】Professor Zhang thought “ants” problems could be solved by__________.

A．creating more jobs for graduates in big cities

B．developing smaller cities to attract graduates

C．sending graduates to rural areas and small towns

D．training graduates to improve their ability

Dear sir,
I read your story (of the 4th February) about the cost of living in the country rather than in the town, and I agree with most of the points that you made. My husband and I lived in the middle of Horlton until two years ago — a seaside town of nearly five hundred thousand people. When my husband stopped working, we moved to our present house in a small village at the foot of Roland Hill, and there is no doubt that our costs are higher now.
I have to do my shopping in small shops, where the food is more expensive than in city supermarkets; it costs more to travel by bus; and because the men who come to mend the television or the washing machine, have to come farther, we have to pay them more.
But it does not cost us much to enjoy what is beautiful in the country; and peace and quiet are cheap. Many people spend a great deal of time and money driving into the country to enjoy the simple things of life; yet we can enjoy them just by going out of the front door. It costs more to live here than it did in Horlton but now life really is worth living.
Yours faithfully.
Edith Randall
【小題1】What do you know about Horlton?

A．A quiet town not far from the sea.

B．A middle-sized town until two years ago.

C．A town with a population of nearly half a million.

D．A small village at the foot of Roland Hill

【小題2】 What Mrs Randall really wants to express in the letter is that _____.

A．it cost less to live in the country

B．it costs more to live in the country

C．living in the country is no better than in the town

D．she is quite satisfied with the life in the country

【小題3】One can probably find this letter in _____.

A．a(chǎn) guidebook

B．a(chǎn) newspaper

C．a(chǎn) speech

D．a(chǎn) story book

【小題4】According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A．The letter is written by an unknown person.

B．This letter is a reply to the questions of 4th February.

C．Living in the country is better than living in the city.

D．The cost of living in the city is lower than that of the country.