C
By far the most common difficulty in studying is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle (胡亂對付) along, doing a bit of this subject or that, as the mood takes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment.
Few students work to a set timetable. They say that if they did work out a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it, or would have to change it frequently, since they can never predict from one day to the next what their activities will be.
No doubt some students are more willing to accept a regular routine than others. There are many who shy away from a self-controlled weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a fixed program of work. Many able students state that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic, they work on it attentively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be admitted that we do not fully understand the motivation (動機)to work.. Most people over 25 years of age have become used to routine, and the majority of real productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important areas of their work. The “tough-minded” school doesn’t fully accept the idea that good work can only be done naturally, under the influence of inspiration.
Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of “freedom”. In fact, freedom from control and discipline（紀律）leads to unhappiness rather than to “self-expression” or “personality development”. Our society insists on regular habits, timekeeping and punctuality (準時), and whether we like it or not, if we mean to make our way in society, we have to meet its demands.
【小題1】The most widespread problem in applying oneself to study is ______.

A．changing from one subject to another

B．the failure to keep to a set timetable of work

C．the unwillingness to follow a systematic plan

D．working on a subject only when one feels like it

【小題2】Which of the following is true?

A．Many students are not interested in using self-controlled timetable.

B．Many students don’t like being told to study to a fixed timetable.

C．Most people of over 25 years of age don’t work to a set timetable.

D．Tough-minded people agree that good job is done naturally

【小題3】The underlined part “as the fit takes them” in paragraph 4 probably means ______.

A．when they have the energy

B．when they are in the mood

C．when they feel fit

D．when they find conditions are suitable

【小題4】A suitable title for the passage might be ______.

A．Attitudes to Study	B．A study Plan
C．The Difficulties in Studying	D．Study and Self-discipline

Garden building is considered an important part of Chinese culture. Some people say that if you have never walked through a Chinese garden, you cannot say that you have really visited China.
Traditional Chinese gardens are located(位于)in North China in such places as Beihai Park, the Summer Palace, the Forbidden City. In larger imperial gardens, the main buildings are connected by an imaginary（虛構的） line in the middle of the garden on the north-south axis(軸). Other features (特征)of imperial gardens are colored-paintings, man-made hills and lakes.
Most private gardens are found in the south, especially in cities south of the Yangtze River. Private gardens were mostly built at one side or at the back of the houses. Around the beautiful scene are small open areas with beautiful shaped-doors through which visitors can enjoy the sights. They are open on all sides and are often near the water so that the whole scene can be enjoyed. Suzhou, known as the home of gardens, displays the most and the best Chinese traditional private gardens. Different parts of it are examples of the garden style of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.[
The landscape garden contains a number of pleasant natural scenes and some fairy tales. The ancient Chinese used to call the garden landscape “Jing” , which means “scene” in English. Good examples include the ten West Lake Scenes in Hangzhou, the twenty-four slim West Lake in Yangzhou and the eight Daming Lake Scenes in Jinan.
【小題1】 The passage tells mainly about ________.

A．a(chǎn)n important part of Chinese culture

B．the characteristics (特征) of different style of Chinese garden building

C．where foreigners can find Chinese gardens

D．how to appreciate Chinese gardens

【小題2】 Which of the following is NOT a feature of the imperial garden?

A．There is a north-south axis in the center of garden

B．There are man-made hills and lakes in the gardens.

C．They were built because of some fairy tales.

D．They have colored-paintings.

【小題3】In the third paragraph, the underlined word “They” refer to ______.

A．private gardens	B．beautiful scenes
C．the houses	D．rivers and lakes

【小題4】According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A．Chinese people often invite foreigners to visit a Chinese garden.

B．The landscape garden reflects different styles of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

C．All three kinds of gardens make up the important part of Chinese culture which is appreciated by the people all over the world.

D．People enjoy the private gardens more than other two styles.

【小題5】 The garden landscape “Jing” which the ancient Chinese used to call actually means in English _________.

A． well

B．tight

C．garden

D．scene

People in the United States honor their parents with two special days：Mother’s Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Father’s Day, on the third Sunday in June. These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible(有責任感的) citizens. They give love and care. These two days make us think about the changing roles of mothers and fathers. More mothers now work outside the home. More fathers must help with child care.
These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother’s Day people wear carnations. A  red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is dead. Many people attend religious services to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery(墓地).On these days families get together at home,as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Father’s Day.These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.
Another tradition is to give cards and gifts.Children make them in school.Many people make their own presents. These are valued more than the ones bought  in stores. It is not the value of the gift that is important, but it is “the thought that counts”. Greeting card stores, florists, candy makers, bakeries, telephone companies, and other stores do a lot of business during these holidays.
【小題1】Which of the following is NOT a reason for children to show love and respect for parents?

A．Parents bring up children.

B．Parents give love and care to children.

C．Parents educate children to be good persons.

D．Parents pass away before children grow up.

【小題2】What do you think “florists” do?

A．They sell flowers.

B．They make and sell bread.

C．They offer enough room for having family parties.

D．They sell special gifts for Mother’s Day and Father’s Day.

【小題3】Which do you think is right about “carnation”?

A．It has only two kinds of colors.

B．It refers to the special clothes people wear on Mother’s Day or Father’s Day.

C．It’s a kind of flower showing love and best wishes.

D．People can wear carnations only on the second Sunday in May.

【小題4】What do you know from the passage?

A．Mother’s Day and Father’s Day are both in May.

B．Fewer women worked outside the home in the past.

C．Not all the children respect their parents.

D．Fathers are not as important as mothers at home.

【小題5】On Mother’s Day and Father’s Day,     .

A．people usually have family parties	B．everyone goes to visit the cemetery
C．children always go to parents’ home	D．hand-made cards are the most valuable gifts

Nickname: Hawaii’s Island of Adventure
Size: 4,028 square miles
Population: 148,677. The most heavily populated areas are Hilo on the east side and Kailua-Kona on the west.
Temperature: Averages between 71℉and 77℉year around (expect the mercury(水銀柱) to drop at higher heights).
Beaches: 47    Golf Courts: 20    Highest Peak: Mauna Kea, 13,796 feet.
Agriculture: The bulk of Hawaii’s farming products are grown and processed on the Big Island, including coffee, macadamia nuts and papaya.
Lodging: 9,655 rooms total; nightly rates range from $35—$5,000.
Airports: Hilo International Airport on the east side and Kona International Airport on the west side.
Rental Cars: All of the nationally known rental car companies have locations at Hilo International and Kona International Airports as well as many resorts. In addition, Hilo, Kona and the major resort areas are serviced by taxis.
Resources: Call (800) 648-2441 to order a video, poster, brochures and maps from the Big Island Visitors Bureau. See www.bigisland.org for updated information.
Shopping: The largest shopping centers are in Hilo, Kona, Waimea and the Kona Coast.
【小題1】 _________ are mostly interested in reading the passage.

A．Students

B．Businessmen

C．Tourists

D．Immigrants

【小題2】 The average population per square mile on the island is about _________.

A．28

B．32

C．37

D．44

【小題3】The underlined part “expect the mercury(水銀柱) to drop at higher heights” means _________.

A．Things are easy to lose weight at higher places

B．Dropping things from higher places is expected

C．Temperature is expected to be lower at higher places

D．Temperature is expected to be higher at higher places

【小題4】 __________ are not mentioned as a traffic means to get around the Big Island.

A．Trains

B．Planes

C．Rental cars

D．Taxis

【小題5】What can we infer from the passage?

A．You can see www.bigisland.org for updated information.

B．You can call (800) 648-2441 to order some food.

C．You can find some courts to play tennis on the island.

D．You may pay a high price for spending one night on the island.

Besides providing a perfect environment for sea plants and animals to live in, seawater has other values, one of which is that it constantly moves, and its movements produce energy.
The most obvious movements are the waves and the tides. Winds cause the waves, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun causes the tides. In places like the Bay of Fundy in Canada, the difference between the high and low tide level can be as much as 40 feet.
France and Britain are now trying to use energy in the tides to produce electricity. Waves can produce electricity and some experiments are taking place to learn more about this. One of the most encouraging areas of research uses the difference between the temperature of seawater at the surface and deep down to produce electricity. 
【小題1】Waves and tides are caused by ________ .

A．the same forces

B．different forces

C．their own movements

D．plants and animals

【小題2】It can be inferred from the passage that __________ .

A．waves as well as the energy in the tide can produce electricity

B．the highest tide is 40 feet higher than the lowest one at the sea

C．many countries in the world have made the most of energy produced by seawater

D．it is being tried in some developed countries to use energy in the tides to produce electricity

【小題3】 The best title for the passage is ______.

A．Tides and Waves

B．How to Produce Electricity

C．Seawater

D．Another Cheap Energy

Ted doesn’t like cars. He wants people to stop driving because cars make the air dirty. Ted had an idea. He said,“I’m going to cycle around North America. I want to show everyone that cycling is a fun way to get around. If more people ride bikes, the air will be cleaner.”
He left his hometown with $160 in his pocket. When he got to San Diego, he met another cyclist. The cyclist invited Ted to speak at a big meeting about the environment. He said,“We’ll pay your airfare to Texas and we’ll pay you to talk about your cycling trip.”Two hours later, Ted was on a plane to the environmental conference and to a big surprise!
While he was at the conference, he met Deanna. It was love at first sight! They talked for six hours straight.
The next day, Ted called Deanna and asked her to finish the trip with him. Deanna said yes, sold everything in her apartment, gave her notice at work, and was on the road with Ted 20 days later!
“It was difficult at first,”said Deanna. “Ted got up every morning at 6:00 a.m., but I wanted to sleep until noon.”After a few days, they started having fun. As they cycled from Florida to Montreal and then back to Vancouver, every day was an adventure. People paid for their food in restaurants and gave them extra money. Some people gave them $50 or $100. They slept in people’s backyards and drank beer with motorcycle gangs.
On their way back to Vancouver, they stopped in Edmonton to visit Ted’s relatives. During the stopover, they got married. People tied a “Just Married”sign and tin cans to the backs of their bikes. They now want to write a book about their trip. “We want people to know that you can be an environmentalist and still have fun, ”Ted said.
【小題1】 Ted got paid for ______.

A．giving a talk about his cycling trip	B．cycling throughout North America
C．traveling around North America by air	D．a(chǎn)ttending conferences on cycling

【小題2】 The “big surprise” he had at the conference was that _______ .

A．he met another cyclist who wanted to join him	B．he fell in love with a girl there
C．he gave a long talk lasting 6 hours	D．he had a lot of fun talking about his cycling trip

【小題3】 The underlined part “gave her notice at work” probably means __________ .

A．Deanna was fired by her boss for not going to work

B．Deanna asked for a long leave from work to join Ted in his trip

C．Deanna told people beforehand that she would leave her job

D．Deanna handed in the notice that she were asked to finish before

【小題4】During the trip, Ted and Deanne ___________.

A．found it hard to get up early	B．were attacked by motorcycle gangs
C．never pay for their meals in restaurants	D．got married

NPR has ended its contract with Juan Williams, one of its senior news analysts, after he made comments about Muslims on the Fox News Channel．
NPR said in a statement that it gave Mr． Williams notice of his ending in this organization on Wednesday night．
The move came after Mr． Williams, who is also a Fox News political analyst, appeared on the “The O’Reilly Factor” on Monday． On the show, the host, Bill O’Reilly, asked him to respond to the idea that the United States was facing a “Muslim dilemma（窘境）．”Mr． O’Reilly said, “The cold truth is that in the world today jihad（圣戰(zhàn)）, helped and encouraged by some Muslim nations, is the biggest threat on the planet．”
Mr． Williams said he agreed with Mr． O'Reilly．
He continued: “You know the kind of books I've written about the civil rights movement in this country． But when I get on the plane． I got to tell you, if I see people who are in Muslim clothing and I think, you know, they are identifying themselves first and known as Muslim． I get worried． I get nervous． ”
Mr． Williams also made reference to the Pakistani immigrant who was guilty this month trying to plant a car bomb in Times Square． “He said the war with Muslims, America's war is just beginning, first drop of blood． I don’t think there’s any way to get away from these facts,” Mr． Williams said．
NPR said in its statement that the remarks “were inconsistent with our editorial standards and practices, and weakened his reputation as a news analyst with NPR”
The public radio organization said it thanked him for many years of service． Mr． Williams did
not immediately respond on Wednesday night to an e-mail seeking comment．
Mr． Williams' contributions on Fox raised eyebrows at NPR in the past． In February 2009, NPR said it had asked that he stop being identified on “The O’Reilly Factor” as a “senior correspondent for NPR,” even though that title was accurate．
【小題1】 According to the passage, NPR is probably_      ．

A．a(chǎn) TV station	B．a(chǎn) public radio organization
C．a(chǎn) newspaper	D．a(chǎn) website

【小題2】 NPR has ended its contract with Juan Williams because

A．Juan Williams made comments on the Fox News Channel without NPR's permission

B．NPR was disappointed about Juan Williams’ performance in its programs

C．Juan Williams' remarks about Muslims ruined NPR's reputation

D．Juan Williams' comments and performances didn't agree with NPR's traditions

【小題3】 What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5'?

A．Juan Williams is afraid of taking a plane．

B．It’s very easy to recognize Muslims because their clothes are special．

C．Muslims are sometimes considered dangerous to the safety of the world．

D．Juan Williams looks down upon Muslims．

【小題4】 The best title of the passage is        ．

A．NPR ended its contract with Juan Williams

B．Muslims are the biggest threat to the world

C．Juan Williams, the senior news analyst of NPR

D．Fired from NPR, Juan Williams keeps talking on Fox

A Beautiful Mind
    A mathematician who goes mad is not a subject most directors consider commercially attractive, but then Ran Howard isn’t among most directors. Despite an impressive list of credits, A Beautiful Mind is his most successful work to date, combining a psychological drama with a moving love story to produce a film that is as interesting as it is entertaining.
The Oscar winning Russell Crowe has put himself in line for further honors with his acting John Nash, the Nobel Prize winning mathematician troubled by schizophrenia (精神分裂癥). A Beautiful Mind pictures Nash as an unusual hero，not just because of his academic achievements but also because of the courage he displays while battling his illness．
In 1947, Nash was one of many great young minds at Princeton. “To find a truly original idea is the only way to distinguish myself,” the proud and determined student declared. His exploration of such an idea afforded him little time for the normal socializing. His shyness and straight forward approach brought him few friends.
After finally hitting on a revolutionary new idea, Nash’s career took off and his reputation as secured. He balanced research work with teaching, which is where he met the bright and beautiful student Alicia (played by Jennifer Connelly). Things in his life were going well when his talent for code breaking brought him to the attention of the military that employed him during the early stage of the cold war with Russia. However, the stress of his work made Nash’s illness develop．
Crowe’s performance is perfect. He and Connelly ignite (make something exciting) the film’s passionate love story and Connelly’s wonderful performance makes the audience moved by Alicia, whose courage, strength and faith in her husband are the primary reasons for his recovery.
【小題1】This passage is most probably ________．

A．a(chǎn) book review

B．a(chǎn) movie review

C．a(chǎn) movie poster

D．a(chǎn)n advertisement

【小題2】Which can replace the underlined phrase “hitting on” in the fourth paragraph?

A．coming up with

B．coming on

C．putting on

D．putting up with

【小題3】 The following statements are true EXCEPT that _______．

A．John Nash did not go mad totally

B．Ran Howard is an outstanding director

C．the stress of the academic work caused Nash’s illness

D．Nash’s concentration on his work and his shyness brought him few friends

【小題4】 We can infer from the text that _______．

A．John Nash volunteered to serve in the army in spite of his illness

B．John Nash gave up his career when troubled by schizophrenia

C．Russell Crowe won another Oscar Award after this movie

D．without Alicia, John Nash wouldn’t have recovered from his illness

Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables(變量): language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To deal with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.   
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment lie in the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural differences. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from disappearing.   
The other school suggests that companies must adjust business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia(近視) or even blindness.   
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your rivals, know your audience, and know your customer.   
【小題1】According to the passage, which of the following is true?   

A．Business diversity is not necessary.

B．All international managers can learn culture.

C．Most people do not know foreign culture well.

D．Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.

【小題2】According to the author, the model of Pepsi               .   

A．is different from the model of McDonald’s .

B．reflect the idea that business is business.

C．has converged cultural differences .

D．shows the reverse of globalization .

【小題3】The two schools of thought              .   

A．both think dealing with cultural environment is the most complicated problem in business

B．both admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world.

C．both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries.

D．both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures.

【小題4】This article is supposed to be most useful for those                .   

A．who have connections to more than one type of culture

B．who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity

C．who want to run business in other countries

D．who want to travel abroad

Pop music is the name for different forms of popular, commercial(商業(yè)) music. It had its beginning in the USA and spread throughout the whole world during the 1950s and 1960s. It is widely liked by the young people. The best known early form of pop music was “rock’ n’ roll”; another was “blues”. A more recent development is “folk-rock”. Pop music has taken the place of native music in many parts of the world; it has caused the number of people for jazz to become much smaller than it was in the 1950s and earlier, and it has now begun to rule musical stage productions. It’s a big industry. Much pop music is without artistic value, but the work of some pop singers, e.g. the Beatles, Bob Dylan, the groups like Floyd and Crosby, Stills and Nash, is on a higher musical level. And there is still a great interest in it today. Pop music concerts and festivals are held all over the world.
【小題1】All of the following forms belong to pop music EXCEPT __________________.

A．blues

B．rock’ n ’roll

C．jazz

D．folk-rock

【小題2】According to the article, the number of people for jazz in the 1950s and earlier was ___________ it is today.

A．much greater than

B．much smaller than

C．a(chǎn)s great as

D．a(chǎn)s small as

【小題3】Which of the following is TRUE?

A．No pop music is on a high musical level.

B．Much pop music is very artistic.

C．Pop music is highly artistic.

D．Not all pop music is without artistic value.

【小題4】“It is a big industry” means that _______________.

A．it makes a lot of musical instruments (樂器)

B．it is a big musical and commercial business

C．the pop singers are very hard-working

D．pop music is on a very high musical level