56. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

   A. Codeine: A New Medicine        B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs

   C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case    B. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs

答案：B。本文開篇就道明了主題：巧克力中的某種成分可以治療咳嗽，下文始終圍繞這個(gè)主題來展開說明。

2) 文尾歸納要點(diǎn)，提出建議，以概括主題。即歸納法寫作方式。如：

A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes a man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Man’s games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; none has such varied grace; very few live as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.

3)文中。通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋、支持或發(fā)展。如：

Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand; a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.

4)首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題，作者先提出主題, 結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題，這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式較為多見。但前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù)，后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步引申或發(fā)展的意味。如：

（首段）Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes,“It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career. ”She said…

（尾段）“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.” Shu said.

5) 無主題句，即主題句隱含在全文中，沒有明確的主題句，必須根據(jù)文中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行全面考慮、綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過于寬泛，要恰如其分。如：

Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

Q: What is the main idea of the passage?

A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.   B. Bingham is a diligent student.

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.

D. A good lawyer needs good education.

[分析]此文沒有主題句。全篇共四句，只陳述了四個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)性的事實(shí)。因此就答案本身看個(gè)個(gè)都對(duì)。讀者只能將所有的細(xì)節(jié)（details）綜合起來進(jìn)行邏輯推理，才能構(gòu)成一個(gè)沒有言明的主題思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情況，即作者想告訴我們的是：Joshua Bingham接受過良好的教育，所以答案是C。

除了以上主題句呈現(xiàn)的常見形式外還要注意標(biāo)志詞。文章或段落的主題句常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在一些標(biāo)志性的提示后。如：on the whole, as a result，in short，therefore，thus… I agree with the opinion that…; Given all these points above, I would support the idea that…; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer...

2. 抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想

尋找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在尋找具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。各段落中心句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。在這個(gè)過程中，考生不能只依據(jù)只言片語，或光看文章的某些段落，而應(yīng)觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排；理解文章濃墨重筆寫的“重心”；考慮文章的組織材料及支持性細(xì)節(jié)是服務(wù)于什么的；分析故事的發(fā)展結(jié)局都是圍繞什么內(nèi)容來表達(dá)的；最后用簡(jiǎn)明扼要的文字將文章的中心思想表達(dá)出來。如：

There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by nuclear power.

First, the radioactive material must travel from its place of production to the power station. Although the power stations themselves are strongly built, the containers used for the transport of the materials are not. Normally, only two methods of transport are in use, namely road or rail. Unfortunately, both of these may have an effect on the general public, since they are sure to pass near, or even through, heavily populated areas.

Second, there is the problem of waste. All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is impossible to make these wastes nonradioactive, and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have invented. For example, they may be buried under the ground, or dropped into deserted mines, or sunk in the sea. However, these methods do not solve the problem, since an earthquake could easily break the containers.

Third, there may occur the danger of a leak (泄漏) or an explosion at the power station. As with the other two dangers, this is not very likely, so it does not provide a serious objection to the nuclear program. However, it can happen.

Separately, these three types of dangers are not a great cause for worry. Taken together, though, the probability of disaster is extremely high.

Q: What is the passage about?

A. Uses of nuclear power.                    B. Dangers from nuclear power.

C. Public anger at nuclear power.       D. Accidents caused by nuclear power.

主題分析：第一段There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by nuclear power. 為文章的主題句。接著從三個(gè)方面論述主題：First…，Second…，Third… ，段首第一句分別為各段的主題句，層次分明，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，最后一段進(jìn)一步歸納全文大意：Dangers from nuclear power。故答案為B。

48. What is the text mainly about?

A. The relationship between accents and social classes.

B. The Queen’s Christmas speeches on TV.

C. The changes in a person’s accent.

D. The recent development of the English language.

答案：C。文章第一段就提到自從1952年以來研究者就測(cè)試The Queen’s English的口音變化；接下來文章第二段就說到這種測(cè)試的全面性和客觀性；第三段和第四段舉例說明這種口音變化的特點(diǎn)。由以上不難分析出文章是針對(duì)一個(gè)人的口音在半世紀(jì)前后的變化及分析寫的，所以C最恰當(dāng)。

2. 再看它對(duì)文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何；

3. 要注意題目是過大還是過小；

4. 要避免下列三種錯(cuò)誤：①概括不夠（多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，從而導(dǎo)致范圍太�。�；②過度概括（多表現(xiàn)為人為擴(kuò)大范圍）；③以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代抽象概括的大意。

要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡x好標(biāo)題，還需要了解標(biāo)題的基本擬定方式。一般來說，標(biāo)題的擬定方式是：以話題為核心，將控制性概念的詞按一定的語法濃縮為概括主題句句意或中心思想的詞組。

比如某一文章的中心句子為：Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world.

話題：Coffee

控制性概念：is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world

標(biāo)題：Coffee Around the World

例：2008年高考英語山東卷B篇

Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警報(bào)) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.

Text messages have been popular in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industry’s trade association, CTIA, estimates（估計(jì)） more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.

The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.

“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies,” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said, following approval of the plan.

Participation in the alert system by carriers ?telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received support from the wireless industry.

The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.

There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.

The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”, which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abduction (綁架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.

The service could be in place by 2010.

66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students

B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry

C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters

D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon

答案：D。主旨大意題。第一段開門見山，提出將創(chuàng)建一個(gè)全國(guó)性的短信警報(bào)系統(tǒng)；最后一段重申主題，對(duì)這種新系統(tǒng)的未來進(jìn)行展望。因此最準(zhǔn)確的標(biāo)題是D。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在protecting students；B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在by wireless industry；C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在National Disasters。