42．A．discuss B．talk C．make sure D．see to 【查看更多】

 

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　　We discuss the issue of when to help a patient die．Doctors of our generation are not newcomers to this question．Going back to my internship(實習)days, I can remember many patients in pain, sometimes in coma(昏迷), with late, hopeless cancer．For many of them, we wrote an order for heavy medication－morphine(嗎啡)by the clock．This was not talked about openly and little was written about it．It was essential, not controversial．

　　The best way to bring the problem into focus is to describe two patients whom I cared for．The first, formerly a nurse, had an automobile accident．A few days later her lungs seemed to fill up; her heart developed dangerous rhythm disturbances．So there she was：in coma, on a breathing machine, her heartbeat maintained with an electrical device．One day after rounds, my secretary said the husband and son of the patient wanted to see me．They told me their wife and mother was obviously going to die; she was a nurse and had told her family that she never wanted this kind of terrible death, being maintained by machines．I told them that while I respected their view, there was nothing deadly about her situation．The kidney(腎)failure she had was just the kind for which the artificial kidney was most effective．While possibly a bit reassured, they were disappointed．Here was the head surgeon seemingly determined to keep everybody alive, no matter what．

　　Within a few days the patient's pacemaker(起搏器)could be removed and she awoke from her coma．About six months later, the door of my office opened and in walked a gloriously fit woman．After some cheery words of appreciation, the father and son asked to speak to me alone．As soon as the door closed, both men became quite tearful．All that came out was, "We want you to know how wrong we were．"

　　The second patient was an 85-year-old lady whose hair caught fire while she was smoking．She arrived with a deep burn; I knew it would surely be deadly．As a remarkable coincidence there was a meeting for discussion going on at the time in medical ethics(道德)．The speaker asked me if I had any sort of ethical problem I could bring up for discussion．I described the case and asked the students their opinion．After the discussion, I made a remark that was, when looking back, a serious mistake．I said, "I'll take the word back to the nurses about her and we will talk about it some more before we decide．" The instructor and the students were shocked："You mean this is a real patient?" The teacher of ethics was not accustomed to being challenged by actuality．In any event, I went back and met with the nurses．A day or two later, when she was making no progress and was suffering terribly, we began to back off treatment．Soon she died quietly and not in pain．As a reasonable physician, you had better move ahead and do what you would want done for you．And don't discuss it with the world first．There is a lesson here for everybody．Assisting people to leave this life requires strong judgment and long experience to avoid its misuse．

(1)

In the early days when a patient had got a deadly, hopeless illness, _________．

[　　]

A．

doctors used to ask the patient to go back home and wait for death

B．

doctors would write all their treatment plan on the patient's medical record

C．

doctors would talk about their treatment plan openly

D．

usually doctors would inject more morphine into the patient to end his life

(2)

The first patient's husband and son wanted the doctor _________．

[　　]

A．

to end her life

B．

to save her life

C．

to operate on her at once

D．

to use an artificial kidney

(3)

In the second paragraph, why were they disappointed?

[　　]

A．

Their wife and mother was going to die．

B．

They doctor didn't do as they asked to．

C．

Their wife and mother had to receive a kidney transplant．

D．

The doctor scolded them for their cruelty

(4)

At the meeting, the author discussed with the students _________．

[　　]

A．

how to help patients end their lives

B．

the importance of mercy killing

C．

the relationship between mercy killing and ethics

D．

the case about an old lady

(5)

The author suggested that doctors _________ before they assist a patient in killing himself．

[　　]

A．

discuss it with the others first

B．

make sure there is no other choice left

C．

be required to do so first by the patient

D．

give the patient enough morphine

(6)

Which of the following can best describe the author?

[　　]

A．

Cruel．

B．

Determined．

C．

Experienced．

D．

Considerate．

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Tips on Making a Decision

Decision-making never ends. It is an important part of everyday life, and it is how we choose our path.   1. Sometimes we leave things to luck. Other times we take a more active role. Here are some of the ways we usually make decisions.

◆ Make a list of pros and cons（利與弊）. When you try to make a difficult decision, you can take out a piece of paper, and then list the pros and cons of each choice.   2. 

◆ Ask a friend.  3. While I don’t think this is always true, I can see how friends can point out certain things that we may be unaware of. By getting a choice from a third party who knows us well, we can get good ideas that we didn’t take into consideration before.

◆ 4. Some decisions require that we know more about the subject we are deciding on. Making a choice without first doing some research can turn things into a nightmare（噩夢）, so don’t hurry. Take your time to search Google or Wikipedia or find a forum（論壇）to ask a couple of questions. Be careful and check your sources.

◆ Go to an expert. Seldom are we the most knowledgeable person on a particular subject. Our friends can sometimes be no better.  5. Investing（投資）? Talk to a market analyst. Feeling depressed? Go to see a psychologist. Not sure how to write a book? Discuss tips with other authors.

A．Do your research.

B．Leave our choices to chance.

C．We make decisions in all kinds of ways.

D．These can be important questions to ask.

E.This can help provide a bigger picture of what you are working with.

F.In this case it may be better to get advice from an expert in the field.

G.Some studies have shown that others may know us better than ourselves.

 

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Tips on Making a Decision
Decision-making never ends. It is an important part of everyday life, and it is how we choose our path.   【小題1】 Sometimes we leave things to luck. Other times we take a more active role. Here are some of the ways we usually make decisions.
◆ Make a list of pros and cons（利與弊）. When you try to make a difficult decision, you can take out a piece of paper, and then list the pros and cons of each choice.   【小題2】 
◆ Ask a friend.  【小題3】 While I don’t think this is always true, I can see how friends can point out certain things that we may be unaware of. By getting a choice from a third party who knows us well, we can get good ideas that we didn’t take into consideration before.
◆ 【小題4】 Some decisions require that we know more about the subject we are deciding on. Making a choice without first doing some research can turn things into a nightmare（噩夢）, so don’t hurry. Take your time to search Google or Wikipedia or find a forum（論壇）to ask a couple of questions. Be careful and check your sources.
◆ Go to an expert. Seldom are we the most knowledgeable person on a particular subject. Our friends can sometimes be no better.  【小題5】 Investing（投資）? Talk to a market analyst. Feeling depressed? Go to see a psychologist. Not sure how to write a book? Discuss tips with other authors.

A．Do your research.
B．Leave our choices to chance.
C．We make decisions in all kinds of ways.
D．These can be important questions to ask.
E.This can help provide a bigger picture of what you are working with.
F.In this case it may be better to get advice from an expert in the field.
G.Some studies have shown that others may know us better than ourselves.

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Starting high school is an exciting event.  71    Try these tips to help make the transition to high school go smoothly for you and your teenager.

Talk to your teenager. Find out how your teenager feels about high school. 72  Share some of your own experiences with them, and see if you can get an older cousin or family friend to talk to them, as well.

Orientation（迎新會） is a good thing. 73  The school will also likely have a parents’ night or parents’ orientation before of shortly after the school year begins. Your teenager may discourage you from attending it, but it is important for you to learn what to expect during their high school years. It is also a good opportunity to meet with teachers and other parents.

74 Before school starts, talk with your teenager about what their daily schedule will be like, what classes they will be taking, and how they will manage their time. Discuss any extracurricular(課外的) activities they might like to take part in. It is important for you to know their after-school plans. Then you can set some limits on things including where they are, whom they are with, and how they will be transported.

  75  High school is a time when teenagers ask for their independence. However, it is important that you remind your teenager that you are still the parent. For example, they may want to decide when to do their homework or when to go to bed, and may start spending more time on the computer or phone. While it is OK fir you to loosen up on some things and let them make some of these decisions, make sure your teenager knows the limits.

A．Set a good example.

B．They likely have both fear and anxiety.

C．Don’t forget about after-school activities.

D．Give your teenagers some independence.

E. There you can get some advice from other parents.

F. Make sure your teenager attends it if the high school has one.

G. However, it can also cause some stress and anxiety for both parents and teenagers.

71  ________   72 _________ 73 _________ 74 _________ 75 __________

 

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There is no question that teenagers need rules, which is often not a difficult thing for parents to give. What can be more challenging is giving teenagers their freedom. It can be difficult to draw the line between the two. However, some issues cannot be changed by discussion and require firm rules. For instance, rules should be established concerning driving the family car.

I will admit that I have no problem coming up with rules. To me they make life easier and they leave no room for questioning. What can be more difficult, however, is giving my teens their freedom. I guess there are really two primary reasons for this. One is that I sometimes am afraid to give them freedom. The second is that I’m not always so sure what the freedom should be.

It helps that I have a husband with whom I can discuss these problems. We talk about them, give our thoughts and then we come up with an agreement. Sometimes one of us might be more unwilling but we know that there comes a time when we really do have to learn how to let go of the reins (韁繩) a bit.

If we try to make life have nothing but rules, we are more likely to see our teen’s rebelling (反抗). They need to know that while we do have certain expectations, we also trust them to begin making their own choices and decisions. How else can they do that unless they are given the space and room to do it?

It’s really all about balance and I will be the first to admit that it can be a challenge to carry out. However, it is a necessary part of growing up. Yes, teens definitely need rules but they also need freedom.

1.According to the text, we can infer that the writer________.

A．refuses to give her children freedom

B．finds it difficult to make rules

C．doesn’t have a good relationship with her children

D．has trouble in giving freedom to her children

2.According to the writer, only rules without freedom will make the children _______.

A．strong-willed       B．rebellious         C．weak             D．independent

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A．Rules are difficult to make for parents.

B．Rules and freedom are similarly important.

C．We should give children freedom as much as possible.

D．Rules are more important than freedom.

4.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?

A．Problems.         B．Children.          C．Rules.            D．Reasons.

 

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