2、What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, "I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself." In fact you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?

    Professor Gerald Gullion of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie", such as a woman at a party telling another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liars hopes to profit or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the changes of people’s behavior in a number of small, clearly unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch (癢).

   Another gesture which gives away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man Watching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood, as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.

Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

41. According to the passage, a “white lie” seems to be a lie _______.

   A. that other people have interest in

   B. that other people cannot believe

   C. told in order to avoid offending(冒犯) someone

   D. told in order to take advantage of someone

42. Research suggests that women _______.

A. are better at telling lies than men do

B. generally lie far more than men

C. often make promises they later break

D. lie at parties more often than men do

43. Researchers find that    when a person tells lies．

A. his or her blood pressure increases greatly

B. he or she looks very serious and moves about more

C. he or she tends to make small changes in his behavior

D. he or she uses his unconscious mind

44. One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they lie is that_______

   A.1ying causes a slight increase in blood pressure

   B. the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying

   C. they want to cover their mouths

   D. they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies

45. Which of the following may best betray (出賣) a liar?

   A. The touching of the tip of one’s nose．

   B. The change of one’s behavior.

   C. “The mouth cover” gesture.

   D. The situations in which his lies are told．

1、Each of us fails from time to time. If we are wise, we accept these failures as a  21  part of the learning process. But all too often  22  parents and teachers we disallow this same right to our children.

When I see a child  23   from this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie.

Donnie was my youngest third-grader. His  24   of failure kept him from classroom games that other children enjoyed. He  25   answered questions--- he was afraid he might be wrong. I tried my best to build his  26   . But nothing changed until midterm, when Mary Anne, a student teacher, was assigned to our classroom. She was young and pretty, and she loved children. My pupils, Donnie included, all  27   her very much.

One morning, we were working on maths problems at the chalk-board. Donnie had  28   the problems with pains-taking tidiness. Pleased with his progress, I  29   the children with Mary Anne and went for art materials. When I returned, Donnie was in 30  . He’d missed the third problem.

My student teacher looked at me in despair. Suddenly her face  31   . From the desk we shared, she got a container filled with pencils.

“Look, Donnie,” she said, kneeling beside him and gently  32   the tear-stained(弄臟的) face from his arms. “ I’ve got something to  33   you.” She removed the pencils, one at a time, and placed them on his desk.

“See these   34   , Donnie,” she continued. “ They belong to Mrs. Lindstorm and me. See how the erasers are   35   . That’s because we make mistakes too. But, we erase the mistakes and try again. That’s what you  36   learn to do, too.

She kissed him and stood up. “Here,” she said, “I’ll leave one of these pencils on  37   desk so you’ll remember that everyone makes mistakes,  38   teachers.” Donnie looked up with love in his eyes and a smile.

The   39   became Donnie’s prized possession. That, together with Mary Anne’s frequent encouragement, gradually  40   him that it’s all right to make mistakes--- as long as you erase them and try again.

39、Our teacher won't think ___________of us because of our shortcomings. He says that all of us are good after all.

A. any less               B. highly           C. most       D. any better

38、I wish for a family ____________ my parents are treating me like a friend.

A. why              B. which           C. that        D. where

37、----What do you think of the tourist attraction?

----Nowhere else______________.

A. can enjoy such a scenery           B. can you feel so close to nature.

C. can relax yourself                     D. can you finish it.

36、---____________when has he started boxing?

----2006, I suppose.

A. In                B. Since              C. Before             D. After

35、I'm feeling blue, for they ate all the cake and _________left.

A. none           B. everything      C. everyone        D. no one

34、---Go now?

--- It's too late; tomorrow will be a _________time for you to visit them.

A. better           B. good          C. best          D. more

33、---When shall we have a talk?

--- This Saturday evening, if it ___________you.

A. fits                  B. meets            C. suits                   D. interests