【題目】閱讀下面這首詩(shī),完成題目。

虞美人 〔宋〕蔣捷①

少年聽(tīng)雨歌樓上,紅燭昏羅帳。壯年聽(tīng)雨客舟中,江闊云低斷雁叫西風(fēng)。

而今聽(tīng)雨僧廬下,鬢已星星也。悲歡離合總無(wú)情,一任階前點(diǎn)滴到天明。

注:①蔣捷,字勝欲,生活在宋、元換代之際,一生飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn)亂。宋咸淳十年(1274)進(jìn)士,幾年后宋亡,不仕。

(1)“鬢已星星”運(yùn)用了_________修辭手法。

(2)“一任階前點(diǎn)滴到天明”表現(xiàn)了詞人________的心情。

【答案】 (1)比喻 (2)表現(xiàn)詞人無(wú)可奈何、萬(wàn)念俱灰的絕望心情。

【解析】(1)試題分析:本題問(wèn)的是“鬢已星星”運(yùn)用了什么修辭手法,這是考查修辭技巧,比較簡(jiǎn)單。首先要了解常考的修辭種類,如比喻、比擬、借代、對(duì)偶、夸張等,然后根據(jù)每種修辭的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行判斷!棒W已星星”,意思是“兩鬢已是白發(fā)蒼蒼”,白發(fā)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)如星,句中把“白發(fā)”比喻成“星”,生動(dòng)形象地表現(xiàn)白發(fā)之多,體現(xiàn)出詞人處境之蕭索,心境之凄涼。

(2)試題分析:題干問(wèn)的是“一任階前點(diǎn)滴到天明”表現(xiàn)了詞人什么心情,這是考查詩(shī)歌的情感。首先應(yīng)根據(jù)注釋來(lái)知人論世,“生活在宋、元換代之際,一生飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn)亂。宋咸淳十年(1274)進(jìn)士,幾年后宋亡,不仕”,詞人經(jīng)歷了這一滄桑變故,其國(guó)破之痛、家亡之恨,都會(huì)在作品中表現(xiàn)出來(lái),他用詞作來(lái)抒發(fā)黍離之悲、銅駝荊棘之感,表現(xiàn)悲歡離合的個(gè)人遭遇;然后分析詞作的內(nèi)容,這首詞概括出少年、壯年和晚年的特殊感受,以“聽(tīng)雨”為媒介,將幾十年大跨度的時(shí)間和空間相融合,少年只知追歡逐笑享受陶醉,壯年飄泊孤苦觸景傷懷,老年的寂寞孤獨(dú),一生悲歡離合,盡在雨聲中體現(xiàn)!耙蝗坞A前點(diǎn)滴到天明”,似乎已心如止水,波瀾不起,但徹夜聽(tīng)雨本身,卻表明他并沒(méi)有真正進(jìn)入超脫沉靜的大徹大悟之境,只不過(guò)飽經(jīng)憂患,已具有“欲說(shuō)還休”的情感控制能力,流露出無(wú)可奈何、萬(wàn)念俱灰的絕望心情。

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