Question

【題目】 Research proves that nearly half of the cancers diagnosed(診斷) in the UK each year—over 130,000 in total— are caused by life choices that include smoking, drinking and eating the wrong things.

Tobacco(煙草) is the biggest factor, causing 23% for cases in men and 15.6% in women, says the Cancer Research UK report. Next comes a lack of fresh fruit and vegetables in men’s diets, while for women it is being overweight. Lead author of the report, Professor Max Parkin, said: “Many people believe cancer is related to fate(命運) or ‘in the genes(基因)’, and that it depends on luck whether they get it or not. Looking at all the evidence, it is clear that around 40% of all cancers are caused by things we mostly have the power to change.”

For men, the best advice appears to be: stop smoking, eat more fruit and vegetables and cut down on how much alcohol you drink. For women, again, the best advice is to stop smoking, but also watch your weight.

In total, 14 lifestyle and environmental factors, such as where you live and the job you do, cause 134,000 cancers in the UK each year.

Some risk factors are well founded, such as smoking’s link with lung(肺) cancer. But others are less well realized. For stomach cancer, a fifth of the risk comes from having too much salt in the diet, data suggests. Some cancers, like mouth and throat cancer, are caused almost mainly by lifestyle choices. But others, like gall bladder cancer(膽囊癌), are largely not related to lifestyle.

Public Health Minister, Anne Milton, said: “By making small changes you can cut your risk of serious health problems—giving up smoking, watching you drink, getting more exercise and keeping an eye on your weight.”

【1】The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refer to________.

A.changeB.lifestyleC.cancerD.weight

【2】According to Professor Parkin, he thinks that________.

A.cancers are caused because of genes

B.some cancers may be avoided mainly

C.most cancers are caused for no reason

D.men can keep an eye on their weight to avoid cancers

【3】According to this passage, stomach cancer can be brought on by________.

A.working overtimeB.taking in too much salt

C.lack of exerciseD.smoking too much

【4】Which of the following can be learnt from the passage?

A.Smoking is the only cause of lung cancer.

B.Drinking a small amount of wine is good for health.

C.Some cancers may not be caused by lifestyle choices.

D.About 134,000 people die of cancer in the UK each year.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】B

【4】C

【解析】

短文詳細的講了一些癌癥的起因，并給了一些有益的建議。

【1】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文中Many people believe cancer is related to fate(命運) or ‘in the genes(基因)’, and that it depends on luck whether they get it or not.許多人認為癌癥與命運或“基因”有關(guān)，而這取決于運氣，看他們是否會得它�？芍�這里的it指代的是cancer，故選C。

【2】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Looking at all the evidence, it is clear that around 40% of all cancers are caused by things we mostly have the power to change.看看所有的證據(jù)，很明顯，大約40%的癌癥是由我們有能力改變的事情引起的。也就是說有些癌癥是可以避免的，故選B。

【3】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中For stomach cancer, a fifth of the risk comes from having too much salt in the diet對于胃癌來說，五分之一的風(fēng)險來自于飲食中過多的鹽�？芍�胃癌可能是因為吃太多鹽引起的，故選B。

【4】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中such as smoking’s link with lung(肺) cancer.比如吸煙與肺癌的關(guān)系�？芍�，肺癌是與吸煙有關(guān)系，但不是唯一的原因，所以A選項錯誤；根據(jù)文章的理解及文中are caused by life choices that include smoking, drinking and eating the wrong things.都是由生活中的選擇引起的，包括吸煙、飲酒和飲食不當。并沒有說喝少量的酒對身體有好處，所以排除B選項；根據(jù)文中But others, like gall bladder cancer(膽囊癌), are largely not related to lifestyle.但其他的，如膽囊癌，基本上與生活方式無關(guān)�？芍�C選項是正確的；根據(jù)文中In total, 14 lifestyle and environmental factors, such as where you live and the job you do, cause 134,000 cancers in the UK each year.總共有14種生活方式和環(huán)境因素，比如你住在哪里，你做什么工作，在英國每年導(dǎo)致134000人患癌癥�？芍�D選項錯誤，故選C。