In America, seldom do you go anywhere without hearing a principle called WIN-WIN. It sounds strange to me at first because throughout my childhood, I have always been taught to try everything possible to win an upper-hand, rather than to help other people win. However, as time goes by, I have gradually understood the essence (真諦) of WIN-WIN principle—it is the way of winning on both sides.
When I was little, I used to play Chinese checkers (跳棋) which includes two basic tactics (戰(zhàn)術(shù)): One is to create paths for yourself; the other is to prevent your rival﹙對手﹚ moving. Players may use these two totally different ways in the game, but the key for the player to win is to continuously create paths for him even if his rival may take advantage of it. Finally he can always reach the goal a few steps ahead of the other player.
In the 1990s, a strategy﹙戰(zhàn)略﹚ called WIN-WIN became widespread in the western world. Its aim is to achieve your success while giving other people some advantages, so there is no real loser. One example of using the WIN-WIN principle is the voluntary system in the US. Most Americans support the spirit of voluntary contribution. In the US, schools and children organizations usually encourage and support kids to take part in community activities so that the voluntary spirit can be enrooted in their minds from childhood.
In China, it’s quite usual that some people are too selfish and never take people’s interests into consideration, while someone who really has courage to do something for the public is often called “foolish” or “silly”. Actually helping other people can be of great delight for the helper, for he can also learn something useful for his life such as sympathy, care, devotion, etc. So only if you take other people’s interests into consideration , you can make sure to win what you want.
【小題1】The purpose of the author in writing the passage is _______.
| A．to tell us the cultural differences between China and the US. |
| B．to tell us the different educational systems in the US and China. |
| C．to tell us the importance and meaning of WIN-WIN. |
| D．to show that WIN-WIN is popular in the US and China. |
| A．Criticism（批評）. | B．Encouragement. |
| C．Disagreement. | D．Doubt. |
| A．removed | B．controlled |
| C．planted | D．influenced |
【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】C
解析試題分析：這篇短文講述“雙贏原則”的意義和重要性，作者以自己小時候下跳棋和西方國家注重“雙贏原則”為例告訴我們要懂得幫助別人和注重團隊精神，在幫助別人的過程中自己也獲得快樂。
【小題1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句話However, as time goes by, I have gradually understood the essence (真諦) of WIN-WIN principle—it is the way of winning on both sides.“然而，隨著時間的流逝，我漸漸理解雙贏的真諦，那就是一種雙方都獲勝的方式。”以及下文對于雙贏原則的介紹，可知可知作者寫本文的目的就是在于告訴我們雙贏的意義和重要性。故選C。
【小題2】推理判斷題。縱觀全文，作者介紹“雙贏原則”是是一個積極的態(tài)度以及作者最后一段批判一些中國人愚蠢的行為并表明：Actually helping other people can be of great delight for the helper,“事實上，幫助其他人對于支援者也是一種快樂”，可知作者支持“雙贏原則”。故選B。
【小題3】詞義猜測題。文章第三段最后一句話In the US, schools and children organizations usually encourage and support kids to take part in community activities so that the voluntary spirit can be enrooted in their minds from childhood. “在美國，學(xué)校和孩子們的組織者通常鼓勵和支持孩子們參加團體活動以便這種志愿精神可以植入童年的思想中。”可以推測enrooted的意思是“被植入”，故選C。
考點：教育類短文閱讀。
科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Close contacts between Japan and the rest of the world were created in the twentieth century. In the last forty years, business contacts between Japan and the West have become very important. Many foreign companies now have offices in Japan and Japanese businessmen do business around the world. Differences between Japanese and Western ways of doing business, however, often bewilder foreign businessmen and make doing business in Japan difficult for foreigners.
The American businessman, for example, wants to start talking business immediately. He does not want to wait. The Japanese businessman， on the other hand， likes to arrive at decisions after giving them serious thought. Another thing foreign businessmen have difficulty in understanding is when a Japanese means “Yes” or “No”. This is because of cultural differences between Japanese and Western society(社會)， Which make it difficult for a Japanese to say “No” directly.
In the USA， it is easy to say “No” to something one does not want to do. But in Japan， it is very difficult to say “No”. To refuse an invitation or a request(請求) with “No” is felt to be impolite. It is thought to be selfish and unfriendly. So instead of saying “No” directly， the Japanese have developed many ways to avoid(避免) saying “No”. These can help them avoid hurting other people’s feelings. However， this often makes their ways of doing business rather difficult for foreigners to understand and follow.
【小題1】What often makes foreigners feel difficult to do business in Japan?
| A．Their different ways of doing business. |
| B．Their different lifestyles. |
| C．The fact that the Japanese never say “No”. |
| D．The fact that the Japanese are slow to take action. |
| A．cause foreign businessmen to change their minds. |
| B．give a feeling of surprise to foreign businessmen. |
| C．a(chǎn)ttract foreign businessmen’s attention. |
| D．make foreign businessmen think wrongly. |
| A．American businessmen do things more slowly than Japanese ones. |
| B．American businessmen like to say “Yes” and “No”. |
| C．Americans usually say what they are thinking. |
| D．Americans do not say what they think or feel clearly. |
| A．Japanese businessmen are good at business |
| B．foreign businessmen should try to know Japanese ways of doing business |
| C．foreign businessmen must be more polite |
| D．you must learn from Japanese businessmen if you want to succeed |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：完型填空
Some people have a kind of magic. They will make you comfortable while they are around. You feel at ease while talking to them. How is it done? Here are several skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they'll help people feel relaxed and make friends with them quickly.
First of all, good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy he is, will answer a question. One well-known businesswoman says, "At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning. It's a common question, but it will get things going." From there you can move on to other matters—sometimes to really personal questions. And how he answers will let you know how far you can go.
Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers. This point seems clear, but it isn't. Your questions should have a point and help to tell what kind of person you are talking to. And to find out, you really have to listen carefully and attentively. Real listening at least means some things. First it means not to change the topic of conversation. If someone insists on one topic, it means he's really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to words, but to the voice. If the voice sounds bored, then, it's time for you to change the topic.
Finally, good talkers know well how to deal with the moment of saying good-bye. If you're saying it, you may give him a handshake and say, "I've really enjoyed meeting you." If you want to see that person again, don't keep it a secret. Let people know your thoughts.
【小題1】Asking questions might be a quite good and suitable way ________.
| A．for you to make more and more new friends |
| B．to begin your business talks |
| C．to get things going |
| D．for you to make a deep and lasting impression on others |
| A．a(chǎn)gree with what others say all the time |
| B．listen to his reply attentively |
| C．wait impatiently for his answer |
| D．go on asking him more questions |
| A．a(chǎn)re not good at making any topic interesting |
| B．never talk too much or too little |
| C．a(chǎn)lways speak in a gentle way |
| D．know when they should change the topic of the talk |
| A．you may take him as your lifelong true friend |
| B．it seems necessary for you to let him know it |
| C．it's proper for you to give him a second handshake |
| D．it'll be helpful for you to have further understanding of him |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Helping your children to read and write at home will improve your children’s skills and confidence — it will also make them learn better in the classroom environment.
Reading and writing skills are needed by every child in every subject in every year of their school life and outside school. As parents, you can play an important role in improving your children’s literacy (讀寫能力) by practicing reading, writing, spelling and speaking with them outside school.
By listening, asking questions, giving information, and reading with your children outside school — you can make a difference. Students who improve their reading and writing will increase their vocabulary and their ability to use English correctly.
Here’s some advice on how to help your children to read, write and spell:
● reading aloud each night
● letting children take part in everyday conversations
● listening to your children read
● reading your children’s writing
● using a dictionary
● encouraging your children to talk about funny things
● trying not to ask questions that require “yes” or “no” answers
● Practicing reading and writing by filling in forms, writing letters, sending cards or e-mails.
根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案，并將其標號填入題前括號內(nèi)。
【小題1】 This passage is mainly written for .
| A．children | B．parents |
| C．students | D．teachers |
| A．Reading aloud each night |
| B．Joining an English club |
| C．Practicing children’s speaking |
| D．Using a dictionary |
| A．Five | B．Six |
| C．Seven | D．Eight |
| A．How to teach young children |
| B．How to read and write |
| C．Helping children read and write |
| D．Practicing reading and speaking |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Learners of English, especially self-taught learners may have troubles in understanding speeches by native speakers. The following ways might help improve their listening ability.
First of all, do things step by step. It is not good to listen something beyond your level. Better choose a suitable course and start the first book. Go on to the second book only after you are sure you understand the first one.
Secondly, stick to one course of study. Don’t change books often. Never let your attention be attracted by another course just because it seems to be more “fashionable.”
Thirdly, listen to the English news program over the radio from time to time. Better go through the news stories in the Chinese-language newspaper first. That will make it easy for you to understand the English news on the radio.
Fourthly, if you have time, listen to some interesting stories in some special English programs, such as V.O.A. or other listening materials of the same level as that of your textbook.
【小題1】“ Beyond your level”means something___________________________
| A．easy for you |
| B．too difficult for you |
| C．not too easy and not difficult for you |
| D．just all right for you |
| A．should stick to it |
| B．should begin with the last book |
| C．should take up other courses if they are more fashionable |
| D．shouldn’t do anything else |
| A．a(chǎn) book | B．a(chǎn) magazine |
| C．a(chǎn) textbook | D．a(chǎn) radio program |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Have you ever complained why life is so tiring? Does the sky sometimes seem dark to you? Are your studies sometimes not successful? Well, friend, cheer up and smile all the time．If you see the world with your warm heart, you'll find that the whole world smiles to you．
While in school, sometimes you are tired of your lessons, but have you ever noticed the happy smile on your teacher's face when you did a good job?
One day it is fine．Just before you want to go out, it suddenly starts to rain．Maybe you would feel very sad and start complaining about the weather．But dear friends, why don't you sit down and listen to the free concert that the nature offers you? And with the timely rain, crops in the fields will grow better and better and farmers will have a good harvest．
Although everyone wants to succeed in what he tries to do, sometimes failures can't be avoided．I think failure is not terrible, and the terrible thing is that we are afraid of it and give up hope．When we face failure, we must be confident in ourselves, draw a useful lesson from it and try our best to finish what we have decided to do．As a popular saying goes," Failure is the mother of success．"
Attitude decides everything. With an optimistic attitude life is easy and pleasant. Let's smile to whatever we meet and the whole world will smile to us.
【小題1】People sometimes complain_______
| A．the sky is always dark |
| B．their studies are successful |
| C．they see the world with their heart |
| D．life is tiring |
| A．the students don't like their lessons |
| B．the teachers will be happy if the students do good jobs |
| C．the teachers don't like their teaching |
| D．the teachers are tired of their work |
| A．must be confident in ourselves | B．shouldn't be afraid of it |
| C．shouldn't give up hope | D．a(chǎn)ll of the above |
| A．you want to go out |
| B．you can listen to a concert |
| C．crops in the fields will grow better |
| D．farmers can't have a good harvest． |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
The human brain weighs about 1.4 kilograms, but it can, hold much more information than most computers. However, there is another difference between humans and computers. Computers don't forget information they are given, but humans often do. No one remembers everything, and luckily we don't usually have to. But everyone can improve their memory if they want to. Here are some suggestions.
◆Try to use new information immediately. For example, if you meet someone who says "Hi! I'm Carlos," don't just say "Hello." Repeat the person's name. Say"____"
◆Break a big number into smaller parts. For example, it's hard to memorize (記憶) 109244153. But if you break it into three parts--109/244/153—it becomes easier.
◆Write out what you need to remember over and over again. This will help you keep it in mind longer, especially for memorizing formulas (公式) or facts.
◆Always review information. If you bring what you've learned back to your mind, they become easier to remember. For example, before you go to sleep, it’s a good idea to review the new things you learned that day.
◆Discuss with a friend. It is always easier to remember things through discussions. You can have a discussion about what’s right and what's wrong, and it will lead to the right answer.
◆Never tell yourself that you have a bad memory. You can always do something to help improve your memory. And everyone's memory gets better if they use it often enough.
All of the suggestions are helpful. If you follow them, you are certain to improve your memory.
【小題1】 How many suggestions are mentioned in the passage?
| A．Three. | B．Four. |
| C．Five. | D．Six. |
| A．Hello, Carlos. | B．How do you do? |
| C．Hello, I am Sophia. | D．Glad to meet you! |
| A．To store it in a computer. |
| B．To break it into stunner parts. |
| C．To discuss it with a friend. |
| D．To review it before you sleep. |
| A．Discussing with friends can help you remember things. |
| B．Always reviewing information can help you fall asleep. |
| C．Formulas and facts can help you learn about your brain. |
| D．Human beings can improve their memory by computer. |
| A．You should tell others about your bad memory. |
| B．You should believe in other people all the time. |
| C．You should ask others to improve their memory. |
| D．You should be confident in your memory ability. |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
One morning, Wu Li discovered that her classroom had changed. She found that the desks were no longer in rows(排), but pushed together to make eight bigger desks. She was too excited about it for the first two days and she couldn’t listen to the teachers carefully. But soon she and her classmates got used to this new classroom arrangement (安排). “Now our class is quieter,” said Wu. “What’s more, we can come up with our own ideas and learn more through discussion. It’s a better way to study.”
Li Yu liked it, too. He said, “Group members first discuss, and then show ourselves in front of the whole class. It makes us believe in ourselves.” It was part of a reform (改革) at Li’s school—Baita Secondary School. The school made this reform because they wanted to provide students with easier ways to study and more chances to discuss. “Our school hopes it can improve students’ abilities (能力) to study by themselves and work in groups,” said Zhang Yong, the principal of the school.
However, the reform has demanded (要求) more from teachers. Now they have only about 15 minutes to give the lesson which should be taught in 45 minutes before. It is difficult to teach in such a short time. The teachers have to find better ways to teach more effectively.
“The reform demands more, but I’m sure it is helpful,” added Mr Zhang.
【小題1】After the new classroom arrangement it was easier for Wu Li and her classmates to ______ in class.
| A．discuss with each other | B．sit in the classroom |
| C．push desks together | D．teach a lesson |
| A．noisier classes | B．easier ways | C．more seats | D．fewer chances |
| A．簡單地 | B．明確地 | C．有效地 | D．認真地 |
| A．have to find better ways to teach |
| B．find it easier to teach |
| C．spend 45 minutes explaining to the students |
| D．a(chǎn)re happy to explain for only 15 minutes |
| A．Students’ Friendship | B．Teachers’ Hope |
| C．Discussion in Class | D．New Look in Class |
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