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如圖所示,用長為L的絲線懸掛質(zhì)量為m,帶電量為+q的小球,放入水平向右的勻強(qiáng)電場中,場強(qiáng)大小為E=,今將小球拉至水平方向的A點(diǎn)后,由靜止釋放.                                                                  

(1)求小球落至最低點(diǎn)B處的速度大。                                                                    

(2)若小球落至最低B處時(shí),繩突然斷開,同時(shí)將電場等大反向,求小球在以后的運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中的最小動(dòng)能.                                                                                                                          

                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                     

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傳送帶以恒定速度v=1.2m/s運(yùn)行,傳送帶與水平面的夾角為θ=37°.現(xiàn)將質(zhì)量m=20kg的物品輕放在其底端,經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間物品被送到h=1.8m高的平臺(tái)上,如圖所示.已知物品與傳送帶之間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)μ=0.85,則:(sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8,g=10m/s2)                                                                                                                    

(1)物品從傳送帶底端到平臺(tái)上所用的時(shí)間是多少?                                                   

(2)物塊上升到平臺(tái)過程機(jī)械能增加了多少?                                                             

(3)每送一件物品電動(dòng)機(jī)多消耗的電能是多少?                                                          

                                                                                

                                                                                                                                     

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汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的額定功率為30KW,質(zhì)量為2000kg,當(dāng)汽車在水平路面上行駛時(shí)受到阻力為車重的0.1倍,若汽車從靜止開始保持1m/s2的加速度作勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),則                                                              

(1)汽車在路面上能達(dá)到的最大速度;                                                                        

(2)勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)過程能持續(xù)多長時(shí)間;                                                                 

(3)當(dāng)汽車速度為10m/s時(shí)的加速度.                                                                        

                                                                                                                                     

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水平桌面上水平固定放置一光滑的半圓形擋板BDC,其半徑為R=0.6m.一質(zhì)量m=0.2kg的小物塊受水平拉力F作用從A點(diǎn)由靜止開始向B點(diǎn)作直線運(yùn)動(dòng),當(dāng)進(jìn)入半圓形檔板BDC瞬間,撤去拉力F,小物塊沿?fù)醢謇^續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng),并從C點(diǎn)離開,如圖所示(此圖為俯視圖).已知BC右側(cè)桌面光滑,左側(cè)桌面與小物塊間的動(dòng)摩擦因數(shù)為μ=0.2,A、B間距離為L=1.5m,水平拉力恒為F=1.0N,g=10m/s2.求                                                                                   

(1)小物塊運(yùn)動(dòng)到B點(diǎn)時(shí)的速度大。                                                                        

(2)小物塊運(yùn)動(dòng)到D點(diǎn)時(shí)對檔板的壓力大;                                                             

(3)計(jì)算小物塊離開C點(diǎn)后2s內(nèi)物體克服摩擦力做的功.                                          

                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                     

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下圖為中國月球探測工程的標(biāo)志,測工程的想象標(biāo)志,它以中國書法的筆觸,勾勒出一輪明月和一雙踏在其上的腳印,象征著月球探測的終極夢想.一位勤于思考的同學(xué),為探月宇航員設(shè)計(jì)了如下實(shí)驗(yàn):                    

在距月球表面高h(yuǎn)處以初速度v0水平拋出一個(gè)物體,然后測量該平拋物體的水平位移為x.通過查閱資料知道月球的半徑為R,引力常量為G,若物體只受月球引力的作用,請你求出:                                        

(1)月球的密度ρ;                                                                                                     

(2)環(huán)繞月球表面的宇宙飛船的速率v.                                                                     

                                                                                                                       

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在利用電磁打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器(電磁打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器所用電源頻率為50Hz)“驗(yàn)證機(jī)械能守恒定律”的實(shí)驗(yàn)中:                        

(1)某同學(xué)用如圖甲所示裝置進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),得到如圖乙所示的紙帶,把第一個(gè)點(diǎn)(初速度為零)記作O點(diǎn),測出點(diǎn)O、A間的距離為68.97cm,點(diǎn)A、C間的距離為15.24cm,點(diǎn)C、E間的距離為16.76cm,已知當(dāng)?shù)刂亓铀俣葹?.8m/s2,重錘的質(zhì)量為m=1.0kg,則打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器在打O點(diǎn)到C點(diǎn)的這段時(shí)間內(nèi),重錘動(dòng)能的增加量為          J,重力勢能的減少量為                                                                                                J.

                          

(2)利用這個(gè)裝置也可以測量重錘下落的加速度a=                                        m/s2.         

(3)在實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),重錘減少的重力勢能總大于重錘增加的動(dòng)能,其原因主要是因?yàn)樵谥劐N帶著紙帶下落的過程中存在著阻力的作用,用題目中給出的已知量求出重錘下落過程中受到的平均阻力大小為            N.             

                                                                                                                                     

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為了測定一根輕彈簧壓縮最短時(shí)儲(chǔ)存的彈性勢能大小,可以將彈簧固定在一個(gè)帶光滑凹槽的直軌道的一端,并將軌道固定在水平桌面的邊緣上,如圖所示,用鋼球?qū)椈蓧嚎s至最短,然后突然釋放,鋼球?qū)⒀剀壍里w出桌面,實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí):                                                                                                                                  

(1)需要直接測定的物理量是                                                                                      

(2)計(jì)算彈簧最短時(shí)彈性勢能的關(guān)系式是Ep=                                                 .(用直接測量的量表示)       

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                     

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在上海世博會(huì)上,拉脫維亞館的風(fēng)洞飛行表演,令參觀者大開眼界若風(fēng)洞內(nèi)總的向上的風(fēng)速風(fēng)量保持不變,讓質(zhì)量為m的表演者通過調(diào)整身姿,可改變所受的向上的風(fēng)力大小,以獲得不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)效果,假設(shè)人體受風(fēng)力大小與正對面積成正比,已知水平橫躺時(shí)受風(fēng)力面積最大,且人體站立時(shí)受風(fēng)力面積為水平橫躺時(shí)受風(fēng)力面積的,風(fēng)洞內(nèi)人體可上下移動(dòng)的空間總高度為H.開始時(shí),若人體與豎直方向成一定角度傾斜時(shí),受風(fēng)力有效面積是最大值的一半,恰好可以靜止或勻速漂移;后來,人從最高點(diǎn)A開始,先以向下的最大加速度勻加速下落,經(jīng)過某處B后,再以向上的最大加速度勻減速下落,剛好能在最低點(diǎn)C處減速為零,則有(  )                                                                       

                                                                                                                     

    A.  表演者向上的最大加速度是g

    B.  表演者向下的最大加速度是

    C.  B點(diǎn)的高度是

    D.  由A至C全過程表演者克服風(fēng)力做的功為mgH

                                                                                                                                     

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如圖所示,a、b、c三個(gè)相同的小球,a從光滑斜面頂端由靜止開始自由下滑,同時(shí)b、c從同一高度分別開始自由下落和平拋.下列說法正確的有(     )                                                                             

                                                                                                

    A.  重力做功大小相等

    B.  運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中的重力平均功率相等

    C.  它們的末動(dòng)能相同

    D.  它們落地時(shí)重力的瞬時(shí)功率相等

                                                                                                                                     

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有兩個(gè)質(zhì)量不等的物體A、B,靜止在光滑的水平面上,它們用細(xì)線連著,之間夾著一個(gè)被壓縮的彈簧.當(dāng)燒斷細(xì)線,在彈簧恢復(fù)到原長的過程中(                                                                     )                      

                                                                                      

    A.  彈簧對兩個(gè)物體所做的功大小相等

    B.  彈簧和兩個(gè)小球組成的系統(tǒng)機(jī)械能守恒

    C.  任何時(shí)刻兩個(gè)物體加速度的大小都相等

    D.  任何時(shí)刻兩個(gè)物體速度的大小都相等

                                                                                                                                     

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