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下列各組物理量中,由電場本身性質決定的是(                     )                                   

    A.電場力、電場強度       B. 電場力做的功、電勢能

    C.電場強度、電勢差       D.   電勢差、電勢能

                                                                                                                                     

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關于摩擦起電、接觸起電、感應起電,下列說法錯誤的是(           )                               

    A.  這是起電的三種不同方式

    B.  這三種方式都產(chǎn)生了電荷

    C.  這三種起電方式的實質是一樣的,都是電子在轉移

    D.  這三種方式都符合電荷守恒定律

                                                                                                                                     

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在如圖所示的電路中,已知電源電動勢E=3V,內電阻r=1Ω,電阻R1=2Ω,滑動變阻器R的阻值可連續(xù)增大,問:                                                                                                                               

(1)當R多大時,R消耗的功率最大?最大功率為多少?當R消耗功率最大時電源的效率是多少?        

(2)當R多大時,R1消耗的功率最大?最大功率為多少?                                       

(3)當R為多大時,電源的輸出功率最大?最大為多少?                                        

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                                                 

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如圖所示中E=10V,R1=4Ω,R2=6Ω,C=30μF電池內阻不計,求:                          

(1)閉合開關S,求穩(wěn)定后通過R1的電流;                                                             

(2)然后將開關S斷開,求這以后流過R1的總電量.                                              

                                                                                             

                                                                                                                                 

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有一直流電動機,把它接入0.2V電壓的電路中,電動機不轉,測得電流為0.4A;若把電機接入2.0V電壓的電路中,電動機正常工作,工作電流是1.0A.                                                                                   

求:(1)電動機正常工作時的熱功率為多大?輸出功率為多大?                               

(2)如果在電動機正常工作時,轉子突然被卡住,電動機的發(fā)熱功率是多大?         

                                                                                                                                 

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如圖所示,邊長為l的正方形區(qū)域abcd內存在著勻強電場.質量為m,電荷量為q的帶電粒子以速度v0從a點進入電場,恰好從c點離開電場,離開時速度為v,不計重力,求電場強度.                             

                                                                                                  

                                                                                                                                 

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如圖所示,相距為2d的A和B兩點上固定著等量異種的兩個點電荷,電荷量分別為+Q和﹣Q.在AB連線的中垂線上取一點P,垂足為O,∠PAO=α.                                                                                    

求:(1)P點的場強的大小和方向;                                                                          

(2)α為何值時,P點的場強最大,其最大值是多少?                                             

                                                                                  

                                                                                                                                 

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有一待測的電阻器Rx,其阻值約在40~50Ω之間,實驗室準備用來測量                   

該電阻值的實驗器材有(圖1):                                                                                

電壓表V(量程0~10V,內電阻約20kΩ)                                                                

電流表A1(量程0~500mA,內電阻約20Ω)                                                            

電流表A2(量程0~300mA,內電阻約4Ω)                                                             

滑動變阻器R1(最大阻值為10Ω,額定電流為2A)                                                  

滑動變阻器R2(最大阻值為250Ω,額定電流為0.1A)                                              

直流電源E(電動勢為9V,內電阻約為0.5Ω)                                                          

電鍵及若干導線                                                                                                         

實驗要求電表讀數(shù)從零開始變化,并能多測出幾組電流、電壓值,以便畫出I﹣U圖線.            

a.電流表應選用                                                                                                        .(選填器材代號)

b.滑動變阻器選用                                                                                                     .(選填器材代號)

c.請在方框內畫出實驗電路圖(圖2),并將右圖中器材連成符合要求的電路.        

        

                                                                                                                                 

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如圖1所示的電路來測量電池電動勢和內電阻,根據(jù)測得的數(shù)據(jù)作出了如圖2所示的U﹣I圖線,由圖可知(    )     

                                                        

    A.  電池電動勢的測量值為1.40 V

    B.  電池內阻的測量值為3.50Ω

    C.  外電路發(fā)生短路時的電流為0.40 A

    D.  電壓表的示數(shù)為1.20 V時,電流表的示數(shù)I′=0.20 A

                                                                                                                                 

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如圖所示的分壓器電路,A、B為分壓器的輸出端,若把滑動變阻器的滑動片P置于變阻器中央,下列判斷正確的是(    )                                                                                                                         

                                                                                            

    A.  空載時輸出電壓UAB=

    B.  當接上負載R時,輸出電壓UAB

    C.  負載R越大,UAB越接近

    D.  負載R越小,UAB越接近

                                                                                                                                 

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