16．In 1826，a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business．But he was not a good artist．So he invented a very simple camera．He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard．That was the first photograph．
The next important date in the history of photography was 1837．That year，Daguerre，another Frenchman，took a picture of his studio．He used a new kind of camera and a different process．In his pictures，you could see everything very clearly，even the smallest details．This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype．
Soon，other people began to use Daguerre's process．Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world．People photographed famous buildings，cities and mountains．
In about 1840，the process was improved．Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things．The process was not simple．The photographers had to carry lots of films and processing equipment．But this did not stop the photographers，especially in the United States．After the 1840s，daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities．
Mathew Brady was a well-known American photographer．He took many pictures of famous people．The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality．
Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war．His 1862Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities．They made the war seem more real and more terrible．
In the 1880s，new inventions began to change photography．Photographers could buy films readymade in rolls．So they did not have to make the film themselves．Also，they did not have to process the film immediately．They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment．And finally，the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive．
With the small camera，anyone could be a photographer．People began to use cameras just for fun．They took pictures of their families，friends and favorite places．They called these pictures"snapshot"．
Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s．Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs．These pictures showed true events and people．They were much more real than drawing．
Photography also turned into a form of art by the end of the 10th century．Some photographs were not just copies of the real world．They showed ideas and feelings，like other art forms．
21．The passage is mainly aboutC．
A．the invention of camerasB．how to develop films
C．the development of photography
D．the important dates in the history of photography
22．The first pictures of a war were taken byB．
A．a(chǎn) French photographer in the 1840s
B．a(chǎn)n American photographer in the 1860s
C．a(chǎn) German reporter in the 1880sD．a(chǎn) French artist in the 1890s
23．Photography can also be an art form because artists canD．
A．take anything they likeB．keep a record of real life
C．take photos of the famousD．show ideas and feeling in pictures
24．According to the passage，which of the followings shows the correct order？B
a．Photographs became popular in newspapers．
b．Photographers carried processing equipment while taking pictures．
c．The invention of small handheld cameras made photography easier．
d．Daguerre invented a kind of photograph called daguerreotype．
e．Brady took pictures of famous people．
A．e，a，d，b，c B．d，b，e，c，aC．b，e，c，a，d D．d，c，e，a，b．
分析 26年，一位名叫Niepce的法國人需要工作照片，但他不是一個好的藝術(shù)家，所以他發(fā)明了一個非常簡單的相機，他把它放在他家的窗戶里，給他的花園拍了一張相片，這是第一張相片．攝影術(shù)另一個重要的日期是在1837年，那一年，Daguere，另一個法國人，給他的閱覽室拍了一張相片，他以一種不同的方法使用了一種新的相機，在他的照片中你能非常清楚地看到每樣?xùn)|西，甚至是最小的東西．這種照片被稱為銀版照相法．1840年，攝影術(shù)得到了發(fā)展，攝影師們能給人和動的東西拍照．攝影在19世紀末也變成了一種藝術(shù)．
解答 21．C．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)In 1826，in 1837，In about 1840，在1826年，在1837年，在大約1840年，可知文章介紹了攝像技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷史．故選C．
22．B．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war．His 1862Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities．They made the war seem more real and more terrible可知戰(zhàn)爭的第一張照片是由一個美國攝影師在19世紀60年代拍攝的；故選B．
23．D．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)最后一段Some photographs were not just copies of the real world．They showed ideas and feelings，like other art forms．可知攝影也是一種藝術(shù)形式，因為藝術(shù)家在照片中融入了他們的思想和感情；故選D．
24．B．細節(jié)理解題．通讀全文，可知故事發(fā)展順序為Daguerre發(fā)明了一種叫做達蓋爾銀版照片，拍照時攝影師攜帶處理設(shè)備，布雷迪拍名人的照片，小型手持式照相機的發(fā)明使攝影更容易，照片在報紙上流行起來；故選B．
點評 考察學(xué)生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．
