Question

10．Given that motivation is so central to our lives，what do we truly understand about how it operates and about its role in our lives？The assumption is that it's driven by a positive，external （外部的）reward．Do this，get that．But the story is much more complex．
One of the most striking aspects of motivation is that it often drives us to achievements that are difficult，challenging and even painflil．You may think that you would be happy to spend all your time sitting on a white-sand beach drinking and that as long as you get to fill your days this way，you would be happy forever．But while a few days of enjoyment might be fun from time to time，I can′t imagine that you would be satisfied by spending your days，weeks，months，years and even your life this way．
Research that examines the differences between meaning and happiness finds that the things which give us a sense of meaning don't necessarily make us happy．Moreover，people who report having meaningful lives are often more interested in doing things for others，while those who focus mostly on doing things for themselves report being only superficially happy，in other words，just externally and apparently delighted．The essential quality of"meaning"has to do with having a sense of being involved in something bigger than the self．
We all know people obtain a great sense of meaning even in the most unpleasant of circumstances．Many volunteers spend portions of their lives working in dangerous，war-tom areas，trying to keep disease and death from innocent civilians or teaching orphans to read．Their pain is real； their sense of doing something truly meaningfiil is substantial（豐富的）．They show how our deep-rooted desire to believe that our lives have purpose beyond our lifespan drives us to work extra hard，even to the point of our own personal suffering，in order to gain more meaning．
The point is that these seemingly unusual and irrational （不合理的）motivations get us to do things that are complex，difficult and unpleasant．But they go beyond helping people in need．They motivate us in every aspect of our lives-whether in our personal relationships，in our individual pursuits or in the workplace．

56．Whafs the main idea of the passage？（No more than 10 words）
57．Why is motivation so significant to our life？（No more than 15 words）
58．What is the meaning of the underlined word"superficially"in Paragraph 3？（No more than 1 word）
59．What can volunteers obtain working in dangerous，war-tom areas？（No more than 10 words）
60．Do you agree with the opinion that motivation is driven by a positive，external reward？Why or why not？（No more than 20 words）

Answer 1

分析 本文主要分析動機是如何驅(qū)使我們?nèi)カ@得一些困難的，挑戰(zhàn)的和痛苦的成就．

解答 56．How to truly understand motivation．
解答：根據(jù)第一段第一第一句話Given that motivation is so central to our lives，what do we truly understand about how it operates and about its role in our lives？可知，我們?nèi)绾卫斫鈩訖C．
57．Because it drives us to achievements that are difficult，challenging and even painful．
解答：根據(jù)第二段第一句話One of the most striking aspects of motivation is that it often drives us to achievements that are difficult，challenging and even painflil可知，動機最顯著的一個方面是它驅(qū)使我們?nèi)カ@得困難，具有挑戰(zhàn)和痛苦的成就．
58．Externally/Apparently/Seemingly．
解答：根據(jù)下文in other words，just externally and apparently delighted可知，換句話說，外表上和明顯地高興．
59．They can get a great sense of meaning．
解答：根據(jù)第四段第一句話We all know people obtain a great sense of meaning even in the most unpleasant of circumstances可知，我們都知道人們甚至在最不高興的環(huán)境中獲得很大的價值感．
60．No，I don't．Because motivation is much more complex than that．
解答：根據(jù)最后一段The point is that these seemingly unusual and irrational motivations get us to do things that are complex，difficult and unpleasant可知，動機的驅(qū)使是復雜的．

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