Fish have different personalities which change as they experience life’s highs and lows．a(chǎn)ccording to British biologists．
Researchers identified different“personalities” in their fish by observing the boldness or shyness of individuals，according to The Nature．Like people，some fish are very confident in the face of novelty(新奇事物)or conflict；while others are silent and fear．
The scientists selected particularly bold and shy rainbow trout，and tested whether they changed their outlook depending on what life threw at them．They arranged some fish to fight and others to  watch to  see how both the participants  and  observers  responded to victories  and defeats．Winning or losing a fight，or even watching fellow fish overcome the difficulties influenced the future behavior of the creatures studied in the lab．
The researchers made fish compete with much larger or smaller opponents．to ensure that they would win or lose their fights．These bold fish that won their fights tended to be even bolder when later presented with  a novel food  item；losing their fight caused them to be  much more cautious．
Fish also learn by watching others．Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery object were much more nervous when later given a novelty item for themselves．
Predictably，shy fish that won a fight also gained more confidence，but surprisingly，shy fish that lost their fights also grew bolder when exploring strange new food，Sneddon said，adding that this could be due to what she calls a“desperado effect”(亡命徒效應(yīng))．
The new research suggests that animals can gradually adapt their personalities．The results echo the effects that life experience can have on human．
小題1:What does．the underlined word“creatures’’probably refer to?
A．Fish．B．Participants．C．Observers．D．Researchers．
小題2:The third paragraph of the text is mainly about—————．
A．a(chǎn) conclusion of the research
B．a(chǎn)n explanation of fish characters
C．a(chǎn) statement of the experiment
D．a(chǎn) description of fish fights
小題3:What can we know from the research?
A．Bold losing fish become—e bolder when presented With a novel food item．
B．Losing their fights causes the bold fish to be much more courageous．
C．Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery get less nervous．
D．Shy fish losing fights grow more confident in exploring new food．
小題4:What’s the main idea of the text?’   
A．Fish have stress in the fierce fights．
B．Fish care about winning or losing a fight．
C．Fish have adaptable personalities．
D．Fish can learn a lot by watching others．

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:C

試題分析：文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，魚在生活的起伏的時(shí)候性格是會變化的。文章具體介紹了研究的過程和結(jié)果。
小題1:猜詞題：這篇文章講的是魚的事情，creatures指的是fish。選A
小題2:段落大意題：第三段講的是科學(xué)家選了一些勇敢的或害羞的鱒魚，看看贏和輸對它們有什么影響。選C
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第六段的句子：shy fish that lost their fights also grew bolder when exploring strange new food，可知害羞的魚在輸了比賽后會更加有自信。選D
小題4:主旨題：從文章的第一段的句子：Fish have different personalities which change as they experience life’s highs and lows．可知魚在生活的起伏的時(shí)候性格是會變化的。選C
點(diǎn)評：文章還是有些難度難度的，但只要抓住主旨和文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，就很容易理解。在解答這類問題時(shí)要求學(xué)生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進(jìn)行閱讀，答案在文章中可以直接找到。要注意的往往是主旨題。提高概括能力。
練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Not long ago the movie 2012 came into screen．The people were threatened by those scenes of destroying flood, severe earthquake, terrifying hurricane and constructions representing human civilization being destroyed and even swallowed by disaster．Luckily, they are just the director' s imagination, but the present situation is not heading a positive direction, either．
Take my own experience in Alaska as an example．Once I took a trip to the glacier．Along the way there stood signposts marking the snow lines of different years．They started from the foot of the mountain, but it was at the top that I finally saw melting glaciers（融化的冰川）．My heart ached seeing the beautiful blue ice melting at every second．
Sad but true, they are the effects of global warming and the result of our human impact．Furthermore, each year the rising sea level will kill 56 million people, and that' s about the population of the entire Italy．According to studies, if the temperature keeps on rising like this, by the year 2050, some islands and coastal cities including New York, Shanghai, Tokyo and Sydney will be drowned in water．
Our fortune is in our own hands．It depends on us to shape our future, to reduce future human impact and find ways to form a peaceful relationship with our environment. Therefore, it's time for actions to be taken right now．Contribute a little to energy saving by using more efficient light bulbs and less hot water．Let recycle become our habit by thinking twice before throwing something away．Let us take public transportation as our first choice when going to a certain place．It might cost more time for now, but it' s to the benefit of a permanent future．Take care of every tree and grass around us by watering them or simply just avoid destroying them．
In a word, small drops of water make a big ocean． The earth does not belong to us．On the contrary, we belong to the earth． Please bear in mind that the earth is our home．It is our responsibility to build a brighter and better future of our planet and prevent what happened in the movie 2012 from becoming reality．                
小題1:Why does the author talk about the movie 2012 in the passage ? __________.
A．To give example．B．To lead into the topic．
C．To make prediction．D．To provide the evidence．
小題2:How did the author feel when he took a trip to the glacier? ____________.
A．Worried．B．Puzzled．C．Scared．D．Bored．
小題3:It can be inferred from the third paragraph that          .
A．56 million people in Italy have been killed owing to the rising sea level
B．Some islands and coastal cities will be drowned in water by the year of 2050
C．Human beings will be in danger if we don't take actions to prevent the global warming
D．It is certain that what happened in the movie 2012 will come into reality
小題4:According to the passage, you are advised to         .
A．drive our own private cars instead of taking buses to some place
B．recycle everything that is used
C．go to see the movie 2012 at once
D．work together to take good care of our planet
小題5:What does the author mean by saying "small drops of water make a big ocean"?
A．Think twice before taking action.
B．It's our duty to protect the ocean．
C．Everyone together can make a difference．
D．It's important to save every drop of water．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Four decades ago a group of college students visited the mountains of Borneo to examine moth (蛾) populations. Now a team of British scientists, including a member of the original trip, has returned to the same sites to repeat the survey. They have found that, due to rising temperatures, the insects now live 68 meters higher.
Global warming is forcing tropical (熱帶的) species uphill to escape the rising temperatures at a rate of nearly 2 meters a year, the new study from Borneo suggests.
Since this was the only chance to repeat the original survey, the scientist did everything they could to do it exactly the same way, going at the same time of year, in July and August, using photographs to find the exact original sites of the moth traps.
"While this is the first study of insects, a few other studies of tropical species are starting to appear," said Thomas. "If you look across all those studies, you’ll find the same results, and it’s extremely difficult to think of any other explanation for them."
While some species might survive by finding places on the mountains with temperatures similar to those of their original habitats, others may run out of habitat on the rocky peaks, warns the study.
In a paper in the journal Naturein 2004, Thomas and 13 other experts analyzed the habitats of 1,100 species on five continents, and estimated that on average one quarter were at risk of extinction.
Last year a paper published in the Public Library of Science in the US warned that the risk of extinction in the tropics was becoming more and more serious. The authors, Jana and Steven Vamosi, estimated that 20-45% of tropical species were at risk of extinction.
小題1:If the temperature continues to rise at the same rate for ten years, the insects will live about ______.
A．6.8 meters higherB．19 meters higher
C．34 meters higherD．68 meters higher
小題2:What’s the problem for some species moving up mountains?
A．There’ll be too little space.
B．The temperature will be much too low.
C．They will be at greater risk of extinction.
D．They’ll find it hard to adapt to the environment.
小題3:We can learn from the passage that ______.
A．this survey of moths has been carried out many times
B．some scientists have put forward other explanations for the results
C．scientists tried to repeat the original survey
D．20-45% of tropical species were estimated to be at risk of extinction in 2004
小題4:Which of the following has been mainly discussed in the passage?
A．Climate change forcing moths higher.
B．Protecting moths from extinction.
C．How to research tropical moths.
D．How to study moths living on mountains.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Recently, a student used his Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) to film a female teacher scolding and tearing the work of a classmate. The public discussion that the incident caused started on the Internet. However, when it came to the media’s attention, it quickly became a major topic in the education circles. The reactions so far suggest that the focus of the debate has been on one question: whom to blame?
Teachers who are anxious to defend their professional dignity have tried to put the blame on the students. They mentioned their right to privacy 隱私）and for this reason they requested the Ministry of Education (MOE) to prohibit PDAs in schools. On the other hand, some parents and students have taken a different position. They feel that the teacher is also at fault. Caught up in the war of words between both sides, people are no longer interested in the “truth” of the matter which seems now unimportant. It was left to newspapers to discover the central point of the controversial issue, by stressing the problems that are not always easily noticed in our educational system.
For those responsible for educating the young, this PDA incident conveys the message that “Times have changed”，a reality that must have been felt even more strongly by the female teacher when reflecting on this unpleasant experience. Different times call for different professional approaches in education. The ability to understand the students they are teaching has always been the quality of successful teachers. Despite some factors, the incident shows that the teacher lacks good qualities on her part. Besides, the rules under current system to deal with recalcitrant students need to be improved. Also, it is an example which shows the issue we are familiar with: what to do with new technology? With PDA, the new technology, the interaction (交流）between the teacher and students in classroom has been changed.
小題1:The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to______.
A．improve the teachers’ way of teaching
B．stress the using of PDA in the classroom
C．change the students’ behavior in the classroom
D．discuss the potential problems of educational system
小題2:The underlined word “recalcitrant” in paragraph 3 probably means______?
A．difficult to controlB．interested in nothing
C．unwilling to learnD．ready to obey rules
小題3:The writer’s attitude toward the PDA incident is______.
A．optimisticB．critical
C．uncertainD．a(chǎn)pproval
小題4:What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Whom to blame?
B．The PDA incident
C．Times have changed
D．What to do with new technology?

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are over concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people unfavorably. Adperson’s self concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a deep effect on all areas of their lives. Shy people ,have low self-esteem(自尊), are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance（再保證，放心） that they are doing “the right thing”. Shy people are very sensitive to criticism. It makes them feel inferior(自卑).They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise . A shy person may respond to a praise with a statement like this one:” You’re just saying that to make me feel good .I know it's not true.” It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful. Can shyness be completely got rid of ,or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determination. It is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths, for example, not fair for them to label themselves inferior because they have to be realistic. Living on the impossible leads to absence of inferiority. Each one of us has his or her own characteristics. We are interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves. the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.
小題1:The first paragraph is mainly about ________.
A．the thoughts of shy people
B．the cause of shyness
C．the effect of shyness on people
D．the questions in the minds of shy people
小題2:According to the wirter, self-awareness is _________.
A．harmful to peopleB．a(chǎn) weak point of shy people
C．the cause of unhappinessD．a(chǎn) good characteristic
小題3:What is the shy people's reaction to praise?
A．They are pleased by itB．They feel it is not true
C．They are very sensitive to itD．They feel they are worthy of it
小題4:We can learn from the passage that shyness can _________.
A．help us to live up to our full development
B．enable us to understand ourselves better
C．block our chances for a successful life
D．have nothing to do with lack of self esteem

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



A microscope is a useful instrument for observing small objects. By producing a bigger image, the microscope reveals details that are undetectable to the naked eye(裸眼).
Before using the microscope, please read the instructions below.
CAUTION: Microscopes are both delicate and expensive and must be handled with care.
1. Always carry the microscope with two hands — one supporting the base and the other on the arm.
2. Avoid stretching the wire of the lamp across a walkway.
3. Keep the stage clean and always use a glass slide for specimens(樣本).
4. To avoid crushing the glass slide when focusing, begin with the lens close to the specimen and gradually back off to focus.
5. Keep the microscope covered to prevent the dust while it is being stored.
HOW TO USE THE MICROSCOPE:
1. Plug(接通電源) in the lamp.
2. Place a sample of what you wish to observe on a slide.
3. Adjust the mirror so it reflects light from the room up into the objective lens. When the mirror is correctly adjusted, a complete circle of light iwll appear when you look through the eyepiece.
4. Place your slide with the specimen directly over the center of the glass circle on teh stage. If it is a wet slide, be sure the bottom of the slide is dry.
5. With the LOW POWER objective leans placed over the slide, use the coarse focus knob to lower the lens to the lowest point.
6. Look through the eyepiece with one eye while closing the other eye. Slowly raise the lens until teh focus is relatively clear.
7. Use the fine focus knob to fine -tune(微調(diào))the focus.
8. Without changing the focus knobs, switch to the HIGH POWER objective lens. Once you have switched to HIGH POWER, use only the fine focus knob to make the image sharper.
小題1:Which of the following is the correct way to use a microscope according to the text?
A．Use one hand to carry the microscope
B．Place a sample directly on the clean stage
C．When stored, the microscope should be adjusted.
D．Look through the eyepiece with one eye.
小題2:If you want to observe a thin piece of hair, which of the following should you do first.?
A．Switch to objective lens.B．Adjust the mirror.
C．Look through the eyepiece.D．Place the hair on a glass slide.
小題3:According to the text, you could see a complete circle of light _____.
A．a(chǎn)fter correctly adjusting the mirror
B．while looking at the specimen on a glass slide
C．a(chǎn)fter slowly raising the objective lens
D．before positioning the mirror correctly

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it. Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution.
Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world. Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.
小題1:_______, our world is becoming much smaller.
A．Because of the rise in pollution
B．Thanks to science development
C．Because the earth is being polluted day and night
D．Because the earth is blown away by the wind every year
小題2:Hundreds of years ago, life was __________ it is today. 
A．much easier thanB．a(chǎn)s easy as
C．much harder thanD．a(chǎn)s hard as
小題3: Pollution comes in many ways. We can even hear it. Here “it” means _______.
A．rubbish(垃圾)B．noise pollution
C．a(chǎn)ir pollutionD．water pollution
小題4:Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _______.
A．it makes much noise
B．it makes us angry more easily
C．it makes our rivers and lakes dirty
D．it’s bad for all living things in the world
小題5:Which of the following is NOT true? 
A．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.
B．The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world population does.
C．The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people living on the earth.
D．If people could go to work by bus or bike instead of car or motorbike, it would be helpful in fighting against the problem of SO2.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A child, who has once got interested in a tale, likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to “tell” a story than just “read” it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce his own as an improvement on the printed text, according to his child’s actual situation, so much the better.
There is a charge made against some fairy tales, as they probably harm children by frightening them or leaving them sad feelings. To prove it, an experiment has been done to show that children who have heard terrible fairy stories often feel more uneasy than those who have not. As for fears, there are some cases where children get timid (膽怯的) by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition may weaken the pain of fear.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that the stories are not objectively true, and that those giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets etc. do not really exist, so children should be taught to learn the reality by studying history, instead of being got fond of the strange side in fairy tales. Those, who prefer to create such stories, are so peculiar (奇怪的) that it is hard to argue with them. If their creative exaggeration (夸張) were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend.
Not once is a fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world, but not every child is clever enough to be aware of it. Parents should choose their children’s “bed-time” reading materials with much care. Only the fairy stories containing positive effect will make a clever and caring child with rich imagination.   
小題1:The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ______.
A．repeated without any change
B．treated as no more than a joke
C．made some changes by parents
D．set in the present situation
小題2:According to the passage, when a child hears a terrible fairy story, ______.
A．he will get more interested
B．great fear can take place in him
C．he will like it to be repeated
D．a(chǎn)n experiment is being done
小題3:The word “sound” in Para.3 can be understood as ______.
A．fashionable B．forgettableC．a(chǎn)vailableD．believable
小題4:The author mentions “sticks” and “telephones” to prove that ______.
A．fairy stories are all made up
B．fairy tales lead to misunderstanding
C．children are cheated by old stories
D．there is more concern for children
小題5:One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that ______.
A．they are made up far from the truth
B．they are so full of imagination
C．they are not interesting at all
D．they make history difficult to teach
小題6:It makes sense that parents choose fairy stories with ______ as “bed-time” reading materials..
A．formal printingsB．creative scenesC．positive effectD．terrible characters

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Here in Alaska, the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. However, laws were passed to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur. So the wolf population has greatly increased. Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply.
A wolf naturally lives on animals in the deer family. People there also hunt deer for food. Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the plant life there. When the deer can’t find enough food, they die.
If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer, the deer will disappear some day. And the wolves will, too. So we must change the life cycles there. If we killed more wolves, we would save them from starving. We also save deer and some farm animals.
In another northern state, wolves attack cows and chickens for food. Farmers want the United States government to send a team of scientists to study the problem. They believe it is necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small population.
小題1:In Alaska, laws have been passed to ____.
A．protect people from wolves and deer
B．protect wolves from becoming dangerous
C．protect wolves from dying out
D．keep wolves from killing large numbers of deer
小題2:Why is it that if wolves go on killing a good many deer the wolves will die out?
A．Because wolves will have no deer to kill.
B．Because people will kill them for punishment.
C．Because killing deer is dangerous.
D．Because wolves mainly live on deer.
小題3:In order to protect more deer from being killed, one way is to ____.
A．pass a lawB．keep deer away from wolves
C．kill more wolvesD．serve wolves more food
小題4:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Some wolves in some areas must be killed, which others should be protected.
B．Wolves should be protected, for there’s a small population of it on earth.
C．All wolves should be protected, for they eat deer, cows and chicken.
D．It is necessary for scientists to protect wolves, or the cycle of life will be changed

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案