Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist(微生物學(xué)家), invented “pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go “bad” due to a purely chemical process. But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms(微生物)caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation(發(fā)酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.
The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honour, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows’ milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea(嬰兒腹瀉)and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions, of lives worldwide.
【小題1】Pasteur became ___________ in 1854.
| A．the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille |
| B．the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille |
| C．the general manager of a large beer-making company |
| D．the president of the University of Lille |
| A．growing grain crops | B．making beer and wine |
| C．doing chemical research | D．producing various kinds of yeasts |
| A．wine and beer | B．food and drinks | C．the various yeasts | D．other organisms |
| A．is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food products |
| B．did not bring much profit to the wine makers in Lille |
| C．has done a lot of good to children in the world |
| D．has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world |
| A．a(chǎn) purely chemical process. | B．tiny living organisms(微生物) |
| C．keeping them in airtight containers. | D．the heating process |
【小題1】A
【小題2】B
【小題3】B
【小題4】C
【小題5】B
解析試題分析：文章介紹Louis Pasteur通過實驗證明微小的活的微生物會讓食物變質(zhì)，如果要保鮮食物和飲料可以將它們放在真空的容器中，這項發(fā)現(xiàn)對孩子的健康有很大好處。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第一段的句子：In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille,可知Pasteur在1854年的時候，成為Lille大學(xué)科學(xué)系的主席，選A
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：可知Lille大學(xué)在19世紀(jì)是制作啤酒和烈性酒的中心。Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh.選B
【小題3】猜詞題：從第一段的句子：He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air,可知食物和飲料會被空氣中的微生物弄壞，而它們?nèi)绻旁谡婵盏娜萜髦芯蜁ｕr，they指的是食品和飲料，選B
【小題4】推理題：從文章第二段的句子：The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea(嬰兒腹瀉)and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products.可以推斷出：Pasteur 的發(fā)現(xiàn)對世界上的兒童有很大的好處，選C
【小題5】細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms(微生物)caused food and drinks to go bad.可知微小的活的微生物會讓食物變質(zhì)，選B
考點：考查人物傳記類短文
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
When a rare disease ALD threatened to kill the four-year-old boy Lorenzo, his parents refused to give up hope. Doctors explained that there was no cure for ALD, and that he would probably die within three years. But Lorenzo’s parents set out to prove the doctors wrong.
The parents devoted themselves to keeping their son alive and searching for a cure. But doctors and the families of other ALD patients often refused to take them seriously. They thought the efforts to find a cure were a waste of time, and drug companies weren’t interested in supporting research into such a rare disease.
However, the parents still refused to give up and spent every available hour in medical libraries and talking to anyone who would help. Through trial and error, they finally created a cure from ingredients (調(diào)料) commonly found in the kitchen. The cure, named "Lorenzo’s Oil", saved the boy’s life. Despite the good results, scientists and doctors remained unconvinced. They said there was no real evidence that the oil worked and that the treatment was just a theory. As a result, some families with ALD children were reluctant to try it.
Finally, the boy’s father organized an international study to test the oil. After ten years of trials, the answer is: the oil keeps ALD children healthy.
【小題1】Doctors said that Lorenzo might die within three years because_____ .
| A．they had never treated the disease before |
| B．Lorenzo was too young to be cured |
| C．no cure had been found for ALD |
| D．ALD was a rare disease |
| A．the research for the new cure would cost too much money |
| B．the efforts of Lorenzo’s parents were a waste of time |
| C．Lorenzo’s parents would succeed in finding a cure |
| D．Lorenzo’s oil was a real cure for ALD |
| A．was really effective | B．was a success story |
| C．only worked in theory | D．would save the boy’s life |
| A．doctors remain doubtful of the effectiveness of the cure |
| B．many ALD patients still refuse to use the oil |
| C．various cures have been found for ALD |
| D．the oil really works as a cure for ALD |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Shirley Chisholm was best known as the first black woman elected to the United States Congress and the first black woman to run for president of the United States. However, her life was filled with much more than being the first black woman to do important things. She believed in being a person to fight for change. All her life, she worked to improve the lives of others.
Shirley was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1924. Though her parents had very little money, they wanted their daughters to get a good education and to have a better life. When Shirley was three years old they sent her and her sisters to live with their grandmother in Barbados. There Shirley received a good education from the British school system. She enjoyed the years with her grandmother. Shirley always remembered the words her grandmother spoke.
In 1934 Shirley moved back to Brooklyn. She continued to do very well in school. She later graduated from Brooklyn College with honors.In 1949, she married Conrad Chisholm who worked as a private investigator. Together they took part in local politics. Their marriage ended almost thirty years later.
As a young woman, Shirley decided to become a teacher.She believed she could improve society by helping children.She worked for seven years at a childcare center in the Harlem area of New York City.She attended Columbia University at night and received an advanced degree in early childhood education in 1952. She became known as an expert in children and early education.From 1959 to 1964 Shirley was an education official in the day care division of the city's office of child welfare.
In 1964 Shirley's political career began.She was elected to the New York State Assembly, where she served for four years.In 1968 she ran for the United States Congress and she succeeded. She became the first black woman elected to Congress.
Shirley was very different from other members of Congress.She looked different.Her hair was a big cloud of curls. She wore very large eyeglasses. And she had dark skin. Her voice was strong.She spoke with power.She said her greatest tool was her mouth. She was not afraid to say the things others would not say before Congress and the public.
【小題1】From the passage，we learn that Shirley's parents believed that ________.
| A．women played an important part in modern society |
| B．black people ought to have equal rights as whites |
| C．a(chǎn) good education was important for a child's future |
| D．the UK had a better education system than the USA |
| A．Her father. | B．Her mother. |
| C．Her sisters. | D．Her grandmother. |
| A．e－c－b－d－a | B．c－a－b－d－e |
| C．e－c－a－b－d | D．e－c－b－a－d |
| A．her political career |
| B．her political opinions |
| C．her typical style |
| D．her contribution in politics |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day’s events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper. After all, isn’t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?
When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, well-equipped with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen….
At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.
Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often—only of objects I find really beautiful. I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.
I don’t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I won’t have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I’ll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I don’t live to make memories—I just live, and the memories form themselves.
【小題1】 Before the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of ______.
| A．observing her school routine | B．expressing her satisfaction |
| C．impressing her classmates | D．preserving her history |
| A．A dull night on the journey. |
| B．The beauty of the great valley. |
| C．A striking quotation from a book |
| D．Her concerns for future generations. |
| A．Notes and beautiful pictures. |
| B．Special thoughts and feelings. |
| C．Detailed accounts of daily activities. |
| D．Descriptions of unforgettable events. |
| A．to experience it | B．to live the present in the future |
| C．to make memories | D．to give accurate representations of it |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
I was telling my boy Sonny the story of the hare and the tortoise. At the end I said, “ Son, remember: Be slow and steady, and that will win the race. Don’t you think there’s something to learn from the tortoise?”
Sonny opened his eyes wide, “Do you mean next time when I’m entering for the 60-metre race I should wish that Billy, Tony and Sandy would all fall asleep halfway?”
I was shocked, “But the tortoise didn’t wish that the hare would fall asleep!”
“He must have wished that,” Sonny said, “Otherwise how could he be so foolish as to race with the hare? He knew very well the hare ran a hundred times faster than he himself did.”
“He didn’t have such a wish,” I insisted. “He won the race by perseverance, by pushing on steadily.”
Sonny thought a while. “That’s a lie,” he said. “He won it because he was lucky. If the hare hadn’t happened to fall asleep, the tortoise would never have won the race. He could be as steady as you like, or a hundred times steadier, but he’d never have won the race. That’s for sure.”
I gave up. Today’s children are not like what we used to be. They’re just hopeless.
【小題1】The writer argued with his son because _______.
| A．he liked tortoises while his son liked hares |
| B．they disagreed about whether the tortoise was stupid |
| C．he tried to teach his son the moral lesson of the story but the son refused it |
| D．he liked the story of the hare and the tortoise while his son didn't |
| A．won the race by his own hard working |
| B．took a risk by agreeing to run a race |
| C．was not given a fair chance in the race |
| D．in fact did win the race luckily |
| A．boys who were unknown to Sonny’s father |
| B．boys who Sonny has run races with before |
| C．boys who Sonny has never raced with before |
| D．boys who Sonny did not expect to race with again |
| A．a(chǎn)re cleverer than Sonny’s generation |
| B．have the same ideas about life as Sonny’s generation |
| C．a(chǎn)re more hopeful than Sonny’s generation |
| D．have different ideas about life from Sonny’s generation |
| A．The tortoise | B．Sonny |
| C．The hare | D．Sonny’s father |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
It was 9:00 am already! Richard had to leave for work! Before leaving he hurriedly looked at the newspaper and stood still! Is he seeing it right? He rubbed his eyes and saw again… Yes, it was his name in the obituary(訃告)! He threw the paper in the bin and screamed.
Richard started to recollect. He remembered that last night when he went to bed he had a chest pain and he was rushed to hospital. Then he went into a sound sleep. But what happened after that?
He could suddenly see his living room filled with people… all in tears; his mom, his wife and his children. He also saw his best friend, the one he had a serious misunderstanding a few days back. He wanted to say “Sorry” to him… but now no one could hear his voice.
He wondered how he could tell his mom that he felt so thankful to have her in his life! He wanted to tell his children how much he loved them. He wanted to tell his wife how much he loved her; he felt sorry to have hurt her sometimes.
Richard started crying and pleading to God for one LAST chance! “God, one last chance, please”, shouted Richard and opened his eyes.
Oh, this was a dream!
He woke up; looked around everywhere. He was on his bed; his wife lay beside him, deep in sleep. Richard whispered in her ears, “You are the best thing to have ever happened to me!”
He went up to the window, looking outside. Yes, everything was just the way he has been knowing so long. He decided to meet up his friends and clear all misunderstandings; he also decided to tell everyone who mattered to him all that has remained unsaid so far!
【小題1】When Richard saw his name in the newspaper, he felt _________.
| A．sad | B．shocked | C．regretful | D．worried |
| A．they had a quarrel the other day | B．he misunderstood her |
| C．he hurt her sometimes | D．he didn’t love her |
| A．be on good terms with his friend again |
| B．express appreciation and thanks to his friend |
| C．demand an apology from his friend |
| D．break up with his friend |
| A．misunderstanding between friends is common |
| B．we need to see a doctor when having a chest pain |
| C．getting along well with friends is important |
| D．we should tell our family how much we love them |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Three men were travelling across the desert when their car broke down. There were no other traffics, so their only hope was to walk.
Before they set off, they looked around in the car for useful things to take with them. One of the men took a bottle of whisky. Another took an umbrella. The third unscrewed a door from the car and carried that.
After they had been walking for almost a day, they came across a camel caravan travelling towards them.
“Let’s try to join the caravan,” one of the men said. “It’s going the wrong way but we’ll be safer than if we keep on alone across the desert.”
The other s agreed, so they asked the leader of the caravan for permission to join it.
“You can join the caravan only if you answer three questions,” he said. He pointed to the first man’s bottle. “What is that and why are you carrying it?” he asked.
“It’s a bottle of whisky. I decided to carry it with me so that if I feel miserable and want to give up, I can get drunk, cheer myself up and then keep on walking.”
“Very sensible,” the leader of the caravan said. Then he pointed to the next man and his umbrella.
“It hasn’t rained in the desert for many years,” he said. “Why are you carrying an umbrella?”
“I don’t want to get heat exhaustion,” he replied. “The umbrella will give me shade from the sun.”
“Very sensible,” the leader of the caravan said. He pointed to the third man and his car door. “And why are you carrying a car door?” he asked him.
“I thought that if I got too hot I could open the window and let some air in,” he explained.
【小題1】What happened to the three men’s car?
| A．It fell over a cliff. |
| B．It had an accident. |
| C．It stopped and wouldn’t start again. |
| D．They exchanged it for another one. |
| A．something to eat |
| B．something to drink |
| C．something to keep the rain off |
| D．something to use on their walk |
| A．travel with the caravan |
| B．buy a caravan |
| C．rent the caravan |
| D．put the caravan together |
| A．if they could join the caravan |
| B．how to get out of the desert |
| C．how to avoid heat exhaustion |
| D．where he kept his umbrella |
| A．long-winded | B．clever | C．silly | D．sensible |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
It was my first day of high school, and I was late. My next class, Spanish, scared me. I just could not speak that language. As the bell rang, I ran to the classroom.
At the door, a hand reached out and shook mine firmly. I looked up. A man with large glasses smiled. He introduced himself as Profe, which means teacher in Spanish. Right away, his warm smile and welcoming words eased my fears. That year, I enjoyed his classes a great deal because I learned more than just Spanish.
I admit I only speak a little Spanish. But I try to live out the life lessons I learned from Profe. Every day Profe stood outside his classroom before and after class to give his “hand hug”. After school his room was always filled with students and he would talk to and chat with them--even those not in his class. He taught me that every person is worth your time.
One time, I was rejected(排擠)by my friends, Profe told me, “Linda, life gives you ashes. But learning its lessons will turn those ashes to jewels.” Therefore, I learned to look at my troubles differently and not to fear any difficulty.
In my senior year, I became president of one of the school’s clubs, so I was very busy. Many times I didn’t even have time to buy lunch. He served me by giving me his food as well as advice. He lived out what he taught us to do: serve others.
The author William Arther Ward wrote: “The mediocre(平庸的) teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires.” Thank you , Profe, for inspiring me.
【小題1】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
| A．The writer was on time for his first day of high school. |
| B．The writer didn’t like Profe’s class. |
| C．The writer could speak Spanish fluently. |
| D．The writer learned life truth from Profe’s class. |
| A．He was very stict with his students. |
| B．He only talked with those students in his class. |
| C．He lived out what he taught in class. |
| D．He never inspired his students. |
| A．The writer benefited a lot from Profe’s class. |
| B．The writer was good at spanish in the end. |
| C．Profe treated students differently according to their grades. |
| D．Profe was not a superior teacher. |
| A．Learning Spanish | B．A great teacher |
| C．My first day of high school | D．Teaching method |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Tracy Caulkins is known as the first American to set an American record and win an American title in each of four swimming strokes（泳姿）: breaststroke, butterfly, backstroke, freestyle.
Tracy Caulkins was born in Minnesota and lived in Iowa until she was six. She began swimming when she was eight, after the family had moved to Nashville, Tennessee. While unwilling at first to swim in cold water or get her face wet, she began to train in earnest (認(rèn)真地) as her talent became clear. Though her father worked for the public schools, the family sent her to a private school when the public schools could not accommodate (適應(yīng)) her training schedule.
At age 13, Tracy Caulkins took part in the trials(選拔賽) for the 1976 Olympics, but did not make the team. She continued to win national and international titles, and was disappointed in 1980 when the U.S. didn’t attend the Moscow Olympics. She continued to train and compete.
In 1981, Tracy Caulkins began college, graduating in 1985. In college, she continued competing and training, though she had slowed down from her peak (頂峰) years.
Caulkins trained especially hard for the 1984 Olympics, and not only made the team, but was captain of the swim team and at Los Angeles, won three gold medals and was named Sportswoman of the Year by the U.S. Olympic Committee. After that she retired from swimming, and was a commentator (解說員) for swimming events as well as taking advantage of her fame to do business.
Tracy Caulkins married Australian swimmer, Mark Stockwell, in 1991, their romance having begun at the 1984 Olympics when he jumped into a warm-up pool to introduce himself. They married in Nashville and moved to Australia, where they had three children. Caulkins continued to be professionally involved in sports.
【小題1】Tracy Caulkins was sent to a private school because _____.
| A．the schedule of the public school wasn’t suitable for her |
| B．her parents had to work in the school |
| C．her family had moved to Nashville, Tennessee |
| D．she showed strong interest in swimming |
| A．The 1976 Olympic Games. | B．The 1980 Olympic Games. |
| C．The 1984 Olympic Games. | D．The 1992 Olympic Games. |
| A．d; e; a; b; c | B．d; e; c; b; a | C．d; a; e; c; b | D．d; e; a; c; b |
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