Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir（回憶錄）of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.
Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.
Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.
Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.
Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent spirit in their work.
Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives（目標）that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.
【小題1】Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?
| A．Top managers. | B．Language learners. |
| C．Serious educators. | D．Science organizations. |
| A．a(chǎn)ttracted to teaching | B．tired of teaching |
| C．satisfied with teaching | D．unhappy about teaching |
| A．The University of Chicago. | B．Stanford University. |
| C．Ohio State University. | D．Nebraska University. |
【小題1】C
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
解析試題分析：本文介紹了美國教育界最有名的Ralph W. Tyler的生平事跡。本傳記以時間為序，選取主人公Ralph W. Tyler的一些重要的人生階段或生活片段來展開敘述。閱讀時要把握主人公在此階段發(fā)生的事對他本身或他人有什么重要的意義和影響。
【小題1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir of Ralph W.Tyler,”得知關心學校和大學教育的人會對Tyler的回憶錄感興趣。故選C。
【小題2】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“...Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.”可知他原來的專業(yè)是藥學,在South Dakota 做科學教師時被吸引到教育行業(yè)。故選A。
【小題3】推斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford,a position he held for fourteen years”可以推斷出他在Stanford University領導研究工作長達十年以上。故選B。
考點：傳記類閱讀。
長江作業(yè)本同步練習冊系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Oscar-winning actress Joan Fontaine, who rose to fame during Hollywood's golden age as the star of several Alfred Hitch．cock classics, died from natural causes at her home in Carmel, northern California on December 16, 2013 aged 96, US media reports said．
Born in Japan to British parents, Fontaine moved in 1919 to California, where she and her elder sister －screen idol Olivia de Havilland－were to shape successful movie careers．Fontaine and de Havilland remain the only sisters to have won lead actress honours at the Academy Awards．Yet the two sisters also had an uneasy relationship, with Fontaine recording a bitter competition in her own account "No Bed of Roses "．
Fontaine began her acting career in her late teens with Largely less important roles on the stage and later in mostly B-movies in the 1930s． It was not before famous British film director Hitchcock spotted her a decade later that her career took off．
Greatly surprised by her expressive looks, the suspense (懸念） master cast Fontaine in his first US film, a 1940 adaptation of the Daphne du Maurier novel "Rebecca"． She received an Academy Award nomination（提名） for her performance as a troubled wife． A year later, Fontaine finally won the long-sought golden figure, for her role as leading lady in "Suspicion" opposite Cary Grant, becoming the first and only actress to earn the title for a Hitchock film．
Although her sister, Olivia de Havilland, preceded her in gaining Hollywood fame, Fontaine was the first of the sisters to win an Oscar, beating Olivia's nomination as best actress in Mitchell Leisen's "Hold Back the Dawn"．
The dislike ,between the sisters was felt at the Oscars ceremony．"I froze． I stared across the table, where Olivia was sitting．'Get up there!' she whispered commandingly," Fontaine said．"All the dislike we'd felt toward each other as children…all came rushing back in quickly changing pictures…I felt Olivia would spring across the table and seize me by the hair．"
Olivia did not win her first Oscar until 1946, for her role as the lover of a World War I pilot in Leisen's " To Each His Own"． Fontaine later made it known that her． sister had slighted her as she attempted to offer congratulations．“She took one look at me, ignored my hand, seized her Oscar and wheeled away,” she said．
The sisters were also reportedly competitors in love． Howard Hughes, a strange businessman who dated the elder de Havilland for a time, offered marriage to Fontaine several times．"I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be extremely angry because I beat her to it!" Fontaine once joked．
As her film career fruited in the 1950s, Fontaine turned to television and dinner theatre, and also appeared in several Broadway productions, including the Lion in Winter"． Anything but the ordinary lady, Fontaine was also a licensed pilot, a champion balloonist, an accomplished golfer, a licensed .decoration designer and a first-class cook．
【小題1】When she moved to California, Joan Fontaine was years old．
| A．two | B．twelve | C．twenty | D．twenty -two |
| A．1930s | B．1940s | C．1950s | D．1960s |
| A．Rebecca ' | B．Suspicion |
| C．To Each His Own | D．Hold Back the Dawn |
| A．Olivia preceded Fontaine in getting married． |
| B．Olivia gamed Hollywood fame after Fontaine． |
| C．Fontaine won an Oscar before her sister Olivia, |
| D．Fontaine wanted to meet her death before Olivia． |
| A．competed for an Oscar | B．competed for a husband |
| C．were small children | D．were successful actresses |
| A．disliked by her family | B．a(chǎn)lways a troubled wife |
| C．a(chǎn)ble to do few jobs | D．gifted in many ways |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
My heart sank when the man at the immigration counter gestured to the back room. I was born and raised in America, and this was Miami, where I live, but they weren’t quite ready to let me in yet.
“Please wait in here, Ms. Abujaber,” the immigration officer said. My husband, with his very American last name, accompanied me. He was getting used to this. The same thing had happened recently in Canada when I’d flown to Montreal to speak at a book event. That time they held me for 45 minutes. Today we were returning from a literary festival in Jamaica, and I was shocked that I was being sent “in back” once again.
The officer behind the counter called me up and said, “Miss, your name looks like the name of someone who’s on our wanted list. We’re going to have to check you out with Washington.”
“How long will it take?”
“Hard to say…a few minutes,” he said, “We’ll call you when we’re ready for you.” After an hour, Washington still hadn’t decided anything about me.
“Isn’t this computerized?” I asked at the counter, “Can’t you just look me up?”
“Just a few more minutes,” they assured me.
After an hour and a half, I pulled my cell phone out to call the friends I was supposed to meet that evening. An officer rushed over. “No phones!” he said, “For all we know you could be calling a terrorist cell and giving them information.”
“I’m just a university professor,” I said. My voice came out in a squeak.
“Of course you are. And we take people like you out of here in leg irons every day.”
I put my phone away.
My husband and I were getting hungry and tired. Whole families had been brought into the waiting room, and the place was packed with excitable children, exhausted parents, and even a flight attendant.
I wanted to scream, to jump on a chair and shout: “I’m an American citizen; a novelist; I probably teach English literature to your children.”
After two hours in detention (扣押), I was approached by one of the officers. “You’re free to go,” he said. No explanation or apologies. For a moment, neither of us moved. We were still in shock. Then we leaped to our feet.
“Oh, one more thing,” he handed me a tattered photocopy with an address on it, “If you aren’t happy with your treatment, you can write to this agency.”
“Will they respond?” I asked.
“I don’t know—I don’t know of anyone who’s ever written to them before.” Then he added,” By the way, this will probably keep happening each time you travel internationally.”
“What can I do to keep it from happening again?”
He smiled the empty smile we’d seen all day, “Absolutely nothing.”
After telling several friends about our ordeal, probably the most frequent advice I’ve heard in response is to change my name. Twenty years ago, my own graduate school writing professor advised me to write under a pen name so that publishers wouldn’t stick me in what he called “the ethnic ghetto”—a separate, secondary shelf in the bookstore. But a name is an integral part of anyone’s personal and professional identity—just like the town you’re born in and the place where you’re raised.
Like my father, I’ll keep the name, but my airport experience has given me a whole new perspective on what diversity and tolerance are supposed to mean. I had no idea that being an American would ever be this hard.
【小題1】The author was held at the airport because ______.
| A．she and her husband returned from Jamaica |
| B．her name was similar to a terrorist’s |
| C．she had been held in Montreal |
| D．she had spoken at a book event |
| A．her identity hadn’t been confirmed yet |
| B．she had been held for only one hour and a half |
| C．there were other families in the waiting room |
| D．she couldn’t use her own cell phone |
| A．write to the agency | B．change her name |
| C．a(chǎn)void traveling abroad | D．do nothing |
| A．hatred | B．discrimination |
| C．tolerance | D．diversity |
| A．impatient | B．bitter | C．worried | D．ironic (具有諷刺意味的) |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Over thirty thousand years ago，people from northern Asia （亞洲北部） went to America．Today， we call these people Indians（印第安人）．
The Indians went to America because the weather began to change．Northern Asia became very cold. Everything froze. They had to move or die. How did the first Indians go to America? They walked！
Later Columbus found the New World in 1492．At first，only a few Europeans followed（跟隨）．They travelled to America in boats． For the next three hundred years， about 500，000 people went there． Then the number grew very quickly. From 1815 to 1915，over thirty－two million Europeans left their countries and went to the United States． The biggest groups were from Germany and Italy（意大利）．These Europeans spoke many different languages．Most of them took almost no money．They went to America so that they could find a better life．
【小題1】__________ went to America first．
| A．People from northern Asia | B．People from Europe |
| C．People from Germany | D．Columbus |
| A．northern Asia became very hot |
| B．northern Asia became very cold |
| C．they were interested in America |
| D．they liked travelling |
| A．Italy | B．northern Asia |
| C．Germany | D．America |
| A．by ship | B．by bike | C．by boat | D．by train |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
When Luca first heard of the Island of Inventions, he was still very young. But its wonders sounded so incredible that they were forever burned in his memory. From that moment, he never stopped searching for clues which might lead him to the island. He read hundreds of adventure books, histories, volumes of physics and chemistry, even music.
Over time, he pieced together his idea of what the Island of Inventions was like. It was a secret place, where all the great wise men of the world would meet to learn and invent together. Access to the island was totally restricted. To join, you had to have created some great invention for humanity. Only then could you receive the special invitation — which came with directions to the island.
So Luca spent his youth studying and inventing. Every new idea he got, he made it into an invention, and if there were something he didn't understand, he’d seek others to help him. Soon he met other young inventors and he told them about the Island of Inventions. They too dreamed of one day receiving an invitation letter.
As years passed, the disappointment of not receiving their invitation made Luca and his friends work harder and co-operate more. They would meet in Luca's house, share their ideas and build new machines. Their inventions became known throughout the world, and improved the lives of millions.
But still, no invitation came.
They didn’t lose heart. They continued learning and inventing every day, trying to come up with more and better ideas. Fresh young talent joined their group, as more inventors dreamed of getting to the island.
One day many years later, Luca, already very old, was speaking with a brilliant young man named Roberts, who had written to him, asking him to join the group. Luca started telling the man of the wonderful Island of Inventions, and of how he was sure that some day they would receive an invitation. Surprised, the young inventor interrupted: “You mean this place isn’t the Island of Inventions? Isn't the letter you sent me the real invitation?”
It was only then that Luca realised that his dream had become true in his very own house. No island could exist which would be better than where he was now. No place of invention would be better than what he and his friends had created. Luca felt happy to know that he had always been on the island, and that his life of invention and study had been a truly happy one.
【小題1】Why did Luca and his colleagues probably never receive an invitation to the island?
| A．Their ideas were not considered worthy enough. |
| B．They were too concerned with acquiring fame. |
| C．The organization had already broken up. |
| D．The island was not a real place. |
| A．The island of inventions did not exist. |
| B．He had wasted most of his life. |
| C．He had unknowingly built his own dreamland. |
| D．He finally would receive his invitation. |
| A．Aggressive. | B．Trusting. | C．Creative. | D．Easy-going. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because antislavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial，at least today，of Twain’s novels，Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twain’s most widely read tale.Once upon a time，people hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel“trash and suitable only for the slums(貧民窟)．”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurrences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)
But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly antislavery.Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J．Chadwick has pointed out，the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities，“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim，the father and the man.”
There is much more.Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South，switched him for the master’s baby by his wife.The slave’s lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slaveholding class.The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss：nurture (養(yǎng)育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech，for example—were，to Twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain’s racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自傳) about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youth—mostly with white men performing in blackface—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist? Asking the questioning the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free him.And Twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
【小題1】How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?
| A．Twain was more willing to deal with racism. |
| B．Twain’s attack on racism was much less open. |
| C．Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots. |
| D．Twain was openly concerned with racism. |
| A．target readers at the bottom |
| B．a(chǎn)ntislavery attitude |
| C．rather impolite language |
| D．frequent use of“nigger” |
| A．Jim’s search for his family was described in detail. |
| B．The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels. |
| C．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture. |
| D．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent. |
| A．slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters |
| B．slaves’ babies could pick up slaveholders’ way of speaking |
| C．blacks’social position was shaped by how they were brought up |
| D．blacks were born with certain features of prejudice |
| A．The attacks. |
| B．Slavery and prejudice. |
| C．White men. |
| D．The shows. |
| A．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism. |
| B．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln. |
| C．Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds. |
| D．Twain’s works should be read from a historical point of view. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Nick Petrels is a doctor in Montreal. He works 60 hours a week. He takes care of 159 patients a week in the hospital and at his office. He’s been a doctor for ten years.
Dr. Petrels gives his patients good medical advice. But he doesn’t just tell his patients what to do. He also sings to them on television! Dr. Petrels has his own TV show. The show is in Italian, English and French. The doctor starts the show with a song and then gives medical advice. He explains a medical problem or disease in simple language. After that, he sings another song.
Dr. Petrels produces and performs in his own show every week. The program is very popular with his patients and with people who enjoy his singing. His dream is to perform in Las Vegas. His favorite songs are love songs, and he has a compact disk of love songs that he wrote. Dr. Petrels says, “I always loved to sing. All my problems are gone when I sing.” But when Dr. Petrels was young, his father didn’t want him to be a singer, so he went to medical school.
Some people tell Dr. Petrels he can help people more as a doctor. But Dr. Petrels says he helps people when he sings, too. “I like to make people smile. Sometimes it’s difficult to make a sick person smile. Medicine and pleasure both try to do the same thing. They try to make people feel good.”
【小題1】Dr. Petrels works 60 hours a week, because he _______.
| A．gives his patients medical advice |
| B．takes care of 159 patients a week |
| C．sings on television |
| D．has his own TV show |
| A．a(chǎn)lso sings to his patients on TV |
| B．a(chǎn)lways loves to sing |
| C．is popular with his patients |
| D．has been a doctor for ten years |
| A．sings and gives medical advice |
| B．sings about different diseases |
| C．starts to explain diseases with a song |
| D．sings love songs he wrote |
| A．help people sing | B．make people feel better |
| C．do the same thing | D．make difficult people smile |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
(2013·高考廣東卷，C)One day，when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office.It was David.He kept walking up and down restlessly，his face pale，and his hands shaking slightly.His head teacher had referred him to me.“This boy has lost his family，”he wrote.“He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others，and I’m very worried about him.Can you help？”
I looked at David and showed him to a chair.How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer to，and which no words can describe.Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.
The first two times we met，David didn’t say a word.He sat there，only looking up to look at the children’s drawings on the wall behind me.I suggested we play a game of chess.He nodded.After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon—in complete silence and without looking at me.It’s not easy to cheat in chess，but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.
Usually，he arrived earlier than agreed，took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down.It seemed as if he enjoyed my company.But why did he never look at me?
“Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，”I thought.“Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later，when we were playing chess，he looked up at me suddenly.
“It’s your turn，”he said.
After that day，David started talking.He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club.He wrote to me a few times，about his biking with some friends，and about his plan to get into university.Now he had really started to live his own life.
Maybe I gave David something.But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to another person.All it takes is a hug，a shoulder to cry on，a friendly touch，and an ear that listens.
【小題1】When he first met the author，David________.
| A．felt a little excited |
| B．walked energetically |
| C．looked a little nervous |
| D．showed up with his teacher |
| A．was ready to listen to David |
| B．was skeptical about psychology |
| C．was able to describe David’s problem |
| D．was sure of handling David’s problem |
| A．wanted to ask the author for advice |
| B．needed to share sorrow with the author |
| C．liked the children’s drawings in the office |
| D．beat the author many times in the chess game |
| A．He recovered after months of treatment. |
| B．He liked biking before he lost his family. |
| C．He went into university soon after starting to talk. |
| D．He got friends in school before he met the author. |
| A．His teacher’s help. |
| B．The author’s friendship. |
| C．His exchange of letters with the author. |
| D．The author’s silent communication with him. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Not too long ago, our teacher, being a “tree-hugger”(as the kids call her), had us write an essay on an environmental issue. I was eager to start, but something made me stop.
“What is an environmental issue?” one kid asked. “What if we don’t care about the environment?” another complained. “It’s not like it affects me.”
These comments astounded me. I have always cared about the environment and assumed that others did too. From the surprised look on my teacher’s face, I could tell she felt the same way.
In no time, I finished my essay. In my essay I wrote about logging(伐木), which is an important industry, but if we continue to cut down trees without replacing, it will damage the environment.
There are so many things that we can do to save our world. Recycling, of course, is always a good thing, but not everyone has a recycling plant nearby (I don’t). There are other ways to help the environment. Plant a tree. Don’t waste water.
I can’t stand it when a person’s excuse for not caring is “Nothing is going to happen in my lifetime, so why should I care?” Sure, the chances of something terrible happening are slim, but I want people to realize that if we don’t deal with it, someone will have to eventually. Do you want that to be your children? Or your children’s children?
When my teacher told me to read my essay to my class, I was a little embarrassed because I didn’t want everyone to call me “tree-hugger”. I realize now that if being a tree-hugger means you care about the environment, I’m a tree-hugger 100 percent. I just wish more people were.
【小題1】Why do the students call their teacher “tree-hugger”?
| A．She likes hugging trees. |
| B．She knows a lot about trees. |
| C．She grew up in the countryside. |
| D．She cares a lot about the environment. |
| A．to ask some questions |
| B．because of other kids’ comments |
| C．to listen to the teacher’s instructions |
| D．because he had no idea about the topic |
| A．helped | B．changed | C．shocked | D．interested |
| A．what we can recycle |
| B．how we can save the earth |
| C．why we should protect the earth |
| D．what damage we are doing to the earth |
| A．the students don’t like the teacher |
| B．the teacher liked the author’s essay |
| C．the author is ashamed of being a tree-hugger |
| D．the author should have written a better essay |
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