20．Robot Surgeon（外科醫(yī)生） Succeeds without Help from Human Doctors
Humans make mistakes．Even surgeons with years of experience are not infallible．But what if these doctors could pool their knowledge and experience together and create a surgical standard of care，to be carried out by machines？
That's the idea behind surgical robots，which may soon perform most surgeries，from sewing up tiny wounds to performing heart procedures．Many of these operations are，in fact，already completed with the assistance of robots．But a recent test suggests that robots in the operating room may soon go a step further，performing on soft tissue completely on their own，from start to finish．
The Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot（STAR），successfully completed surgeries on pigs．"We're the first group to develop autonomous robotic surgery with soft-tissue surgery，and when compared to standard operation，it's better，"says Peter Kim，professor of surgery．"The idea is not to replace surgeons； it will make the surgeons better and make the procedures safer．"
A recent Mayo Clinic study found that major surgical errors-including operating on the wrong site or side of the body，or even leaving tools or objects inside the patient-occur every one out of 22，000procedures．That's rare，but robots like STAR would aim to lower the number even further．
In the da Vinci surgical system，surgeons place their arms inside instruments and use their hands to control the movement of robotic tools on the operating table from afar．The robot's every major move is controlled by surgeons，and thus its results may vary based on the surgeon's training or experience．
STAR，on the other hand，is entirely autonomous．It's not only able to work on its own and perform surgeries with a more flexible"hand"，but it's able to react to the unexpected incidents．Cutting into hard tissue like bones is one thing，but operating on moving soft tissue is far more complex．STAR reacts to a changing environment，similar to how self-driving cars are programmed to not only drive on the highway，but also react to another driver making a mistake and getting in your way．

63．The underlined word"infallible"in Paragraph 1probably meansA．
A．a(chǎn)lways right
B．really creative
C．rather responsible
D．quite smart
64．We can learn from the passage that STARB．
A．has been widely used in the operating room
B．can perform the operation on its own
C．can make surgeries much faster
D．will take the place of surgeons
65．In the da Vinci surgical system，B．
A．robots are trained from afar
B．surgery results depend on surgeons
C．robots always make mistakes
D．surgeons have trouble controlling robots
66．In the last paragraph，the author mentions self-driving cars in order to showC．
A．how bad getting in another driver's way might be
B．how difficult self-driving on the highway is
C．how smart an autonomous robot can be
D．how dangerous operating on people is．

分析 短文主要描述了智能組織自動(dòng)機(jī)器人的發(fā)明能幫助外科醫(yī)生進(jìn)行手術(shù)，展示了現(xiàn)代機(jī)器人的有效性和實(shí)用性．

解答 63．A，詞義猜測題，根據(jù)前面提到的Humans make mistakes"人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤"，可以推測即使有著多年經(jīng)驗(yàn)的外科醫(yī)生也不總是對的，故答案為A．
64．B，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子But a recent test suggests that robots in the operating room may soon go a step further，performing on soft tissue completely on their own，from start to finish．可知，STAR會(huì)自己進(jìn)行手術(shù)，故答案為B．
65．B，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子The robot's every major move is controlled by surgeons，and thus its results may vary based on the surgeon's training or experience．可知，達(dá)芬奇手術(shù)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)果完全取決于外科醫(yī)生的水平，故答案為B．
66．C，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)句子STAR reacts to a changing environment，similar to how self-driving cars are programmed to not only drive on the highway，but also react to another driver making a mistake and getting in your way．可知，自動(dòng)駕駛汽車不僅能在高速公路行走，還能根據(jù)不同的情境做出反應(yīng)，作者提及自動(dòng)駕駛汽車為了說明現(xiàn)在的自動(dòng)機(jī)器人是如何聰明，故答案為C．

點(diǎn)評 解答任務(wù)型閱讀理解題，首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意．因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料．其次，細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破．掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息．最后，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對性．對于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)．

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B. London police cause widespread anger.

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