China needs to set absolute restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions(釋放) if it is to fulfill its aim to set up a carbon market over the next five years, a cabinet office think tank said in a paper.
“It is only under an absolute emissions cap that carbon emission permits will become a scarce resource and possess the qualities of a commodity,” the State Council?s Development and Research Center said in a paper in Seeking Truth, a magazine published by the ruling party.
China has traditionally baulked(猶豫) at the idea of emissions caps either on a regional basis or for industrial sectors, invoking a key Kyoto protocol principle that puts most of the burden of cutting green-house gases on developed countries.
China, the world ‘s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, has also been under external pressure to make stronger commitments in the battle against global warming .The country has been the biggest beneficiary(受益人) of the Clean Development Mechanism, a UN-backed scheme that allows industrialized countries to meet their CO2 reduction targets by purchasing certified emission reductions or CERs from low-carbon projects launched in developing nations.
However, the European Union, the biggest buyer of CERs, has said it will not accept CERs generated by Chinese projects once the first phase of its Emissions Trading Scheme ends in 2012, though projects already registered will remain valid.
小題1: What does China hope to do in the next five years?
A．to cut its emissions by 45%
B．to set up a carbon market
C．to have lower emissions than other countries
D．to increase both emissions and production
小題2: China agreeing to limit emissions now because______
A．they care about the environment
B．emissions harm people’s health
C．of pressure from other countries
D．they want more profit for their factories
小題3:How does the CER scheme work?
A．Countries can buy the right to produce as much carbon emissions as they like.
B．All countries are required to set a carbon emissions cap and can then get certificates on how developed their environmental programme is.
C．Developed countries are allowed to produce more emissions than industrial countries.
D．Developed countries can buy the right to produce more carbon emissions from developing countries that produce less.
小題4: What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Air pollution is still increasing the problem of climate change all over the world.
B．China is still resisting cutting emissions as it is necessary for the manufacturing industry.
C．China believes that it is free from meeting international standards on emissions.
D．China will need to cut its emissions in the near future in order to keep up with the international community

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:D

試題分析：文章主要介紹了中國作為一個發(fā)展中國家以及全球最大的二氧化碳排放國，在全球變暖的背景下面臨的嚴(yán)峻問題。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)if it is to fulfill its aim to set up a carbon market over the next five years，可知中國期待五年內(nèi)建立碳市場，所以選B
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段China, the world ‘s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, has also been under external pressure to make stronger commitments in the battle against global warming，可知中國決定采取措施降低碳排放是由于外界壓力，所以選C
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段的allows industrialized countries to meet their CO2 reduction targets by purchasing certified emission reductions or CERs from low-carbon projects，可知CER指的是碳排放的購買，所以選D
小題4:主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主要內(nèi)容，中國在不久的將來就要嚴(yán)格制定減輕碳排放的計劃，以適應(yīng)國際需求。所以選D
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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According to Edward Cook , a weather expert at Columbia University in New York., the complex nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. In addition, climate records for the area are too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of researchers spent more than fifteen years traveling across Asia, looking for trees old enough to provide long-term records. They measured the rings, or circles, inside thousands of ancient trees in more than 300 places.
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B．they are formed under complex climate systems.
C．they influence many nations.
D．there is heavy rainfall in Asia.
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A．Long and detailed climate records can offer useful information for monsoon research.
B．The Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas has a monsoon record for about 1,300 years.
C．The trees affected by monsoon grow fast if the monsoon is weak.
D．The rainfall might be low although the monsoon is strong in monsoon-affected areas.
小題4:According to Professor Cook, the rings of the trees _______.
A．determine the regional climate.
B．have a great influence on the regional climate.
C．offer people information about the regional climate.
D．reflect all kinds of regional climate information.
小題5:Which of the following best describes the tone of this passage?
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On the NAEP, math scores were the highest among students who have limited use of calculators(計算器) during math lessons, compared with students who have unlimited use or no use. Reading scores were the highest among students who said they read for fun on their own time almost every day.
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A．do better in math than in reading
B．work harder at reading than at math
C．prefer to learn math in their spare time
D．a(chǎn)re more interested in reading than before
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A．238B．240C．213D．220
小題3:We can learn from the third paragraph that ______________.
A．eighth graders all took part in the test in 2007
B．reading scores have not improved much since 2007
C．eighth graders got higher scores than fifth graders
D．fourth graders’ scores are becoming lower and lower
小題4: What can we learn from the passage?
A．The first reading test was given in 1990.
B．Eighth graders’ average math score was 285 in 2009
C．Eighth graders got the same average as fourth graders in the reading this year
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Plants are flowering faster than scientists predict in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
“Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns.” scientists say.
Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
“Predicting species’ reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,” said the researchers of several U.S. Universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Across all species, the experiments underestimated the speed of the advance—for both leafing and flowering—that results from temperature increases,” the study said.
“The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change,” it said.
Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis (光合作用) to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8 ℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2 ℃ every ten years since 1979.
So far, efforts to cut emissions of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 ℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.
小題1:What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?
A．The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’ expectation.
B．Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
C．Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystem.
D．Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
小題2:We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that _____.    
A．scientists should improve the design of the experiments
B．plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing
C．there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents
D．the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
小題3:Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because _____.     
A．they can prove the climate change clearly
B．they are very important in the food chains
C．they play a leading role in reducing global warming
D．they are growing and flowering much faster than before
小題4:What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?    
A．It has risen nearly 0.2 ℃ since 1979.
B．It is 0.8 ℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1990.
C．It needs to be controlled within 2 ℃ in this century.
D．Its change will lead to weather extremes.

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