Question

【題目】 Everyone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two periods—clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the important organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism (有機體) can still be revived. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of important cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable.

Scientists have been seeking a way to lengthen the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic (麻醉的) sleep. By slowing down the body’s metabolism (新陳代謝), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.

To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery (動脈). The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Keta’s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自發(fā)的) breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器) and ran with it around the room. It showed that Keta had nothing different from any other healthy animal.

【1】For a person who suffers from the clinical death, _________.

A.he can’t avoid final death

B.he is still very much alive

C.his most important organs are damaged

D.he still has the possibility of getting back to life

【2】Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to ________.

A.cool the organism

B.slow down the body’s metabolism

C.delay the coming of biological death

D.bring important cells and tissues back to active life

【3】How did the scientists put Keta into clinical death?

A.By surrounding her body with ice-bags and draining her blood.

B.By lowing her blood pressure and stopping her heart from beating.

C.By putting her to sleep, lowering her temperature and draining her blood.

D.By draining her blood, lowering her blood pressure and stopping her breathing.

【4】Which of the following indicates that Keta is a healthy animal after the experiment?

A.Her heart beat again.

B.She seized the syringe and ran away with it.

C.She regained her normal breath.

D.She opened her eyes and lifted her head.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】C

【4】B

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹科學家們用冷卻結(jié)合麻醉睡眠的方法降低身體的新陳代謝，從而延長臨床死亡的時間。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。由第一段第三句“Clinical death occurs when the important organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. ”和第四句“The organism (有機體) can still be revived.”可知，當重要器官，比如心臟或者肺，已經(jīng)停止運行，但是沒有遭受過長期的傷害，這個時候臨床死亡發(fā)生。有機體仍然是能夠被復活的。由此可見，臨床死亡的人是有可能復活的。結(jié)合選項可知，選項D正確。

【2】細節(jié)理解題。由第二段的最后一句“By slowing down the body’s metabolism (新陳代謝), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.”可知，通過放慢身體新陳代謝，冷卻可以延長通向生物死亡的過程。由此可知，科學家們努力讓臨床死亡時間變的更長是為了延長生物死亡的到來。結(jié)合選項，選項C正確。

【3】細節(jié)理解題。由第三段的第二句“The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. ”，第三句“Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. ”和第四句“When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery (動脈).”可知，科學家們用麻醉使Keta進入睡眠狀態(tài)，然后他們用冰袋環(huán)繞她的身體，并開始檢測她的體溫，當體溫已經(jīng)下降到28度，科學家們開始從一根動脈放血。由此可知，科學家們通過麻醉睡眠，降低體溫以及動脈放血的方式使得Keta進入臨床死亡。結(jié)合選項可知，選項C正確。

【4】細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器) and ran with it around the room. ”和最后一句“It showed that Keta had nothing different from any other healthy animal.”可知，6個小時之后，當科學家們努力給她一次盤尼西林注射的時候，Keta抓住注射器并且拿著它在整個房間跑，這顯示了Keta和任何其他健康的動物沒有什么區(qū)別了。由此可知，Keta抓住注射器并且拿著它到處跑，暗示了她是健康的。結(jié)合選項可知，選項B正確。