7.A castle is a type of fortified(加固的)structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages.This is different from a palace,which is no fortified-though there are many similarities among these types of construction.Usage of the term has varied over time and has been applied to diverse structures.
The European castles originated in the 9th and 10th centuries,resulting in its land divided among nobles.These nobles built castles to control the area surrounding them,and they were both offensive and defensive structures.Although army uses are often emphasized in castle studies,the structures also served as centres of administration and symbols of power.Urban castles were used to control the local people and important travel routes,and rural castles were often built near farmland.
Many castles were originally built from earth and wood,but had their defences supplanted later by stone.In the late 12th and early 13th centuries scientific approaches to castle defence appeared,and could function to maximize the castle's firepower.These changes in defence came from a mixture of castle technology.Although gunpowder was introduced to be built well into the 16th century,improved cannon(大炮)fire made them uncomfortable places to live in.As a result,true castles went into decline.
From the 18th century onwards,there was a renewed interest in castles with the construction of mock(仿造的)castles,part of a romantic revival(復(fù)活)of Gothic architecture,but they had no defensive purpose.
21.According to the first paragraph,we can knowB.
A.the palace is a fortified structure
B.the castle is different from the palace
C.the palace changed over time
D.the structures of the castle in different ages look the same.
22.what does the second paragraph mainly talk about?B
A.Symbols of he European castles.
B.Functions of the European castles.
C.Influences of the European castles.
D.Characteristics of the European castles.
23.The underlined word"supplanted"in the third paragraph is closet in meaning to"D".
A.produced
B.saved
C.protected
D.replaced
24.What can be inferred from the river?B
A.Castles have nothing in common with palaces.
B.Castles have a history of more than 1,000years in Europe.
C.Castles were mainly used for defensive purposes after the 18th century.
D.The introduction of gunpowder instantly influenced castle building in Europe.
分析 本文講述歐洲城堡的歷史及其功能的變化.
解答 21.B 細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段句子This is different from a palace,which is no fortified 這不同于一座宮殿,這是沒有加固的.所以答案選B.
22.B 推理判斷題.根據(jù)第二段Although army uses are often emphasized in castle studies,the structures also served as centres of administration and symbols of power.Urban castles were used to control the local people and important travel routes,and rural castles were often built near farmland.雖然在城堡研究中經(jīng)常強調(diào)軍隊的使用,但建筑物也作為行政中心和權(quán)力的象征,城市城堡被用來控制當(dāng)?shù)厝撕椭匾穆眯新肪,鄉(xiāng)村城堡通常建在農(nóng)田附近.可見提到的是城堡的功能,所以答案選B.
23.D 推理判斷題.根據(jù)第三段Many castles were originally built from earth and wood,but had their defences supplanted later by stone.許多城堡最初是用泥土和木頭建造的,但后來用石頭代替了他們的防御工事.所以答案選D.
24.B 推理判斷題.根據(jù)第二段The European castles originated in the 9th and 10th centuries歐洲城堡起源于第九和第十世紀.距今有1000年的歷史,所以答案選B.
點評 本文主要考查推理判斷題,要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上,做出一定的推理判斷,從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義.推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話,也可能是某幾句話,所以,推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案:即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫或綜合.推理判斷題的題干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等標(biāo)志性詞語. 這種題型主要包括細節(jié)判斷題、態(tài)度觀點推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、文章出處判斷題和猜測想象推斷題.