3.Pakistan's mud mystery
On September 24,2013,an earthquake struck the southwest of Pakistan,taking more than 300lives and leaving hundreds of thousands homeless.But after the horrible disaster,people living by the coast received another shock---they saw a new island,which seemed to have appeared out of nowhere,in the sea just over a kilometer from the shore,which has become a global curiosity.
How was it formed in just a few minutes?
As we know,islands in the sea are usually formed by volcanoes.There are many volcanoes under the sea.As the hot lava (巖漿) rushes out of the earth's crust (地殼) and cools down,it piles up and forms the shape of a mountain.When the mountain grows higher than the sea level,the part that's above the water becomes an island.
This time the island was brought about by a"mud volcano"instead of by a regular volcano.Lava is not the only thing that's locked under the earth's crust---there is also gas.When an earthquake happens and breaks part of the crust,the gas is released at an extremely high speed,pushing mud up to the surface.But only extremely powerful earthquakes can cause mud volcanoes to push up enough mud to produce islands---and this 7.7-magnitude earthquake in Pakistan was strong enough.The island is about 20meters high,up to about 90meters wide and 30meters long,nearly the size of a soccer field.
In fact,mud volcano islands aren't new.This is the fourth island of this kind in the region since 1945.But those islands usually didn't last long."It will probably be gone within a couple of months,"said Bill Barnhart,a researcher with the US Geological Survey.After all,"it's just a big pile of mud that was on the seafloor that got pushed up".

56.How many shocks did people in Pakistan receive on September 24,2013?(within 1word)
Two.
57.Where does the hot lava come from?(within 5words)
From under the earth's crust./From inside the earth.(Volcanoes under the sea.)
58.How does mud come above the surface of water?(within 6words)
It is pushed up by gas.
59.When will a mud volcano island be possibly formed?(within 6words)
When the earthquake is powerful enough (extremely powerful).(when the crust is broken.)
60.How long is the new mud volcano island likely to last?(within 3words)
A few months.(Several months.).

分析 巴基斯坦西南部發(fā)生地震,在地震中有300多人死亡,無數(shù)的人無家可歸,但令人更驚訝的是,海邊突然冒出一個小島,到底是怎么一回事呢?讓我們帶著好奇心一探究竟吧!

解答 56.Two.細節(jié)理解題  根據(jù)第一段On September 24,2013,an earthquake struck the southwest of Pakistan,taking more than 300lives and leaving hundreds of thousands homeless.But after the horrible disaster,people living by the coast received another shock可知,在September 24,2013這一天發(fā)生了兩件令人震驚的事情,故答案為Two.
57.From under the earth's crust./From inside the earth.(Volcanoes under the sea.)細節(jié)理解題  根據(jù)文章Lava is not the only thing that's locked under the earth's crust---there is also gas.可知,巖漿應該是來自于地球的內(nèi)部,故答案為From under the earth's crust./From inside the earth.(Volcanoes under the sea.)
58.It is pushed up by gas. 細節(jié)理解題  根據(jù)When an earthquake happens and breaks part of the crust,the gas is released at an extremely high speed,pushing mud up to the surface.可知,mud是由于地殼下的gas推上來的,故答案為It is pushed up by gas.
59.When the earthquake is powerful enough (extremely powerful).(when the crust is broken.)細節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)But only extremely powerful earthquakes can cause mud volcanoes to push up enough mud to produce islands---and this 7.7-magnitude earthquake in Pakistan was strong enough.可知,mud volcano island形成的條件是地震的強度需要夠大才行,故答案為When the earthquake is powerful enough (extremely powerful).(when the crust is broken.)
60.A few months.(Several months.)細節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)."It will probably be gone within a couple of months,"said Bill Barnhart,a researcher with the US Geological Survey.可知,這種島嶼可能會在幾個月內(nèi)消失,故答案為A few months.(Several months.)

點評 在考查學生閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上,增加了對書面表達能力的考查.該試題既考查學生的語言輸入,也考查語言的輸出;同時,考生對問題的回答即語言的輸出應建立在對文章內(nèi)容理解的前提上.該題型最顯著的特點在于所問問題中包括翻譯試題和開放型問題.翻譯試題是要求考生結(jié)合所翻譯的句子及文中的情景進行翻譯;開放型問題要求考生根據(jù)自己的理解和個人的觀點來進行回答.由此可見,該試題比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解試題更具綜合性,更能體現(xiàn)對考生語言綜合運用能力的考查.因此在訓練學生應試該題型時要和閱讀理解、書面表達結(jié)合在一起,從該題型的考查要點著手,抓住要點.7個類型的題目進行有針對性的訓練,把培養(yǎng)閱讀表達能力和做題技巧與培養(yǎng)考生的閱讀理解、書面表達能力融為一起,共同提高;在練中訓練考生的理解能力、表達能力;培養(yǎng)起他們的開放性思維習慣.

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