There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years，and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水閘) has protected the city from the threat of flooding，but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 21 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London's flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six­week period in July and August 2008，more than 11400 — mainly elderly people — died in France from dehydration (脫水) and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity (強(qiáng)度) are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air­conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short­term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions.
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”, which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air­conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
An estimated 250,000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coal­fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
小題1:Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Big Cities Facing Big DisastersB．Big Disasters in the Future
C．The Increase of Natural DisastersD．Solutions to Natural Disasters
小題2:What problem should be settled now in London?
A．How to protect the city’s property.
B．Where to build its flood defences.
C．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.
D．How to improve the function of the old flood defences.
小題3: Which of the following measures can’t solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?
A．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.
B．Having air­conditioners installed in elderly care homes.
C．Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”.
D．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings.
小題4:The major threats to Shanghai are ________.
A．increasing population and coal­fired power stations
B．rising sea levels and typhoons
C．extremely high temperature and rising sea levels
D．extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons
小題5:The purpose of the passage is ________.
A．to tell us how to protect the big cities
B．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters
C．to explain what causes flood and heat waves
D．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities

小題1:A
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:B
小題5:D

試題分析：全文主要是圍繞著三個聞名于世的大城市面臨的災(zāi)難展開介紹的，目的就是呼吁人們關(guān)注全球變暖和氣候變化對地球的影響，希望引起人們關(guān)注災(zāi)害對大城市的破壞。
小題1:主旨大意題。抓住關(guān)鍵詞，全文主要是圍繞著三個聞名于世的大城市面臨的災(zāi)難展開介紹的，關(guān)鍵詞是big city和disasters。選A。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在介紹倫敦時，第一句話“London's flood defences are getting older.”就點(diǎn)明了倫敦的危機(jī)暗伏的原因是防洪堤老化。所以解決的方法就是改善防洪堤。選D。
小題3:推理判斷題。在介紹巴黎時，說到了解決問題的兩種辦法，一種是使用空調(diào)，但這種辦法不是長久之計(jì)；另外一種就是在建筑上使用竹子屋頂型的花塔，所以A、B、D三項(xiàng)均正確，而C項(xiàng)forbid正好與文章要表達(dá)的意思相反。
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在介紹上海這一城市時，第一段說的是海平面，第二段說的是臺風(fēng)。選B。
小題5:寫作意圖題。作者寫這篇文章的目的就是呼吁人們關(guān)注全球變暖和氣候變化對地球的影響，就全文來說，是希望引起人們關(guān)注災(zāi)害對大城市的破壞。選D。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Back in old times, people had little knowledge about the universe and nature. Things we now consider to be common sense were mysteries to our ancestors.
Over the years, major breakthroughs have been made in science and many phenomena have been explained. But still, there are always questions we can't yet answer, and The Guardian has listed some of them.
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Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud believed dreams were the expressions of wishes that we can't fulfill in our real lives. Others have wondered whether dreams are just random "noise" coming from a sleeping brain.
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Apart from accidents, most people die because of diseases that can be treated and aging. And since many diseases, such as diabetes（糖尿�。� and cancer, are diseases of aging, treating aging itself could be the key to extending our lives.
Our knowledge of what causes us to age - and what allows some animals to live longer than others - is expanding rapidly. And though we haven't quite worked out all the details, we've worked out some pieces of the puzzles such as DNA damage and metabolism (新陳代謝), which are all leading to the invention of drugs that can slow down the aging process.
If we're lucky enough to lengthen our lives, we might even get to see the day when all of these questions are answered.
小題1:The main point of the passage is ______.
A．to inform people of the knowledge about the universe and nature
B．to introduce major breakthroughs that have been made in science
C．to present some questions we can't yet answer
D．to explain what were once mysteries to our ancestors
小題2:Chimpanzees and bananas are mentioned as examples to prove that ______.
A．human beings are actually not different from other animals
B．a(chǎn)nimals have completely different DNA from that of plants
C．both animals and plants share the same amount of DNA
D．DNA alone is not good enough to make humans different
小題3:The underlined word "identical" is closest in meaning to ______.
A．mysteriousB．uniqueC．a(chǎn)dvancedD．same
小題4:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．What were mysteries to our ancestors are considered to be common sense now.
B．Now we know much more about dreams than our ancestors did in the past.
C．With the invention of new drugs people can possibly live even longer.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Some snakes eat other snakes, even poisonous ones. The poison does not do them any harm(傷害). Snakes can swallow(吞下) things that are bigger around than they themselves are. This is possible because the jawbones(腭骨) are loosely joined, and the mouth can stretch（伸展）to make room for a fat animal. The snake’s slim body stretches to make space for the animal when it is inside.
Many snakes eat birds’ eggs or frogs（青蛙）. Others eat pests（害蟲）, mice and other animals that harm crops on farms. Because snakes do this valuable work, you should never kill one. It is too dangerous for you to kill a poisonous one. Leave that job to experts.
小題1: Which of the following groups of food is usually had by a snake?
A．Mice, crops, birds’ eggs.
B．Pests, frogs, some animals, plants.
C．Birds’ eggs, frogs, all animals, other snakes.
D．Mice, frogs, pests, some animals, other snakes.
小題2:We should not kill a snake because       
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B．it can do something useful for man
C．it will strike you in return
D．we are not experts
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B．doing harm to other animals
C．eating birds’ eggs and frogs
D．both A and C
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B．like snakes
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About seven years ago, whenever I notice someone looked nice, I started telling them they looked nice. Shortly afterwards, I came up with an observation: If you tell five people during the day that they look nice, at the end of the day, six people feel great. Here are some fruitful experiences I have with this.
One day, I was riding with a friend when we rolled to a stop at the traffic light. As we waited for the light to turn green, a man walked across the crosswalk. He looked very together, so I called out, “Hey, you look sharp today!” Pointing towards a building, he said, “Thanks, but I was sharper there.” His comment puzzled me. But before I could ask about it, the light turned green, and we drove on. I asked my friend what he meant. My friend informed me that we were at the corner of a radio station and the man was the voice on the radio. Then I understood. But no matter who he was the biggest thing for me was that he was smiling when he accepted my compliment (贊揚(yáng)).
Later that day, there was a woman standing on the corner where we were turning, and I yelled (大喊) the compliment again, “You look nice!” She was just taking a sip of a bottle of water and started to laugh. I felt good to get a laugh.
Another day, while seated in a restaurant, there was a lady sitting near me. I really did not care for her skirt, but she did look nice in it, so I told her, “You look nice today.” She looked at me and rolled her eyes a little. Well, her friend sitting next to her told her, “He just gave you a compliment. Say thank you.” I don’t remember whether she said “thank you” or not, but what I did notice was that her friend was smiling at my “You look nice today” compliment.
小題1:The underlined word “sharp” in Paragraph 2 probably means_________.
A．a(chǎn)ttractiveB．sudden
C．strictD．mild
小題2:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The first man the author praised accepted his compliment.
B．The first man the author praised worked at a radio station.
C．The woman standing on the corner didn’t like the compliment
D．The friend of the lady in the restaurant felt happy about the compliment.
小題3:What would be the best title of the passage?
A．Fruitful Experiences
B．Help Others, Help Yourself
C．Learn to compliment.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In general, people talk about two groups of colours warm colours and cool colours. Researchers in psychology think that there are also two groups of people people who prefer warm colours and people who prefer cool colours.
The warm colours are red, orange and yellow. Where there are warm colours and a lot of light, people usually want to be active. People think that red, for example, is exciting. Sociable people, those who like to be with others, like red. The cool colours are green, blue and violet. These colours, unlike warm colours , are relaxing. Where there are cool colours, people are usually quiet. People who like to spend time alone often prefer blue.
Red may be exciting, but one researcher says that time seems to pass more slowly in a room with warm colours than in a room with cool colours. He suggests that a warm colour, such as red or orange is a good colour for a living room or restaurant. People who are relaxing or eating do not want time to pass quickly. Cool colours are better for offices or factories if the people who are working there want time to pass quickly.
Researchers do not know why people think some colours are warm and other colours are cool. However, almost everyone agrees that red, orange, and yellow are warm and that green, blue and violet are cool. Perhaps warm colours remind people of warm days and the cool colours remind them of cool days. Because in the north the sun is higher during summer, the hot summer sunlight appears yellow.
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A．Yellow, green.B．Blue, violet.
C．Black, blue.D．Brown, white.
小題2:Which of the following statements is not true?
A．Sociable people like warm colours.
B．Warm colours can make people excited.
C．People who like to be with others don’t like red.
D．Where there are warm colours, people want to be active.
小題3:Which is the right colour for different rooms?
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B．Orange for dining-rooms.
C．Blue for bedrooms.
D．Red for studies.
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A．It shows the reason why people think some colours are warm and others are cool.
B．Warm colours remind people of warm days.
C．Cool colours remind people of cool days.
D．People have an agreeable opinion of warm colours and cool colours.

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LIKE many teachers, Cristi Derow and Jennifer Bradley have spent most of their careers giving classroom lectures to students who sat passively in their seats.
The Lewisvillle, Texas, school teachers were aware that the hours they spent on preparing lessons were too often wasted on many students. So Forestwood High School, Texas, used the “flipped (翻轉(zhuǎn)的) classroom” method of instruction. “We’ve completely done away with our lecture,” Derow said. And homework assignments “are all done in class,” Bradley said.
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Instead of doing homework assignments alone at home, students are now “working together, talking about it,” Bradley said. “If they don’t agree on an answer, they debate it and have to justify their answers. It’s a higher level of learning.”
Her students give the flipped classroom high marks.
Sarah Lee, 14, watches the 30-minute videos on a home computer. She likes the ability to rewind the tapes if she doesn't understand a concept. She also likes being able to watch the lessons on her own schedule.
One of her classmates, Dawson Depperschmidt has the same idea and thinks the time she spends in the classroom is more productive. “It gives us more time to learn at school,” Dawson said. “You get more in-depth in class.
小題1:What can we conclude from the first two paragraphs?
A．Teachers in Lewisville enjoyed giving classroom lectures.
B．It takes time for students to concentrate and understand in class.
C．Many students took an inactive part in lecture-style classes.
D．Teachers in Lewisville found that there was no need to prepare lessons.
小題2:What difference does the “flipped classroom”method make to students?
A．They have more arguments with classmates.
B．They have to be independent and cooperative.
C．They need to do more homework at home.
D．They have to prepare lectures by themselves.
小題3:What does the underlined word “productive” mean?
A．reducing difficultiesB．trying new methods
C．a(chǎn)chieving a lotD．causing troubles
小題4:What are the benefits of the “flipped classroom” method?
a. Teachers have time to solve deeper problems
b. Students are engaged in a higher level of learning.
c. Students study according to their own schedule.
d. Teachers don’t have to design homework for students
A．a(chǎn), b, c,B．a(chǎn), c, dC．b, c, dD．a(chǎn), b, d

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A warm blanket is the ideal sleep aid for a freezing winter night. The right blanket can warm your bones but the wrong one can affect your sleep. I asked experts for advice on picking the perfect blanket for a good night’s sleep. Here’s what they told me.
When it comes to sleep temperature, experts recommend following the principle: not too cold, not too hot, but just right. “People seem to sleep best at temperature between 62 and 70 degrees F,” says Dr. Alice Hoagland. When the surrounding temperature falls too low, it can rouse you from sleep. A good blanket helps drive the coldness away.
At the other extreme, overheating yourself can affect your sleep as well. “Core body temperature typically drops during the first four hour’s of sleep,” says Dr. Hoagland. This decline in body temperature helps you fall asleep and stay asleep.
“In medical care, weighted blankets are one of our most powerful tools for helping people who are anxious, upset, and possibly losing control,” says Dr. Karen Moore. These special blankets are filled with weighted pellets. Weighted blankets are also marketed for general use as an aid to sleep and relaxation. Like a firm hug, weighted blankets help us feel safe.” This is the reason why many people like to sleep under a blanket even in summer.
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小題1:The author wrote the passage mainly to tell us _____.
A．the importance of blankets
B．how to choose the perfect blanket
C．different materials used to make blankets
D．the history and usage of blankets
小題2:The underlined word “rouse” in Paragraph 2 is the closest in meaning to “______”.
A．wake upB．take upC．make upD．pick up
小題3:What do we know from the passage?
A．Body temperature rises when we fall asleep
B．The perfect sleep temperature should be above 70 degrees F.
C．Weighted blankets should be at least 30 pounds.
D．People are advised to use their own blankets.

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Can we give a hand to those endangered animals? Yes, we may only do a little bit, but together our small actions add up to a lot.
1. Protect wildlife habitat.
Perhaps the greatest threat that faces many species is the widespread destruction of habitat. Cutting down forests, farming, and development all result in loss of wildlife habitat. In areas where rare species live, habitat destruction can quickly force a species to extinction. By protecting habitat, entire communities of animals can be protected together naturally. Parks and reserves are now all too often the only habitats that are left untouched by habitat destruction.
2. Reduce the threat of invasive (入侵的) species.
The spread of non-native species has greatly reduced native populations around the world. Invasive species compete with native species for resources (資源) and habitat. They can even prey on native species directly, forcing native species towards extinction.
3. Place decals (貼花紙) on windows.
It is reported that as many as one billion birds in the United States die each year because of collisions (碰撞) with windows. You can help reduce the number of collisions simply by placing decals on the windows in your home and office.
4. Slow down when driving.
Many native animals have to live in developed areas and this means they must move in human-living areas. One of the biggest obstacles (障礙) to them is that created by roads. Roads divide habitat and present a constant risk to any animal attempting to cross from one side to the other. So when you’re out and about, slow down and keep an eye out for wildlife.
小題1: What would be the best title for this passage?
A．How animals go to extinction
B．The importance of protecting wildlife
C．What to do to help save wildlife
D．How to protect wildlife habitat
小題2:By writing the underlined sentence, the writer means that _____.
A．more parks and reserves should be built
B．we should have more habitats free of destruction
C．there is a need for improvement in parks and re-serves
D．parks and reserves are good examples of protecting wildlife
小題3:People are advised to put decals on windows to _____.
A．decorate the houses and beautify the environment
B．protect the windows from birds hitting
C．a(chǎn)ttract more birds to make homes nearby
D．a(chǎn)void birds hitting the windows by mistake
小題4:The underlined phrase “prey on” in the passage means _____.
A．drive awayB．live withC．kill for foodD．fight with

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Dear Mayor,
I would like to draw your attention to the depressing state of the environment in our city. Increased vehicles have made the air polluted. Citizens find it difficult to breathe. Dumping toxic chemicals into the river has polluted the drinking water and ground water.
All of us, as concerned citizens, have discussed these problems in various meetings. We have come up with the following proposals（提議）.
The green roads are no longer green. Many trees and bushes have been cut. We propose restricting the movement of vehicles. Besides, we should make it compulsory（強(qiáng)制性的）to use anti-pollution devices on all vehicles. We should also plant more plants and trees along roads.
The Bada Nadi River has become a dumping ground of toxic chemicals from some factories. These toxic chemicals have killed nearly all the life in the river and polluted our drinking water and ground water. We propose that the Bada Nadi River be declared a protected water body. All the dumping should be banned and heavy fine should be imposed on the offenders（違法者）. To tackle the problem of managing toxic waste, we propose setting up a water treatment plant so that only clean water is discharged into the river. Cleaning up the river and introducing various fishes and plants to the river will bring it back to life.
Lastly, the noise pollution caused by honking（鳴）horns and blaring loudspeakers has caused distress to one and all. Many people have suffered from noise-related illnesses. We propose a blanket ban on the use of loudspeakers. And“no horn zones”should also be declared in residential hospitals and school areas.
I would request you to seriously consider our proposals and act accordingly.
Thank you!
Sincerely yours,
A kind-hearted citizen
小題1:The author wrote this letter in order to ______.
A．express his/her thanks to the mayor
B．complain about the environment
C．share his/her opinions about city life
D．make his/her suggestions on managing toxic waste
小題2:In order to protect the Bada Nadi River, the author suggests _______.
A．a(chǎn)nti-pollution devices should be used on vehicles
B．planting more trees and bushes along roads
C．restricting the movement of vehicles
D．banning dumping dangerous chemicals into the river
小題3:The underlined word “tackle”in the fourth paragraph means“_______”.
A．put offB．deal with
C．set upD．turn down

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