(2013·高考湖北卷)People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often________rather than based on fixed criteria.

A．appropriate B．conscious

C．arbitrary D．controversial

 

C

【解析】選C。句意：人們抱怨說(shuō)，決定頒發(fā)許可證或者拒絕授予可證，這些決定通常都是隨意性的行為，而不是以確定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為基礎(chǔ)的。appropriate“恰當(dāng)?shù)模线m的”；conscious“意識(shí)到的，清醒的”；arbitrary“隨意的，任意的；武斷的，專(zhuān)橫的”；controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的”。與后文的fixed criteria(確定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/原則)呼應(yīng)，這里用arbitrary表示“隨意的，任意的”。

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013-2014學(xué)年高考閱讀理解全程沖刺訓(xùn)練（9）英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.

It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.

Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally – admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.

 

1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is

A.  not very high.                               B.  high.

C.  contemptuous.                        D.  critical.

2.The main idea of this passage is

A.  vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.

B.  people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.

C.  to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.

D.  people are bloodthirsty in sports.

3.That the author mentions the old Romans is

A.  To compare the old Romans with today’s people.

B.  to give an example.

C.  to show human beings in the past know nothing better.

D.  to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.

4..How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?

A.  Three.            B.  Five.

C.  Six.            D.  Seven.

5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is

A.  that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.

B.  that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.

C.  that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.

D.  to show law is the main instrument of social change.

 

Vocabulary

 

 relish                從……獲得樂(lè)處，享受

 orgy            狂歡，放縱

 arena             競(jìng)技場(chǎng)，活動(dòng)或斗爭(zhēng)的場(chǎng)所

 blood-thirsty        殘忍的，嗜血的

 bear-baiting        逗熊游戲

 bull-fight      斗牛

 batter            猛擊，連續(xù)地猛打/捶，亂打

 pulp                 成紙漿，成軟塊

 burst into flames      突然燃燒起來(lái)/著火

 grim            令人窒息的，簡(jiǎn)陋的

 coop up            把……關(guān)起來(lái)

 

 

難句譯注

 

bear-baiting  逗熊游戲。這是一種十六、十七世紀(jì)流行于英國(guó)的游戲――驅(qū)狗去咬綁著的熊，很殘忍，后被禁止。

…two men batter each other to pulp in the boxing ring.

 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】batter one to pulp = beat one to a pulp 狠揍某人，打癱某人

 【參考譯文】?jī)蓚�(gè)人在拳擊場(chǎng)內(nèi)彼此狠揍，知道一個(gè)人被打倒在地，爬不起來(lái)。

…unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.

 【參考譯文】眼見(jiàn)一輛或多輛賽車(chē)相互撞擊，突然燒起來(lái)而無(wú)動(dòng)于衷。

A world heavy weight championship match is front page news.

 【參考譯文】世界重量級(jí)冠軍賽總是頭版頭條新聞。

寫(xiě)作方法與文章大意

  作者采取先對(duì)比、后分析的寫(xiě)作手法。先是今人和古羅馬人對(duì)暴虐體育上對(duì)此兩者都欣賞。后者坦率成人“欣賞暴力體育”，前者施以各種接口、實(shí)際都是嗜血成性者。第二段進(jìn)一步剖析今人欣賞暴虐體育的種種實(shí)例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜為改善法律采取積極的步驟，法律才能施以巨大的文明影響，否則人類(lèi)很難改變。

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2013-2014學(xué)年高考閱讀理解全程沖刺訓(xùn)練（18）英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.

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It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."

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A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth

B. consider facial expressions universally reliable

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C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers' faces.

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A. The participants in the study.

B. The researchers of the study.

C. The errors made during the study.

D. The data collected from the study.

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A. do translation more successfully

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C. examine the eyes more attentively

D. read facial expressions more correctly

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A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul

B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions

C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills

D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding

 

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A. a，b，c． B. a，b，d．

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B. To provide information about ALRL．

C. To announce an open position at ALRL．

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Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s iniquitous,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’

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1.What is main idea of this passage?

A.  Advertisement.  

B.  The benefits of advertisement.

C.  Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.

D.  The costs of advertisement.

2.The attitude of the author toward advertisers is

A.  appreciative.

B.  trustworthy.

C.  critical.

D.  dissatisfactory.

3.Why do the critics criticize advertisers?

A.  Because advertisers often brag.

B.  Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”.

C.  Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.

D.  Because customers pay more.

4.Which of the following is Not True?

A.  Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.

B.  We can buy what we want.

C.  Good quality products don’t need to be advertised.

D.  Advertisement makes our life colorful.

5.The passage is

A.  Narration.

B.  Description.

C.  Criticism.

D.  Argumentation.

 

 

Vocabulary

come in for ( sth. )      是某事物的對(duì)象，吸引（某事物），獲得

flair            天資，天分

iniquitous            極邪惡的，極不公正的

drab            單調(diào)的，乏味的

subsist            活下去，生存下去，維持下去

hatch            孵化（指生孩子）

match            匹配，婚姻

dispatch            派遣，發(fā)送

agony            極大痛苦，煎熬

agony column      （報(bào)刊中關(guān)于個(gè)人疑難問(wèn)題征詢意見(jiàn)的）讀者來(lái)信專(zhuān)欄

 

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