4.There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence.The first is the sort of brain he is born with.Human brains differ considerably,some being more capable than others.But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with,an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared.If an individual is handicapped environmentally,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins,Peter and Mark X.Being identical,the twins had identical brains at birth,and their growth processes were the same.When the twins were three months old,their parents died,and they were placed in separate foster homes.Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities.Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college.He was read to as a child,sent to good schools,and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens,when they were given tests to measure their intelligence.Mark's I.Q.was 125,twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.Given equal opportunities,the twins,having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.
30.A person's intelligenceD
A.stays unchanged in a certain environment.
B.develops with the change of environment
C is born at the same level as anyone else's.
D.is affected by the environment as well as the sort of brain he is born with
31.What is meant by"he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable."?B
A He will never fail to develop his intelligence
B.He won't become so intelligent as he should
C.He is able to reach a high level of intelligence
D.It is impossible for him to develop intelligence
32.Which of the following statements is true concerning the twins?D
A.The sorts of brain they are born with differ greatly
B.They set up an example for studying the environment
C.They became orphans once they were born
D.They were adopted boys
33.According to the text,the environment in which the twins were reared differs in the following aspects exceptC.
A.intelligence level of the parents.
B.family economic status.
C.the age of their parents.
D.community surroundings.
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了智力和環(huán)境的關(guān)系.同樣智力水平的人,環(huán)境和教育不一樣,智商也會(huì)有很大不同.
解答 30.D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段The first is the sort of brain he is born with,So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared可知一個(gè)人的智力是受環(huán)境的影響以及他與生俱來的大腦排序;故選D.
31.B.句意理解題.根據(jù)第一段If an individual is handicapped environmentally,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable可知如果一個(gè)人受到環(huán)境,很有可能他的大腦將無法發(fā)展,他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)達(dá)到的智力水平他能;故選B.
32.D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities.Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college可知雙胞胎他們被收養(yǎng)了;故選D.
33.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章可知這對(duì)雙胞胎在父母的智力水平,自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況和社區(qū)環(huán)境方面有差別;故選C.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 這篇文章講的是智力和環(huán)境的關(guān)系.同樣智力水平的人,環(huán)境和教育不一樣,智商也會(huì)有很大不同.做閱讀理解題首先要明確文章的中心意思,只有明確了中心意思,那么做閱讀理解的試題才能做到游刃有余.閱讀理解的主旨大意題其實(shí)主要考查考生把握全文內(nèi)容或理解文章中心思想的能力以及分析歸納文章段落大意、重要情節(jié)、人物特征和寫作特點(diǎn)等方面的能力.