Throughout the world, boys and girls prefer to play with different types of toys. Boys typically like to play with cars and trucks, while girls typically choose to play with dolls. Why is this? A traditional sociological explanation is that boys and girls are socialized and encouraged to play with different types of toys by their parents, peers, and the “society”. Growing scientific evidence suggests, however, that boys’ and girls’ toy preferences may have a biological origin.

In 2002, Gerianne M. Alexander of Texas A&M University and Melissa Hines of City University in London surprised the scientific world by showing that monkeys showed the same sex-typical toy preferences as humans. In the study, Alexander and Hines gave two masculine toys (a ball and a police car), two feminine toys (a soft doll and a cooking pot), and two neutral toys (a picture book and a stuffed dog) to 44 male and 44 female monkeys. They then assessed the monkeys’ preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each. Their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the feminine toys. The two sexes did not differ in their preference for the neutral toys.

If children’ s toy preferences were largely formed by gender socialization, as traditional sociologists’ claim, in which their parents give “gender appropriate” toys to boys and girls, how can these male and female monkeys have the same preferences as boys and girls？They were never socialized by humans, and they had never seen these toys before in their lives.

1.Traditional sociologists believe boys’ and girls’ toy preferences ________.

A. are passed down from their parents

B. are largely formed in later life

C. have nothing to do with gender socialization

D. have a biological origin

2.The study by Alexander and Hines shows that monkeys________.

A. also have a sex typical toy preference

B. also play toys as humans do 

C. have no toy preferences

D. like to play different toys at different time

3.Alexander and Hines carried out the study to ________.

A. find more evidence for traditional sociology

B. test the intelligence of monkeys

C. test whether monkeys like to play toys

D. find out why boys and girls prefer different toys

4.According to the study, if given a stuffed dog, ________.

A. only the male monkeys showed interest

B. the female monkeys showed more interest

C. the male and female monkeys showed the same interest

D. neither the male nor the female monkeys showed any interest

 

1.B

2.A

3.D

4.C

【解析】

試題分析：本文主要講了男孩和女孩在玩玩具方面具有明顯的性別差異。這種差異是后天習(xí)得的，還是與生俱來(lái)的呢？科學(xué)家對(duì)此進(jìn)行了研究。。

1.從文章第一段的第四句和最后一段可知，傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為男孩、女孩對(duì)玩具的偏好差異是后天形成的。。故選B。

2.文章第二段的第一句說(shuō)明，猴子在玩玩具時(shí)，也有性別差異。故選A。

3.從文章第一段最后一句和最后一段可知，用猴子做研究的目的是證明男孩和女孩在玩玩具時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出的偏好是與生俱來(lái)的，而不是后天習(xí)得的。故選D。

4.從文章第二段最后一句可知，如果給一種中性的玩具，猴子表現(xiàn)出的興趣沒(méi)有性別差異。。故選C。

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