As a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without many living things.
Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms (生物體) to be affected are either plants or plankton (浮游生物). These organisms are the food of fish, birds, and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it is not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the sea shore that people realize what is happening.
Where do the substances which pollute water come from? There are two main sources, sewage(污水) and industrial waste. As more detergent (洗滌劑)is used in homes, more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas.  Detergents harm water birds by breaking down the natural substances which keep their feathers waterproof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful since there are many highly poisonous materials in it, such as copper and lead.
So if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple. Sewage and industrial waste must be made clean before flowing into the water reservoirs. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.
小題1:Pollution in water is noticed ________.
A．when the first organisms are affected
B．when many fish and birds die
C．when poisons are poured into water
D．As soon as the balance of nature is destroyed
小題2:Living things die in a lake or river because there is no ________.
A．waterB．fishC．PoisonD．oxygen
小題3:The underlined word “waterproof” in the third paragraph means “         ”.
A．full of waterB．not allowing water to go through
C．covered with waterD．cleaned by water
小題4:Which of the following things is /are harmful according to the passage？
A．Industrial waste and chemicalsB．Water in the river
C．Coal and woodD．plastic

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:B
小題4:A

試題分析：由于污染使得美加邊境的伊利湖現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)失去了很多生物。水污染不僅僅是殺死大量的魚類。還有很多的浮游生物和植物，然后是水鳥和其他生物。因?yàn)槲鬯凸I(yè)廢棄物沒有經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚砭瓦M(jìn)入河流湖泊和海洋，導(dǎo)致很多動(dòng)植物因缺氧、中毒而亡。如果現(xiàn)在采取正確的措施，還可以挽救一些河流湖泊。
小題1:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話可知，植物先死亡，但是人們并沒有注意。當(dāng)魚和鳥因吃了被污染的食物而死亡時(shí)，人們才開始注意。所以選B。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段 倒數(shù)第二句可知，污水使所有水里的生命不能得到他們需要的氧氣而死亡。所以選D（氧氣）。
小題3:詞義推測題。根據(jù)第三段中waterproof所在的句子和常識(shí)的理解可知，污水含有去油的功能的洗滌劑，而鳥的羽毛自身有油脂才不能浮在水面上。所以選B（防水的）。
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，工業(yè)污水含有很多的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，更有害。選A（工業(yè)廢棄物和化學(xué)物質(zhì)）。
考點(diǎn): 環(huán)保類閱讀。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Back in old times, people had little knowledge about the universe and nature. Things we now consider to be common sense were mysteries to our ancestors.
Over the years, major breakthroughs have been made in science and many phenomena have been explained. But still, there are always questions we can't yet answer, and The Guardian has listed some of them.
1. What makes us human?
Just looking at your DNA won't tell you - human DNA is 99 percent identical to that of the chimpanzee and, believe it or not, 50 percent identical to a banana's! A lot of the things we once thought were unique about us - language and tool use, recognizing ourselves in the mirror and so on – have since been seen in other animals. Perhaps it's our culture that makes the difference or maybe our ability to use fire. It's also possible that our capacity (能力) for co-operation and our trading skills are what make us unique.
2. Why do we dream?
Given the fact that we spend around a third of our lives sleeping, shouldn't we know everything about it? Unfortunately, scientists are still searching for a complete explanation of what happens when we sleep and why we dream.
Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud believed dreams were the expressions of wishes that we can't fulfill in our real lives. Others have wondered whether dreams are just random "noise" coming from a sleeping brain.
3. Could we someday live forever?
Apart from accidents, most people die because of diseases that can be treated and aging. And since many diseases, such as diabetes（糖尿�。� and cancer, are diseases of aging, treating aging itself could be the key to extending our lives.
Our knowledge of what causes us to age - and what allows some animals to live longer than others - is expanding rapidly. And though we haven't quite worked out all the details, we've worked out some pieces of the puzzles such as DNA damage and metabolism (新陳代謝), which are all leading to the invention of drugs that can slow down the aging process.
If we're lucky enough to lengthen our lives, we might even get to see the day when all of these questions are answered.
小題1:The main point of the passage is ______.
A．to inform people of the knowledge about the universe and nature
B．to introduce major breakthroughs that have been made in science
C．to present some questions we can't yet answer
D．to explain what were once mysteries to our ancestors
小題2:Chimpanzees and bananas are mentioned as examples to prove that ______.
A．human beings are actually not different from other animals
B．a(chǎn)nimals have completely different DNA from that of plants
C．both animals and plants share the same amount of DNA
D．DNA alone is not good enough to make humans different
小題3:The underlined word "identical" is closest in meaning to ______.
A．mysteriousB．uniqueC．a(chǎn)dvancedD．same
小題4:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．What were mysteries to our ancestors are considered to be common sense now.
B．Now we know much more about dreams than our ancestors did in the past.
C．With the invention of new drugs people can possibly live even longer.
D．If all the diseases can be treated people can theoretically live forever.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists know of more than 1,000 volcanoes on the surface of Venus, Earth’s “sister” planet. A big question has been: Are they still active? The scientists say yes.
Their evidence for recent volcanic activity on Venus comes from a lava(熔巖) flow in the planet’s northern hemisphere. The flow is hotter than the rocks around, which means the lava might still be cooling off. “The flow we studied seems to be very young---it is still warm inside,” Nataliya Bondarenko said.
Venus is a difficult planet to study from Earth because it is surrounded by thick clouds. Telescopes on Earth can’t see through these clouds, so the best information about Venus comes from spacecraft orbiting it.
Bondarenko and her colleagues studied the lava flow using data from NASA’s Magellan mission. That spacecraft spent four years in orbit around Venus and used radar to make a map of 98 percent of the planet’s surface. On October 11th, 1994, the mission ended, and the spacecraft plunged (跌落) through Venus’ heavy cloud cover and crashed onto the planet below.
While in orbit, the Magellan craft sent microwaves, which can go through Venus’ clouds, to the surface. Microwaves are invisible and can be as long as three feet. These waves are a kind of energy, like light. And like light, they bounce off surfaces. The way the waves bounced off the Venus’ surface and back to the craft supplied information that the scientists used to estimate the temperature of various parts of the planet’s surface. Bondarenko’s team found that the lava flow was hotter than its surroundings---which may mean the lava flow is in the process of cooling.
The scientists say the lava flow can’t be very old because if it were, it would have cooled off enough that Magellan wouldn’t have noticed the difference in microwaves. She adds that the flow appears in a 1978 view of the surface that a craft called the Pioneer Venus Orbiter captured.
小題1:What happened to Magellan in the end?
A．It was floating in space forever.
B．It flew into heavy clouds.
C．It returned to the Earth.
D．It fell onto Venus.
小題2:How could Bondarenko judge the temperature of the Venus?
A．By looking at it with a powerful telescope.
B．By measuring the thickness of clouds over Venus.
C．By calculating the microwave bouncing off Venus’s surface.
D．By orbiting Venus for 4 years in a spacecraft.
小題3:The best title for the passage may be “______ ”.
A．Warm lava on Venus
B．More volcanic eruptions on Venus
C．Venus is just like a big active volcano
D．Lava flows are first found on Venus

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：單選題

While learning the science lessons, I used to get a doubt--why ear, nose, tongue and eyes should be called as special senses? The basic reason is that these are the channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings. Though apparently it may feel like these are individual sensory organs, they do show some connectivity. Interestingly, our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food. Isn’t it good for a sound nap after a stomach-full meal? That does not mean we go deaf after a meal, but the hearing pitch（強(qiáng)度）does change after a heavy meal.
We usually give credit of the taste to our tongue, but do you know that unless saliva（唾液）dissolves something, our tongue cannot recognize the taste of the food eaten. Taste is nothing but the food chemicals dissolved in the saliva being sensed by the taste buds（味蕾）present on the tongue. Try to dry off your tongue and mouth with a tissue paper and then taste something.
Women are much better smellers than men. They are born with this characteristic ability and can correctly recognize the exact fragrance of the sample. We all can store almost 50,000 different smells, which are strongly tied to the memories.
Pupils（瞳孔）do not respond to light alone, but to the slightest bit of noise around too. Thus surgeons, watchmakers and those professionals who have to perform a much delicate job do prefer to have a sound-free environment. Even a small noise can enlarge their pupils, change the focus and make their vision less clear.
Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell, which is unique to us, except the twins. This smell is very subtle yet can be sensed even by a newborn. It may be due to this smell that the newborn recognizes the presence of his parents around.
小題1:What may happen after you have had a rich lunch?
A．Your eyes become weak and can not see well.
B．You may feel energetic and fresh.
C．Your hearing pitch may be decreased.
D．Your tongue may lose the function of taste.
小題2:. What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?
A．Our tongues can’t be dried while eating something.
B．If your tongue is dried without any saliva on it, it will not work.
C．A tissue paper is the only thing that can be used to dry our tongues.
D．If your tongue is dried with a tissue paper, it may work as well as before.
小題3:What makes each person different from anyone else except twins according to the passage?
A．The number of sensory organs.
B．The functions of sensory organs.
C．The particular smell of a person.
D．The style of one’s behavior.
小題4:Which of the following may be the best title of this passage?
A．The Sensitivity of Sensory Organs
B．The Functions and Connections of Sensory Organs
C．A Newborn’s Sensory Organs
D．Different Senses Between Men and Woman

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Our environment isn’t as green and beautiful as it should be. There are steel monsters blocking out the sun, blowing out dangerous smoke, and letting out poisonous chemicals into rivers, cars producing harmful waste gas, people throwing out waste in a wrong way and all other kinds of sources that ruin the planet. Facing current environmental problems, people need to do their best to save the Earth.
You can see many big garbage dustbins in the streets. They’re not there for a show, but for you to drop your waste. We should realize that what a little we do does count. So next time you get that urge to throw gum or a chocolate package out of the car window, or “ accidentally” drop as you walk down the street, ask yourself how much waste you’ve been contributing to the environment with that bad habit going on for years.
At home, the first thing we can do to protect the environment is avoid letting water run continuously and make sure that taps（水龍頭）are not leaky（泄露的），which would help greatly in scrimping. Another is to use energy-saving lights, and turn them off before you leave the rooms. It’s not only energy-saving, but also cuts down electricity costs.
Recycling is a method to make items reusable. Many things you want to throw out can be made into new products through the reproducing process. Use your imagination to come up with ways on things that you can use again.
Pass the message of simple ways to save the environment on to kids. Starting with kids is a good way of teaching the message early in their lives, in the hope that they can carry it forward as they grow older.
With environmental protection awareness in mind, we can do what we can, for the results are to have a big effect on the planet. As long as we do our part, the world is one small step closer to being saved.
小題1:The underlined word “scrimping” in the third paragraph can be replaced by _____.
A．savingB．cleaningC．cookingD．drinking
小題2:From the fifth paragraph, we can know that ________.
A．protecting the environment begins with small chores
B．protecting the environment should start from childhood.
C．wonderful life comes from environmental protection
D．protecting the environment benefits the country and the people
小題3:Which of the following isn’t true?
A．The more people do their part, the greener the environment will be.
B．Selling what you don’t want any more is a kind of recycling.
C．To protect the environment may help you save some money.
D．Your bad habits for the environment are a valuable contribution.
小題4:Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A．The Use of Garbage Dustbin
B．How to Save Water and Electricity
C．How to Save the Environment
D．Our Current Environmental Problems

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In South America, the rich soil of the Amazon River basin（流域）in Brazil is known as “black gold”. Scientists found that the secret of this rich soil was charcoal（木炭）. Local people made it from animal bones and tree branches. They mixed the charcoal with the soil about 1.500 years ago.
Now, scientists in the United States have done a modern demonstration. They say charcoal fertilization offers a revolutionary way to improve soil quality for hundreds or even thousands of years.
Mingxin Guo and his team at Delavare State University heated tree leaves, corn stalks（莖）, small pieces of wood and poultry waste into “biochar”（生物碳）. They reported their findings at a recent meeting of the American Chemical Society in New Orleans.
Biochar could be good news for farmers with poor soil and hungry populations to feed. Professor Guo says it could even help against global warming. Intensive（集約的） farming and overuse of chemical fertilizer give out carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Biochar does the opposite, he says. It traps carbon in the ground.
The researchers planted winter wheat in containers of soil in a greenhouse — some with biochar, some without. Professor Guo says the wheat grows much better in the pots with biochar. The soil was added two percent charcoal to. But he says even a one percent treatment will increase productivity.
The results demonstrated that biochar can increase organic matter in soil. Loss of nutrients in soil is an increasing problem worldwide as farmers try to grow more food for growing populations.
Next, the team will carry out a five-year study of biochar with spinach（菠菜）, green peppers and tomatoes.
Mingxin Guo says he learns about the “black gold” in Brazil from a magazine story. He explains that it was discovered in the jungle, in the area where waters flow to the Amazon, in the 1960’s. But it was not until recent years that scientists began to bring public attention to it.
小題1:According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．The researchers will go on proving their theory.
B．The leading researcher learns the theory from the magazine.
C．Charcoal was discovered 1,500 years ago.
D．Common farming can produce more carbon dioxide.
小題2:Biochar has the following advantages EXCEPT that ________.
A．it can improve the condition of the soil
B．it can be used as a kind of energy
C．it can help against global warming
D．it can increase productivity of the corn
小題3:According to the research, the biochar can help against global warming because it can ________.
A．reduce the carbon dioxide
B．keep the carbon in the soil
C．reduce the loss of nutrients in the soil
D．a(chǎn)bsorb the carbon dioxide
小題4:Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．Using Charcoal to Make soil into “Black Gold”
B．Using Charcoal to Reduce the Carbon Dioxide
C．How Amazon River Basin Produces “Golden Black”
D．Guo’s Research on Producing Biochar

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

LIKE many teachers, Cristi Derow and Jennifer Bradley have spent most of their careers giving classroom lectures to students who sat passively in their seats.
The Lewisvillle, Texas, school teachers were aware that the hours they spent on preparing lessons were too often wasted on many students. So Forestwood High School, Texas, used the “flipped (翻轉(zhuǎn)的) classroom” method of instruction. “We’ve completely done away with our lecture,” Derow said. And homework assignments “are all done in class,” Bradley said.
With the flipped concept, a student’s usual homework assignment is to watch pre-recorded lectures on their computers or smart phones.They walk into class ready to discuss the topic, collaborate(合作) with other students and work on assignments based on what they learned from the video. Free from lecturing, the teachers can use class time to look deeper into the subject and focus on difficult concept. As students change from a passive to an active role, they learn critical thinking skills, learn to collaborate and become independent learners.
Instead of doing homework assignments alone at home, students are now “working together, talking about it,” Bradley said. “If they don’t agree on an answer, they debate it and have to justify their answers. It’s a higher level of learning.”
Her students give the flipped classroom high marks.
Sarah Lee, 14, watches the 30-minute videos on a home computer. She likes the ability to rewind the tapes if she doesn't understand a concept. She also likes being able to watch the lessons on her own schedule.
One of her classmates, Dawson Depperschmidt has the same idea and thinks the time she spends in the classroom is more productive. “It gives us more time to learn at school,” Dawson said. “You get more in-depth in class.
小題1:What can we conclude from the first two paragraphs?
A．Teachers in Lewisville enjoyed giving classroom lectures.
B．It takes time for students to concentrate and understand in class.
C．Many students took an inactive part in lecture-style classes.
D．Teachers in Lewisville found that there was no need to prepare lessons.
小題2:What difference does the “flipped classroom”method make to students?
A．They have more arguments with classmates.
B．They have to be independent and cooperative.
C．They need to do more homework at home.
D．They have to prepare lectures by themselves.
小題3:What does the underlined word “productive” mean?
A．reducing difficultiesB．trying new methods
C．a(chǎn)chieving a lotD．causing troubles
小題4:What are the benefits of the “flipped classroom” method?
a. Teachers have time to solve deeper problems
b. Students are engaged in a higher level of learning.
c. Students study according to their own schedule.
d. Teachers don’t have to design homework for students
A．a(chǎn), b, c,B．a(chǎn), c, dC．b, c, dD．a(chǎn), b, d

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We all make excuses.
But the successful ones are those who can kill the excuses like the miserable maggots they are.
I’m too tired. I don’t have the time. I don’t feel motivated. I’d rather do nothing. I don’t have the money, equipment, space. I can’t because …
We’ve all made the excuses. Here’s how to kill them.
See the positive. Excuses are usually made because we don’t feel like doing something — we’re accentuating the negative. Instead, see the fun in something, the joy in it. And maintain a positive attitude, or you’ll never beat the excuses.
Take responsibility. Excuses are ways to get out of owning up to something. If we don’t have the time, money, equipment, etc., then it’s not our fault, right? Wrong. Take responsibility, and own the solution.
Find a solution. Just about every problem has a solution. Don’t have time? Start with just 5-10 minutes. Make the time. Wake earlier. Do it during lunch. Don’t have the energy? Do it when you have higher levels of energy. You’re smart. Figure out the solution.
See your goal. This is your motivation — your reason for doing it. Sure, you could just lay on the couch, but if you think about why you really want to pursue a goal, you’ll be motivated. Visualize that goal and just get started.
Be accountable. Have a workout partner, a project partner, a team, someone to report to. If you have to meet a coach or partner, you’re more likely to do something.
Watch this. Then go an do it.  
小題1:How many tips mentioned in the text to prevent excuses?
A．FourB．ThreeC．SixD．Five
小題2:The second paragraph is developed mainly by _______
A．providing common examples.
B．following the order of time.
C．making comparisons of excuses.
D．a(chǎn)nalyzing common excuses
小題3:The definition of the underlined word” visualize” would most probably be ______
A．to view the outline of something by means of an X-ray.
B．to weaken or spoil the quality or efficiency of something.
C．to form a mental image of something incapable of being viewed.
D．to express the formal image of something capable of being seen.
小題4:Why do you need a partner according to the passage?
A．because you are likely to make a report to someone.
B．because it’ll be more possible for you to do something wih a partner.
C．because you need a coach to help you do something.
D．because you like to do something with a partner or a coach.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

New research shows that overweight or even mildly obese people have a lower risk of early death than people considered to be normal weight.
Researchers examined the results of 97 studies. Most of the studies were less than 10 years old. They included almost three million adults from around the world, including the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Brazil, India and Mexico.
The researchers at the National Center for Health Statistics found that people who are considered overweight or slightly obese were five to six percent less likely to die from all causes than people of normal weight. People with higher obesity ratings, however, had almost a 30 percent greater risk of death compared to normal-weight individuals.
Katherine Flegal was the lead author of the study. She says she was not surprised that overweight people would not have a higher risk of death.
“Because we’d actually already read a lot of this literature and realized it was likely that mortality rates (死亡率) for overweight would be at least not higher than normal weight. I guess I was a little bit surprised that it was definitely lower. And I was also surprised that the lower rates of obesity also didn’t seem to differ from normal weight.”
But she says the difference in death rates appears to be small between normal-weight people and those who are overweight or mildly obese.
The study has raised new questions about “body mass index,”（體重指數(shù)） or BMI. This is a measurement of body fat as a ratio（比率） of height to weight. In recent years, many public health experts have promoted body mass index as a way to predict the risk of health problems. Bu t a person's BMI can be misleading in some cases.
Steven Heymsfield ,the executive director of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, says people can be physically fit and in good health, but might weigh more because they are more muscular.
Still, Dr. Heymsfield says people should not think gaining extra weight is OK just because of the new findings. He says being at a healthy weight lowers the risk for heart disease and diabetes（糖尿病）.
小題1:According to the new findings, the researchers found that __________ .
A．People with high obesity have a lower risk of early death than people with low obesity
B．People with overweight have a greater risk of early death than people of normal weight.
C．People with mild obesity are less likely to die than people of normal weight.
D．People with obesity live much longer than people of normal weight.
小題2:What does the underlined word “l(fā)iterature” in paragraph 6 mean ?
A．works like novels and poems
B．books and articles on a particular subject
C．printed material
D．magazines and newspapers
小題3:Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
A．BMI is commonly used to measure body fat as a ratio of height to weight.
B．Not all people with a little higher BMI are fat .
C．Many public health experts encourage more people to use BMI as a way to predict the risk of health problem
D．Because of the ne w findings, people should think about gaining extra weight.

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