Question

If you want to help children develop language and speech skills, UCLA researchers say, listening to what they have to say is just as important as talking to them.

The effect of a conversation between a child and an adult is about six times as great as the effect of adult speech input(輸入)alone, the researchers found. “Adults speaking to children helps language develop, but what matters much more is the interaction, ”said the study’s lead author, Frederick   Zimmerman, an associate professor in the School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles.  The researchers also found that TV viewing didn’t have much of an effect—positively or negatively—as long as it wasn’t displacing conversations between an adult and a child.
The UCLA study included 275 families with children between 2 months and 48 months old.  They represented a variety of incomes and education.  The researchers found that, in an average day, children heard about 13, 000 spoken words from adults and participated in about 400 adult-child conversations a day.
Assessed separately, factors positively associated with language development included each additional 100 conversations a day and each 1, 000 words increase in the number of words spoken by adults and heard by children.  When looked at alone, TV was negatively associated with language development.  But, when these three factors were analyzed together, the only one that stood out was conversation between adults and children.
“The more a child speaks and interacts with an adult, the better idea a parent has about where the child is”, Zimmerman said. “Although it’s mostly done unconsciously, parents will provide feedback and correct mistakes.  They’ll also tailor their speech to the child.  Parents can give the children words by talking to them about what they’re doing, such as, ‘I’m putting on your pajamas now’.  But give your child the opportunity to talk, hopefully without the rest of the noise in the environment, ”she added. “If parents can carve out some conversation time—maybe at bath time or at dinner time—that’s a wonderful thing. ”
【小題1】 The researchers also found that TV viewing　　　　.

A．could have a positive effect on a child’s language development

B．had a little effect on a child’s language development

C．a(chǎn)ffected a child’s language development more negatively than positively

D．a(chǎn)ffected a child’s language development both negatively and positively

【小題2】Frederick Zimmerman would probably agree that　　　　.

A．parents should let their children talk most of the time

B．children should watch TV programs selectively

C．the conversation between parents and children should be two-way

D．it’s no good for parents to correct their children’s mistakes when they are speaking

【小題3】 We can conclude from the last paragraph that　　　　.

A．parents should let a child repeat what he or she says

B．bath time or dinner time is the best chance for parents to talk to a child

C．parent-child conversation can be carried out at any proper time

D．parents should leave a child talking alone

【小題4】 What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Talk with kids, not at them

B．Let your children voice their own opinions

C．How to develop a child’s language ability

D．The importance of early child language development

【小題5】The underlined word “tailor” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by　　　　.

A．control	B．improve
C．pass	D．a(chǎn)djust

Answer 1

【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】C
【小題4】A
【小題5】D

解析【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn), 父母和孩子之間的交談對孩子語言的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要, 這種交談必須是雙向的、互動(dòng)的。
【小題1】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第二段最后一句“The researchers also found that TV viewing didn’t have much of an effect—positively or negatively—as long as it wasn’t displacing conversations between an adult and a child. ”可知, 看電視對孩子語言的發(fā)展沒有多少影響, 無論是積極的還是消極的。
【小題2】選C。推理判斷題。從文章第二段內(nèi)容可知, Zimmerman強(qiáng)調(diào)父母跟孩子之間交談的雙向性和互動(dòng)性才是更重要的。
【小題3】選C。推理判斷題。從文章最后一段可知, 父母應(yīng)該隨時(shí)創(chuàng)造跟孩子交談的機(jī)會, 時(shí)間的選擇是非常靈活的。
【小題4】選A。主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容分析, 文章強(qiáng)調(diào)父母和孩子之間的交流, 而且強(qiáng)調(diào)交流的互動(dòng)性, 因此A項(xiàng)符合文章的主旨。
【小題5】選D。詞義理解題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語境分析, 此處tailor是動(dòng)詞, 本義是“量體裁衣”, 此處的意思是“不斷調(diào)整以適應(yīng)”。故答案為D。