Question

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the learned in the early days of the history, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become popular.
One should be careful, however, of supposing that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction（分散注意力）to others. Examination of reasons connected with the historical development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The last century saw a gradual increase in literacy（讀寫(xiě)能力）and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of listeners dropped, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the popularity of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, trains and offices, where reading aloud would disturb other readers in a way. 
Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its advantages are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.
By the end of the century students were being advised to have some new ideas of books and to use skills in reading them which were not proper, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological developments in the century had greatly changed what the term “reading” referred to.
【小題1】Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?

A．Because silent reading had not been discovered.

B．Because there were few places for private reading.

C．Because few people could read for themselves.

D．Because people depended on reading for enjoyment.

【小題2】The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century showed_______.

A．a(chǎn) change in the position of literate people

B．a(chǎn) change in the nature of reading

C．a(chǎn)n increase in the number of books

D．a(chǎn)n increase in the average age of readers

【小題3】Educationalists are still arguing about__________.

A．the importance of silent reading

B．the amount of information provided by books and newspapers

C．the effects of reading on health

D．the value of different types of reading material

Answer 1

【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】D

解析試題分析：本文主要介紹了默讀在歷史上的發(fā)展演變過(guò)程，突出了它產(chǎn)生的原因和背景。第一段是總述，指出默讀是一種幾乎不為古代學(xué)者所知的現(xiàn)代行為。中世紀(jì)時(shí)期閱讀是指大聲朗讀，一直到19世紀(jì)默讀才比較流行。文中介紹了上個(gè)世紀(jì)閱讀的發(fā)展，以及20世紀(jì)末期閱讀發(fā)展成為默讀。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the learned in the early days of the history, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud.因?yàn)楹苌俚娜耸菫樽约憾�讀的，故選C。
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.表明了讀的一個(gè)變化，故選B。
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening.不同的閱讀材料的價(jià)值，故選D。
考點(diǎn)：歷史文化類短文閱讀。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：細(xì)節(jié)理解題是閱讀理解題中必考的一種題型，其解題依據(jù)主要在閱讀材料中找。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種題型可以用“重現(xiàn)”的方法來(lái)解答。所謂“重現(xiàn)”，就是指某一個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)的同義、反義、上下義、同根詞或原詞在文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象。這種方法常用于解答完形填空，但用來(lái)解答閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題也同樣管用。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的重現(xiàn)指的是：正確答案選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)句中的單詞或短語(yǔ)與閱讀材料中的單詞或短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一種重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)系。