American researchers say drinking tea may help strengthen the body’s defense system against infection. Doctors at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, did the study. The team studied a chemical found in black, green, oolong and pekoe tea. This chemical is an amino acid called L-theanine. The scientists say it may increase the strength of gamma delta T cells. That’s the letter T, not the drink. Gamma delta T cells are part of the body’s defense.
First, the researchers mixed some of these cells with antigens found in the amino acid(氨基酸). Antigens help the body react to infection. Then the scientists added some bacteria. Within twenty-four hours, the cells produced a lot of interferon, a substance that fights infection. Cells not mixed with the antigens did not produce interferon.
In the second part of the study, eleven people drank five to six cups of black tea every day. Ten other people drank the same amount of instant coffee. That is dried coffee mixed with hot water.
Two weeks later, and again two weeks after that, the researchers tested the blood of all twenty-one people. They also looked at what happened when they added bacteria to the blood cells. They found that the tea drinkers produced five times more interferon after they started drinking tea. The coffee drinkers did not produce interferon.
Doctor Jack Bukowski led the study. He says the antigens added to the gamma delta T cells were responsible for the increased reaction to the bacteria. He says that the study also showed that the cells were able to remember the bacteria and fight them again the next time.
Earlier research already has found that tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer. Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated by more people. “If the findings prove to be true,” he says, “then tea drinking might also help protect against bacterial infections.” He says the amino acid L-theanine could be removed from the tea and used as a drug to strengthen the body’s defenses.
【小題1】We may know from the text that ______ can be found in different kinds of tea.
| A．L-theanine | B．Gamma delta T cells |
| C．interferon | D．bacteria |
| A．to add some bacteria to the blood cells |
| B．the body to produce more gamma delta T cells |
| C．the body to produce more interferon |
| D．to mix antigens with some of the cells in the body |
| A．the findings of the study have already proved to be true |
| B．further study is needed to prove the findings true |
| C．he has taken some amino acid L-theanine from tea and made a drug with it |
| D．he is not sure whether tea help prevent heart disease and cancer |
| A．Tea Is Better than Coffee | B．Our Body Needs Tea |
| C．Tea Can Help Prevent Cancer | D．Tea May Help Fight Infection |
【小題1】A
【小題2】C
【小題3】B
【小題4】D
解析試題分析：這篇文章講的是喝茶可以增強身體對感染的抵御能量力，因為它可以使身體制造出更多的干擾素。
【小題1】細節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：The team studied a chemical found in black, green, oolong and pekoe tea. This chemical is an amino acid called L-theanine.可知不同的茶里面都有的物質(zhì)是L-theanine ，選A
【小題2】細節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：the researchers mixed some of these cells with antigens found in the amino acid(氨基酸). Antigens help the body react to infection 可知茶有助于加強身體的免疫力因為它可以使身體制造出更多的干擾素，選C
【小題3】細節(jié)題：從最后一段的句子：Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated by more people. 可知Doctor Bukowski 認(rèn)為要證明這個發(fā)現(xiàn)是真的，還需要更多的研究，選B
【小題4】主旨題：縱觀全文和第一段的句子：American researchers say drinking tea may help strengthen the body’s defense system against infection. 可知這篇文章講的是喝茶可以增強身體對感染的抵御能量力，選D
考點：考查健康類短文
全能測控期末小狀元系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Now Hear This
What do former American president Bill Clinton and rock musician Pete Townshend have in common.'? Both men have hearing damage from exposure to loud music, and both now wear hearing aids as a consequence. As a teenager, Clinton played saxophone in a band. Townshend, who has the more severe hearing loss, was a guitarist for a band called the Who. He is one of the first rock musicians to call the public's attention to the problem of hearing loss from exposure to loud music.
Temporary hearing loss can happen after only 15 minutes of listening to loud music. One early warning sign is when your ears begin to feel warm while you listen to music at a rock concert or through headphones. One later is that an unusual sound or a ringing is sometimes produced in your head after the concert.
"What happens is that the hair cells in the inner ear are damaged, but they're not dead," says physician and ear specialist Dr. Sam Levine. According to Dr. Levine, if you avoid further exposure to loud noise, it's possible to recondition the cells somewhat. However, he adds, "Eventually, over a long period of time, hair cells are permanently damaged." And this is no small problem.
What sound level is dangerous? According to Dr. Levine, regular exposure to noise above 85 decibels (分貝) is considered dangerous. The chart below offers a comparison of decibel levels to certain sounds. Here's another measurement you can use. If you're at a rock concert and the music is so loud that you have to shout to make yourself heard, you' re at risk for hearing loss. That's when wearing protective devices such as earplugs becomes critical.
The facts are pretty frightening. But are rock bands turning down the volume.'? Most aren't. "Rock music is supposed to be loud," says drummer Andrew Sather. "I wouldn't have it any other way. And neither would the real fans of rock. "
Continued exposure to loud music and the failure to wear earplugs can lead to deafness, according to Dr. Levine. He states, "There's no cure for hearing loss. Your ears are trying to tell you something. That ringing is the scream of your hair cells dying. Each time that happens, more and more damage is done. "
| Levels of Common Noises Normal conversation 50 — 65 dB Food blender 88 dB Jet plane flying above a person standing outside 103 dB Rock band during a concert 110 — 140 dB |
| A．loud music is a major cause of hearing loss |
| B．famous people tend to have hearing problems |
| C．teenagers should stay away from school bands |
| D．the problem of hearing damage is widely known |
| A．not to be seen | B．to fill with sound |
| C．to become larger in size | D．to make good again |
| A．a(chǎn) list of harmful sounds |
| B．the effect of rock concerts |
| C．the noise levels of familiar sounds |
| D．relationship between daily activities and hearing loss |
| A．When your ears feel warm, your hair cells are dead. |
| B．Drummer Andrew Sather gives good advice. |
| C．Many are taking the risk of losing hearing. |
| D．Doctors know how to cure hearing loss. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
I am wearing a small red ribbon this morning to remind myself and others around me that today is World AIDS Day.
The red ribbon, an international symbol of AIDS awareness, is gaining increasing public recognition as more Chinese, from top leaders to movie stars, wear it today.
Gone were the days when the topic of HIV/AIDS was a public and media taboo(禁忌). Over the past few years, we have watched, read and heard many stories from doctors, volunteers and public health officials at the forefront of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment.
Quite a few people with HIV/AIDS have come forward to share their experiences on TV or in the media.
The local and central governments have become more forthcoming (be helpful) with their new prevention and treatment programmes, and financial input. The latter rose from less than 1 million yuan (US$ 121,000) in 1986 to a pledge of 800 million yuan (US$98.8 million) in the year of 2006.
The change from silence to public and media campaigns with official promises has been remarkable, especially since China battled through the SARS crisis.
But have we got a full understanding on HIV/AIDS? What do we know about the extent of HIV/AIDS in China?
The figures, ranging from confirmed cases to estimates, remain debated. After all, no more than a year has passed since the policy of free medical tests was make public. Unknown numbers from the high-risk groups drug addicts and people working in sex- related place as well as farmers who once sold blood could still be reluctant to come forward.
【小題1】What does the red ribbon stand for?
| A． AIDS awareness | B．World AIDS Day |
| C． AIDS | D．AIDS prevention and treatment |
| A．The topic of HIV/AIDS was a public and media taboo in the past. |
| B．The topic of HIV/AIDS is now still a public and media taboo. |
| C．Now a lot of people with HIV/AIDS have come forward to share their experiences on TV. |
| D．The writer wears a small red ribbon because today is World AIDS Day. |
| A．new prevention programmes | B．financial input |
| C．new treatment programmes | D．the central governments |
| A．The Red Ribbon | B．Help people with AIDS |
| C．About AIDS | D．Always keep red ribbon in sight |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Below is some advice on how to prevent cancer:
8 Ways to Avoid Cancer in Your Life
1. Eat Blueberries
Aside from being a healthy and delicious snack, blueberries contain pterostilbene, which has important colon（結(jié)腸） cancer-fighting prosperities. But wait, it gets better. Blueberries also offer a large dose of vitamins C (14 milligrams per cup). So at breakfast, try to take in a cup and a half of blueberries in your cereal or yogurt, or mixed with other berries.
2. Drink Pomegranate（石榴）Juice
The deep red juice of the pomegranate contains polyphenols, isoflavones and ellagic acid, which together create a powerful anticancer mixture. Most recently, researchers from the University of Wisconsin at Madison has discovered that 16 ounces of pomegranate juice per day also may inhibit the growth of lung cancer.
3. Relax
Feeling stressed or worried? Find ways to relax and you may reduce your chances of developing cancer. Purdue University researchers tracked 1,600 men over 12 years and found that half of those with high levels of worry died during the study period. Only 20 percent of the optimists died before the study were completed, while 34 percent of the extremely anxious men died of some type of cancer. Instead of stressing about the past or future, focus on the present and relax!
4. Take Selenium（硒）
Selenium is well known for its cancer-fighting properties. In a study of almost 1,000 men, researchers from the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that when men with the lowest initial levels of selenium in their bodies received a daily supplement over a 4 year period, they cut their prostate（前列腺） cancer risk by a remarkable 92 percent. However, it is possible to get too much of a good thing, so monitor your intake of selenium-containing supplements, Brazil nuts, tuna, meats and grains carefully.
5. Eat Sushi（壽司）
Seaweed may not be your idea of a great snack, but it is high in fiber, calcium and iron, and dry, roasted seaweed sheets used in sushi provide the additional benefits of vitamins A and C. Sushi rolls are also high in protein— a typical spicy tuna roll has only 290 calories but packs 24 grams of protein. So don’t skimp（節(jié)省）on the Sushi!
6. Enjoy the Outdoors
Vitamin D causes early death of cancer cells. A study published in the American Journey of Clinical Nutrition reported that women who supplemented their diets with 1,000 international. Units of vitamin D every day had a 60 percent to 77 percent lower incidence of cancer ever a four-year period that did women taking a placebo(無效對照劑). Experts recommend supplementing your fun in the sun with 1,100 to 2,000IU of vitamin D each day.
7. Breathe Clean Air
There’s no question that secondhand smoke kills. A recent American Journal of Public Health study showed that nonsmokers working in smoky places had three times the amount of carcinogen（致癌物質(zhì)） in their urine（尿） than nonsmokers working in smoke-free locations. What’s worse, their levels of the carcinogen rose 6 percent for every hour worked. Nine states have banned smoking in all workplaces, bars and restaurants. The message is clear: Do whatever you can to avoid the cloud of smoke.
8. Break a Sweat
Even a small amount of exercise can offer major cancer-fighting benefits. In a study of 29,110 men published in the International Journal of Cancer, men who exercised just once a week had a percent lower risk of metastasis(轉(zhuǎn)移性) prostate cancer than men who didn’t work out at all. The better the frequency, duration and intensity of the exercise, the bigger the reduction in risk, according to the study.
【小題1】To prevent yourself from catching colon cancer, you should eat ____ as often as possible.
| A．sushi | B．blueberries | C．pomegranates | D．Vitamin D |
| A．he is very fond of exercise every day. |
| B．he is addicted to smoking |
| C．he is always feeling extremely stressed or worried |
| D．he likes to have meals in restaurants |
| A．have a daily supplement of vitamins B and C |
| B．try to ignore the secondhand smoking |
| C．take in as many selenium-containing supplements as possible |
| D．having exercise as often as possible |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Work your brain!
Between 2 and 3 pounds of wonder, it controls everything we say, do or think, who we are and what we care about. The way we walk or laugh or figure out things. What we like and the talents we possess. How we see and talk and run and jump and process our food.
The brain uses 20 percent of our body’s oxygen and 20 percent of its blood. Somewhere within its protein, fat, 100,000 miles of blood vessels and 100 billion nerve cells, it helps us remember where we put our gym shoes. Change our temperature so we don’t die because of the heat or cold. Speed us up or slow us down. Help us choose between orange juice or orangeflavored drinks.
Its complexity are stunning, far beyond anything most of us can imagine. To keep this work of art as polished as possible we need to eat right, exercise and keep mentally stimulated. Good nutrition helps brain cells communicate with each other. Exercise stimulates a hormone in our brain that improves memory. Mental stimulation keeps you sharp even as you age.
“It’s very important that we tell people to be physically active and mentally active,” said neurologist Malcolm Stewart.“People cannot stop aging, but you’re able to reduce the damage; you’re able to keep the function up.”
Following are Dr. Stewart’s advice for improving brain health：
| Nutrition | Avoid fast food. Follow the old adage(格言): For breakfast, eat like a king; for lunch, like a queen; for supper, like a beggar. |
| Exercise | Do a combination of stretching aerobic and muscle strengthening every day. |
| Mental games | Try to have a sense of hope about the future. Do puzzles. Listen to music. Reach out to others to make their lives better. |
| A．inform us how the brain works |
| B．give us advice on how to keep the brain healthy |
| C．tell us that the brain plays an important role in our lives |
| D．show how special the brain is to us |
| A．interesting | B．strange | C．significant | D．a(chǎn)mazing |
| A．keeps our mind sharp |
| B．helps improve our memory |
| C．gives our brain a rest |
| D．is good for brain cells communicating with each other |
| A．eating a good lunch | B．doing puzzles |
| C．eating a large supper | D．taking aerobic exercise |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
The research tracked the health of 101,000 US nurses over three decades.
Light-to-moderate smokers were twice as likely to die of sudden heart problems as those who had never smoked.
But those who quit smoking saw their risk begin to go back down within years, a journal of the American Heart Association reports.
_________
During the study, there were 315 sudden cardiac deaths（心臟性猝死）——where the heart unexpectedly stops working.
In people aged 35 or younger, this usually because of a heart condition that runs in the family.
But in people who are older than this—as most of the nurses in the study were —it can be the first sign of coronary heart disease, where the heart’s arteries become blocked by fatty deposits.
Of the 315 sudden deaths in the study, 75 were among current smokers, 148 were among recent or past smokers and 128 occurred in people who had never smoked.
Reason to quit
After taking into account other heart risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and family history of heart disease, Dr Roopinder Sandhu and his colleagues found the women who smoked were twice as likely as likely to die suddenly even if they smoked “l(fā)ight-to-moderate” amounts —between one and 14 cigarettes a day.
For every five years of continued smoking, the risk went up by 8%.
But women who quit saw their risk fall to that of someone who had never smoked, after 20 years of cessation.
Dr Sandhu, of the University of Alberta, Canad, said: “What this study really tells women is how important it is to stop smoking. The benefits in terms of sudden cardiac death reduction are there for all women, not just those with established heart disease.”
“It can be difficult to quit. It needs to be a long-term goal. It’s not always easily achievable and it may take more than one attempt.”
Ellen Mason, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: “This study shows that smoking just a couple of cigarettes a day could still seriously affect your future health.”
“As we approach the new year, many of us will be making resolutions and giving up smoking will be the top of the list for lots of people.”
“If you’re thinking of quitting and need a nudge, this research adds to the wealth of evidence that stopping smoking is the single best thing you can do for your heart health.”
A recent study in The Lancet of 1.2million Women found those who gave up smoking by the age of 30 would almost completely avoid the risk of dying early from tobacco-related diseases.
Latest figures suggest a fifth of women in England smoke.
【小題1】According to the research, light smokers____________.
| A．a(chǎn)re not likely to suffer from heart problems |
| B．a(chǎn)re more likely to suffer from heart problems than moderate ones |
| C．can go on smoking only if they don’t smoke much |
| D．have a high possibility of dying of heart disease |
| A．Nonsmokers wouldn’t die of sudden cardiac death |
| B．Most of the nurses concerned in the research were middle aged. |
| C．All age groups of people were involved in the research. |
| D．If the smokers had quit smoking, they wouldn’t have died of heart disease. |
| A．Raised risk | B．Ways of quitting smoking |
| C．Diseases related to smoking | D．Signs of heart disease |
| A．push | B．confidence | C．study | D．comparison |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
If a city wishes to host the Olympics, it must submit a proposal(提交提案) to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated, the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of growing importance television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city’s time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee----not the IOC or the NOC of the host city’s country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入), and corporate sponsorships(社團贊助), tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. When the financial gains from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.
【小題1】_______will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.
A. A city that submits a proposal B. A majority winner in voting
C. A city that has perfect time zone D. One that hasn’t hosted the Games
【小題2】 Which of the following words can be used to replace the word “ selecting” in paragraph 2?
| A．electing | B．hoping | C．choosing | D．thinking |
| A．can’t broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours |
| B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events |
| C．a(chǎn)re willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights |
| D．will not pay for the Canadian television networks |
| A．The host city must be left with large debts |
| B．The city may achieve a lot of money |
| C．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games |
| D．It is impossible that the host city couldn’t make money |
| A．How to host Olympic Games | B．Winner or loser |
| C．Applying for host for Olympics | D．The Olympic Games |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Are you having too much salt? You might not think so, but people in China eat on average (平均) about 12 grams of salt each day, that is much higher than the 6 grams suggested by the World Health Organization. You could be eating too much without realizing it, because about 75% of the salt we eat is already in the food we buy, such as bread, sauces, soups and sausages.
What problems can eating too much salt cause? To answer that question, first let’s take a look at what salt is.
Salt is a chemical compound. It is made of sodium (鈉) and chloride (氯化物). Salt is used to keep and flavor foods. A small amount of salt is important for good health because our bodies need sodium and chloride to work.
But past studies have found that people who eat more salt than they need tend to have high blood pressure. Eating too much salt has also been connected with other conditions, such as heart and kidney (腎) problems.
If you want to cut down on salt, the good news is, there are plenty of simple things to do. Here are some tips:
*Cut back on high salt foods.
Most foods contain some salt. But some foods such as cheese, bacon, pickles (泡菜), smoked fish and chips are almost always high in salt because of the way they are made. You can still enjoy them, but try to have these in smaller amounts, or eat them less often.
*Choose reduced salt bread and breakfast cereals.
Bread and breakfast cereals (谷物) are major source of salt in the diet, not that they’re necessarily high in salt but because we eat a lot of them. For these foods, there can be a really big difference between different types and brands. So next time you’re shopping, take the time to compare the salt levels on a few similar products. And always try to choose the ones lower in salt.
*Avoid adding salt to cooking and at table. Instead, you could use herbs and spices (香料) such as garlic (大蒜) and lemon juice to add flavor to meals.
【小題1】Many people in China don’t realize they are eating too much salt because ______.
| A．salty food tasted better than reduced salt food |
| B．they do not calculate the amount of salt they eat |
| C．a(chǎn)bout 3/4 of the salt we eat is already in the food we buy |
| D．few people experience problems from eating too much salt |
| A．cut back on food with less salt |
| B．eat less heavily salted food |
| C．eat as much reduced salt bread as is wanted |
| D．stop eating bread and breakfast cereals |
| A．To warn people of food containing too much salt. |
| B．To inform people of the right amount of salt taken each day. |
| C．To advise people to be careful about the amount of salt they eat. |
| D．To promote (促進) the right way to make reduced salt food. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Having one of those days – or weeks – when everything seems to annoy you? Even if you do nothing about it, your bad mood will probably go away after some time. But with a little effort, you can forget it much faster – often within a day or two.
◇Walk it off
Exercise is the most popular bad-mood buster. A person who’s in a bad mood has low energy and high tension. Taking a fast ten-minute walk, or doing some quick exercises can do wonders towards changing that bad mood.
◇Tune it out
Listening to your favorite music for a while can also make tension go away quickly, because music starts associations with past positive experiences we’ve had.
◇Give yourself a pep talk
Stop and listen to what’s on your mind. Bad moods are often started by too many negative thoughts. Write them all down on paper, the pessimistic messages you’ve been giving yourself and then give optimistic answers. ( “I still don’t have a job.” Vs “I have two interviews next week.”)
◇Reduce your stress
Relaxation techniques are wonderful mood-lifters. These include deep breathing, stretching and visualizing, all of which sound complicated but aren’t. One easy way to visualize: close your eyes and picture a favorite place, such as the beach. Another simple way to be against distress is to make a to-do list. One reason for being in a bad mood is feeling you have no options. By taking control over certain areas, you realize you’re not helpless. You can make changes in your mood and life.
◇Avoid things that won’t improve your mood.
TV may not help much: You need to increase your energy level and stimulate（刺激） your mind – something that the TV show “Neighbors” won’t do. And before you reach for that piece of cake and coffee, think about how mood and food are linked. Sugar and caffeine contribute to depressed moods. A better choice? Research shows that carbohydrates, such as potatoes and pasta（面食）,produce a calming effect in people who have a desire for them.
【小題1】Which of the following may help us stop a bad mood?
| A．Doing nothing about it. | B．Exercising and enjoying music. |
| C．Writing down negative thoughts. | D．Talking about it with neighbors. |
| A．It helps remove bad mood. | B．It brings us a new technique. |
| C．It is not complicated to do so. | D．It is an area to be easily controlled. |
| A．shows what happens around you | B．does not energize you |
| C．reminds you of eating and drinking | D．produces a calming effect |
| A．Energy Level and Stress | B．How to Beat a Bad Mood |
| C．Bad Mood and Our Life | D．How to Control Your Feeling. |
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