8．In recent years many flowers shops have been appeared in our small town．It is common for people to buy flowers when they go to a gathering，visiting a sick friend，or attend a wedding．I still remember clear one day last year when Tom，disabled student，presented some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude to her．He owes his entire life to his mother's kind and care．With her he would not have had the confidence or the courage to fight her disability．As a result of the great effort what he had made，he was finally admitted to a key university．

7．One of the hottest buzzwords in China right now is no doubt tuhao，a sarcastic，light-hearted term referring to rich people of little education，bad taste or lacking self-awareness．
This is yet another example of smart Chinese Internet users applying their creativity to an aged phrase and giving it new life and meaning．The term，which literally means"country bully"，has been around since ancient times，when it was used to refer to rich and powerful rural landlords．
However，the meaning of the word changed significantly when it was adapted a few years ago by Chinese players of the wildly popular computer game"World of Warcraft"to refer to rich players who spend big money buying powerful virtual weapons．Because they don't improve their skills by playing，these players are considered silly，uncultured，and unprofessional．
But that is not the end of tuhao's new life story．The renewed popularity of the term also coincides with（同時(shí)發(fā)生）the emergence（出現(xiàn)）of the Chinese"nouveau riche"一a generation of businessmen and women，property owners and entrepreneurs who have rapidly accumulated large amounts of wealth in recent years．
Similar to the many rags-to-riches stories in human history，many Chinese billionaires who are on the global rich list do not come from well-educated or prestigious（聲望很高的） backgrounds．Rather，they achieved financial success through powerful connections，smart investments，and by riding out China's economic boom．Many of them don't shy away from throwing their money around，yet we are often reminded of their lack of manners，taste and cultural sensitivity．
As a result，a term that was popularized in the gaming world has now also been introduced into daily conversation．
Trendy，young Internet users，who see themselves as the opposite of tuhao一not wealthy，but well-educated and cultured一have further popularized the term by using it in various comic situations．For example，the phrase"let's be friends，tuhao，"became hot after it appeared in an online joke about a conversation between a rich young man and a wise monk．
When Apple released its much anticipated iPhone 5S in September，Chinese Internet users accurately predicted the great popularity of the new golden-colored models among Chinese consumers，and named it"tuhao Gold"，to make fun of the taste of rich Chinese people．
"Tuhao"---a latest buzzword in China

（71）Changes  in meaning	In （72）ancient/old times	"Country bully"，（73）referring to rich and powerful landlords who oppressed others
	In the （74） gamingworld	Rich but unprofessional players，meaning players who would rather buy powerful （75）virtualweapons than improve skills by playing．
	In recent daily （76）conversation/life	Tasteless"nouveau riche"，indicating those rich people who have benefited from the （77）booming economy of China but are （78）known for their lack of manners，taste and cultural sensitivity．
（79）examples of its application	"Let's be friends，tuhao．"	An online joke about a conversation between a rich young man and a wise monk．
	"Tuhao gold"	A term intended to （80）tease/mock the taste of rich Chinese people．

6．The term culture now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team．In its original sense，however，culture includes all identifying aspects of a racial group，nation，or empire：its physical environment，history，and traditions，its social rules and economic structure，and its religious beliefs and arts．
The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another．It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate．People acquire a culture because they are not born with one．The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods，accented speech，or an outlook on the world over time，therefore，is known as enculturation （文化適應(yīng)）．
Cultures are often identified by their symbols-images that are familiar and coated with meaning．Totem poles （圖騰柱） carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes （部落）．In Asia and India，the color of yellow is connected with temples while in ancient China it was a color only the emperor's family was allowed to wear．Thus，different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently．For example，to some a flag may represent pride，historical accomplishments，or ideals； to others，however，it can mean danger or oppression．
To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own，the beliefs，behaviors，and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening．A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric （from the Greek ethnos，meaning"people，"and kentros，meaning"center"）．A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and，possibly，wrong or evil．
All people are ethnocentric to some degree，and some aspects of ethnocentrism，such as national pride，contribute to a well-functioning society．An appreciation for one's own culture，however，does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture．History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together．Extreme ethnocentrism，in contrast，can lead to racism-the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one's own race is superior to all others．

74．What does the word"innate"in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？A
A．Instinctive．
B．Developed．
C．Believable．
D．Cultivated．
75．Which of the following is true according to the passage？A
A．Different interpretations of a symbol help to distinguish one culture from another．
B．An ethnocentric country opens welcoming arms to cultures different from its own．
C．Culture consists of some positive features of a racial group，nation or empire．
D．People from various cultural backgrounds often reach an agreement on some image．
76．What can be inferred from the passage？C
A．All aspects of ethnocentrism can produce negative effects on a society．
B．Racism is unlikely to bring about serious conflicts among different cultures．
C．Respect and acceptance of different cultures are a proper cultural attitude．
D．Countries with a strong sense of national pride play a superior role in the world．
77．Which might be the best title of the passage？D
A．Culture，the origin of racial superiority
B．Culture，a faithful mirror of history
C．Culture，the vigour of world development   
D．Culture，a distinctive identity of a nation．

5．What is politeness？This sounds like a simple question．In daily life，we often make judgments about what is polite and what is not polite．For example，to offer your seat to the elderly on a bus is considered polite behavior，and to interrupt when someone is talking is considered impolite； to greet someone the first time you meet him in the morning is polite and to stand up to reach for the dish you want at a dinner table is impolite．So politeness can first of all be regarded as a phenomenon，an observable social phenomenon．
What I would like to propose is that as an observable social phenomenon，politeness is something superficial，but to account for what is understood at the surface，we should dig into the depth where different cultural values are rooted．
When being complimented （贊美），an English-speaking person would readily accept the compliment by saying something like"Thank you"to show his appreciation of the praise，but a Chinese speaker would try to deny the truth of the compliment．They both think they are behaving properly．Yet neither of them would think the other is being polite．The English speaker is being polite to the extent that by accepting and showing appreciation of the compliment，and he avoids hurting the positive face of the person who makes it； the Chinese speaker is showing modesty by Denigrating（貶低） himself，ignoring the fact of the compliment paid to him．As has been mentioned，self-denigration has been at the core of the Chinese understanding of politeness for over two thousand years．The Chinese，in order to show modesty，will go to such lengths as to underrate what he himself has achieved and deny the truth of a complimentary remark．

29．According to the first paragraph，politeness can be briefly described asD
A．proper social phenomena             
B．being modest
C．showing appreciation               
D．a(chǎn)n observable social phenomenon
30．In the author's opinion，the nature of politeness lies inC．
A．something superficial
B．what is understood at the surface
C．different cultural values
D．the root of different thoughts
31．Which of the following is TRUE？C
A．Chinese speakers dislike being complimented．
B．English-speaking people are reluctant to accept compliment．
C．Chinese tend to show politeness and modesty by denying the truth of praise．
D．Chinese people think highly of British politeness while English people think poorly of  Chinese politeness．
32．What's the author's attitude towards Chinese politeness？A
A．Objective．                             
B．Critical．
C．Optimistic．                        
D．Approving．

4．Was the London Olympics a success？Many people hold different opinions．However，one thing is certain，London could win a gold medal for hosting the"greenest"Games ever，BBC News reported．
Previous Olympic hosts have been criticized for the environmental damage they have caused through construction，waste and transport．But things had to be different in London．
What is most impressive is that London considered the construction of the Olympic Park as an opportunity to clean up polluted areas．2 million tons of polluted soils were removed and 200 old factory buildings were torn down，according to sustainablebusiness．com．But that's not all．99 percent of the debris（廢瓦礫）were reused to build the Olympic Park．
As well as using recycled materials，all gymnasiums were built with green building techniques．The Olympic Stadium is the lightest one ever built，which minimized the amount of steel and concrete needed．Also，the handball field has lighting pipes on the roof that reduce electricity use by 40 percent．
The effort that London made to deal with waste also deserves praise．Water used for drinking and watering plants was from collected rainwater or recycled wastewater．In this way，about 30-40 percent less water was used in total．Waste food package were either recycled or processed and turned into renewable energy．
As one of the best connected places in Europe，London tried to solve traffic jams by encouraging the use of public transport．For example，it had trains deliver half of the building materials，instead of cars，which greatly reduced carbon emissions（排放）．
The clean anti-doping result also added to the greenness of the Games．Only one athlete tested positive for a banned drug on the day of competing，which is why the IOC President，Jacques Rogge，has praised anti-doping efforts at the London Games．
32．To make the Olympic Park green，LondonB．
A．recycled 2 million tons of polluted soil
B．a(chǎn)pplied green building techniques to the construction
C．built the Olympic Stadium mostly with recycled materials
D．removed 99 percent of the debris from the city
33．The underlined word"minimized"in the fourth paragraph probably meansC．
A．increased as much as possible   
B．made use of
C．reduced as much as possible
D．took little notice of
34．What can we conclude from the article？C
A．The London Olympics cost less than the other Olympics ever held．
B．London has possessed the most advanced techniques to deal with waste．
C．Public transport is made good use of in London during the Olympic Games．
D．The anti-doping result in the London Olympics turned out to be dissatisfactory．
35．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？B
A．The effort that London made to deal with waste isn't worthy of praise．
B．In terms of holding the greenest Games，the London Olympics was a success．
C．London tried to solve traffic jams by encouraging the use of private cars for free．
D．The IOC President，Jacques Rogge was unsatisfied with the anti-doping efforts at the London Games．

3．The Hunan Satellite TV（HNTV） show"Where are we going，Dad？"is a big hit．Many famous stars brought their children to a strange village alone，and they had to spend 72 hours with their children there．The program fully showed us a modern version of the"how to be a good father"．As the young parents today are too busy to take care of their children，this new form of"Lost on the way"played by nanny Daddy and cute kids triggered（觸發(fā)）a lot of people's emotional resonance（共鳴）．Both the kids and their parents will find that their hearts are being drawn closer．But this kind of feeling has just proved that there is a big spiritual barrier between the modern parents and children．
The TV shows like"Children are hard to support!"，"Where are we going，Dad？"，"hot mom"and"cute kids"are becoming more and more popular．All of these show the new parents'confusion in children's education and the appeal for the balance between career and family．
In real life，on the one hand the young parents feel helpless because they are too busy to accompany their children under the pressures of work and life； on the other hand they continue to do so．The data collected by HNTV shows that nearly two-thirds of their audience are female，among whom 36% are aged from 25 to 34．We can imagine such a scene that one evening a young mother is watching the show with her young children，while her husband is still at work or trapped in socializing，or maybe is just playing computer games in the bedroom．The story of a child without the company of father is still going on．In fact，it is sometimes the same to mothers．In a modern family，it is often the old who take the responsibility of raising a child．The participation of mother in the children's education is also very low．
It is just this kind of confusion where the parents have gone in the modern family education，and where the parents will guide their children to go that"Where are we going，Dad？"shows us．If a child wants to grow up healthily and safely into a modern citizen with independent personality and free spirit，it is very important for him or her to follow the parents who serve as their first teacher．Maybe this is the real reason why such kind of TV programs could get hot．The truth is that children will go where their parents go； and society will go where the children go．
32．In raising a child in modern society，parents shouldC．
A．play computer games with their children
B．keep their children at home to avoid socializing
C．balance well between family and career
D．break down the barrier between children and teachers
33．Which of the following can be inferred in the passage？A
A．Parents shouldn't entirely leave the education of children to the old．
B.36% of the audience of the program are female aged from 25-34．
C．The program shows us the confusion where the parents and children will go to play．
D．In a modern family it is often mothers who are responsible for raising a child．
34．Which one is the best title of the passage？A
A．Confusion Behind"Where are we going，dad？"
B．Modern Education is Important
C．Nanny Daddy and Cute Kids
D．New problems in Modern Children's Education
35．What attitude towards modern family education does the author express in the second paragraph？B
A．Proud．B．Worried．C．Optimistic．D．Indifferent．

2．In India，most of the women wear a red dot between their eyebrows．While it is generally taken as an indicator of their marital（婚姻的）status，the practice is primarily related to the Hindu（印度教的）religion．The dot goes by different names in different Hindi dialects，and"bindi"is the one that is most commonly known．Traditionally，the dot carries no gender restriction：Men as well as women wear it．However，the tradition of men wearing it has faded in recent times，so nowadays we see a lot more women than men wearing one．
The position of the bindi is standard：center of the forehead，close to the eyebrows．It represents a third，or inner eye．Hindu tradition holds that all people have three eyes：The two outer ones are used for seeing the outside world，and the third one is there to focus inward toward God．As such，the dot means piety（虔誠）and serves as a constant reminder to keep God in the front of a believer's thoughts．
Red is the traditional color of the dot．It is said that in ancient times a man would place a drop of blood between his wife's eyes to seal their marriage．According to Hindu beliefs，the color red is believed to bring good fortune to the married couple．Today，people go with different colors depending upon their preferences．Women often wear dots that match the color of their clothes．Decorative of sticker bindis come in all sizes，colors and variations，and can be worn by young and old，married and unmarried people alike．Wearing a bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom．
28．Why did people in India start wearing a red dot on their forehead？C
A．To stress their family background
B．To indicate their social rank．
C．To show their religious belief
D．To display their financial status．
29．What is the function of the third eye in Hindu tradition？D
A．To help the other eyes see better．
B．To look to the distance．
C．To see the outside world．
D．To pay respect to God．
30．Why was red chosen as the original color of the bindi？B
A．The word"bindi"means"red"in some Hindi dialects．
B．Red was believed to be a lucky color for husband and wife．
C．The red dot represented the blood of God．
D．Red stood for a wife's love for her husband．
31．Which of the following statements is true about bindis today？A
A．Bindis are now used to make people look better．
B．Bindis are worn anywhere on the face now．
C．Most Indian women do not wear bindis anymore．
D．More men than women wear bindis in India．

1．Ecotourism is one of the fastest growing sectors in tourism． More and more of us are becoming concerned about the effects we are having on the destinations we choose，as well as the world around us． Some of us are choosing more green modes of transport to get there instead of flying，and some of us are choosing to visit greener destinations． India is one of the best places for ecotourism，and with the destinations below you can be sure that you'll not only be protecting the earth，but giving something back to the area too．
Kerala，more commonly known as"God's Own Country"，is a beautiful state on the southern tip of India． It's a biologically diverse area，with many unique animal species，and almost 2，500 plant species in its tropical forests-that's nearly a quarter of all India's plant groups． In the past，though the forests in this area were much cleared，today they are well protected． There are plenty of wildlife reserves where you can see some of these unique animals．
With tourism developing in the area and money brought in，more attention can be given to protecting its plants and animals，ensuring that the people in the area have a better quality of life．
Arunachal Pradesh，situated on the most northern tip of India，is a resort for the more adventurous． With dry，desert heat in the summer and a snowfall best avoided in the winter，this area is less about greenery，and more about stunning desert landscapes． When visiting this amazing area，you'll be promoting locals earning income from their surroundings，encouraging them to make the most of them and preserve them，as well as gradually increasing their quality of life．
As a north Indian province，Ladakh supports much rare and even endangered plants and animals，which can be seen at Hemis High Altitude National Park． There are also many Tibetan monasteries，including the Hemis Monastery，to visit in the area．
76． Why do people regard Kerala as a biologically diverse area？（no more than 15 words）Because there live many unique animal species and almost 2，500 plant species．
77． What's the author's attitude towards the tourist industry in Kerala？（no more than 6 words）The author quite approves of it．/He is in favor of it．/He is for it．/He is supportive．/He is optimistic about it．/He thinks it is quite good （beneficial）．
78． What can the tourists enjoy in Arunachal Pradesh despite much hardship？（ no more than 4 words）The beautiful/stunning desert landscapes．
79． According to the passage，where would you like to go if you intend to study some endangered animals and plants？（no more than 7 words）Hemis High Altitude National Park in Ladakh
80． What is the passage mainly talking about？（no more than 6 words）The best ecotourism destinations in India．．

20．Best bike-sharing cities in the world
When Citi Bike rolled onto the streets of New York this Memorial Day，it was treated as a national event and even international media took notice．In advance of the launch，one blog post on Le Monde's website claimed，"Bike share to conquer America．"
The next major development was in Copenhagen，which introduced a coin-operated system in 1995 called Bycyklen，or"City Bike．"For 17 years，these bikes zipped through the streets of Denmark's capital until the program was shut down late last year-it's getting an upgrade to third generation technology．
Sponsored by media giant Clear Channel，the French city of Rennes brought the next generation of bike share to the world in 1998 by replacing coin operation with card access and electronic booths．From there the technology has progressed，picking up GPS and real-time tracking along the way，and has spread throughout Western Europe-and the world．
According to the Bike Sharing World Map，maintained by DeMaio and Russell Meddin of Bike Share Philadelphia，there are 553 bike share programs in operation worldwide and another 193 in planning or under construction．
And they're not just in Europe and North America．The worldwide leader in bike sharing，as measured by the number of bikes，is China．According to data collected by the Earth Policy Institute，20 of the 25 largest bike share programs are Chinese．Its largest one，in the city of Wuhan，has twice the number of bikes as all of France's shares combined．
Although most of the systems share several characteristics-bikes with low theft value，electronic docking stations，ranked payment scales-different cities are trying different ways to make bike sharing work．
Take a look at Hangzhou，China，this city of 6.2 million near Shanghai，and you'll see what just may be the best bike share in the world．Although now second on the planet （and China） by size，the Hangzhou Public Bicycle system is one of the densest shares，and probably the most extensively used one，anywhere，largely because of its mixing into public transport：a single card grants access to subway，bus，ferry，taxi and bike share．Residents and tourists alike can put down a deposit of 200 Chinese Yuan （about 33）andrideforanhourforfreeinthissceniccityontheYangtzeDelta．Eachadditionalhouristheequalofonly0.15-one reason why riders put in a quarter-million rides a day．By 2020 it's projected to have 175，000 bikes．
71．What does the blogger mean by the underlined part"Bike share to conquer America．"？C
A．Bike share is a national event．B．Bike share attracts international media．
C．Bike share is popular in America．D．America is a kingdom of bikes．
72．In 1995 citizens in the French city of Rennes can get access to bike shareAA．by putting coins into the system                             
B．by inserting a card into the system
C．by showing ID card to the booths                           
D．by boarding the docking station
73．Which of the following countries has the most bikes？D
A．America．B．Denmark．C．France．D．China．
74．Which of the following statements is TRUE about bike share？C
A．No thief will steal bikes
B．The payment is the same among cities．
C．Any city has her own way to operate it
D．There is no competition between cities．
75．If you tour in Hangzhou you can find the bike share there isB．
A．the most advanced in the world                              
B．a(chǎn) most successful example
C．free for local people                                                    
D．a(chǎn)vailable at scenic spots．

19．[1]Twenty-five years ago in San Diego，Karen Lange was asked by her neighbor，the husband  of a woman who had unknowingly picked up HIV，for help．Everyone else had turned their back  on the couple and the husband was desperate．Despite only knowing them for a short time，Karen agreed．
[2]The woman was in the last stages of a life．By her side，spending time with her and caring for her，was not her family，not her friends，but her next-door neighbor．In those moments，Karen's personal purpose in life became clear as she realized the major difference that we as individuals can have on another person's life．
[3]After her friend passed，Karen became involved in a local grass-roots organization called Mama's Kitchen，delivering meals to the critically ill，and eventually becoming a Board Member．She says that shethrew her energy in volunteering as a way to"help me feel better after her death and all the pain that I had seen．"
[4]After a few moves around the country，Karen landed in Baltimore．At that time，some aspects of her life were‘‘difficult，''and she was working hard to get"out of a rut．"Despite focusing on eating right，exercising，and trying to surround herself with positive people，she stayed in this rut，until she returned to volunteering．
[5]"It was volunteering at Moveable Feast that finally helped my soul and heart to heal，"Karen recalled．She found in the Bahimore-based nonprofit the same task as Mama's Kitchen in San Diego-to            people living with HIV/AIDS and other life-threatening conditions．
[6]That is Karen's true gift-to be proof that giving of our own resources，especially our time，can have a massive life-changing impact on the lives of others，while also showing that volunteering helps you become a healthier，more positive person．

66．What happened to Karen's neighbor 25years ago？（no more than l0words）He was picked up HIV unknowingly．．
67．What effect did volunteering at Moveable Feast have on Karen？（no more than 10words）
It helped hersoul and heart to heal．
68．Explain the underlined expression in Paragraph 3in English．（no more than 5words）
devoted herself to．
69．Fill in the blanks in Paragraph 5with proper words．（no more than 5words）provide food to．
70．List out the benefits of volunteering according to the last paragraph．Volunteering can have a massive life-changing impact on the lives of others/Volunteering helps you become a healthier，more positive person．．